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ارزیابی عملکرد کمی و کیفی ذرت دانه‌ای (Zea mays L.) در واکنش به محلول‌پاشی عناصر ریزمغذی در شرایط تنش کم آبی | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 32، شماره 04 - شماره پیاپی 125، اسفند 1398، صفحه 1-15 اصل مقاله (519.12 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2019.120681.1254 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| اسماعیل حلیمیان1؛ مانی مجدم* 2؛ نازلی دروگر3 | ||
| 1دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار، گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران | ||
| 3باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی اهواز، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به منظور بررسی عملکرد کمی و کیفی دانه ذرت رقم سینگل کراس 704 در واکنش به محلول‌پاشی عناصر ریزمغذی آهن و روی در شرایط تنش کم آبی، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1395 در شهرستان اهواز به صورت کرت‌های یک بار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجراء گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل تنش کم آبی در سه سطح (60، 90 و 120) میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A در کرت‌های اصلی و محلول‌پاشی کود کامل ریزمغذی در سه سطح (عدم محلول‌پاشی، محلول‌پاشی دو در هزار و محلول‌پاشی پنج در هزار) در کرت‌های فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تنش کم آبی و محلول-پاشی عناصر ریزمغذی تأثیر معنی‌داری در سطح احتمال یک درصد بر عملکرد دانه، تعداد دانه در بلال، شاخص کلروفیل، درصد آهن و روی دانه دارد. بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد دانه به ترتیب با میانگین (8/5750 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و (3/4140 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از تیمار 60 و120 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشت بدست آمد. در این آزمایش محلول‌پاشی عناصر ریزمغذی موجب افزایش به ترتیب 29 و 31 درصدی آهن و روی دانه گردید. براساس نتایج حاصل از این آزمایش به منظور دست‌یابی به حداکثر عملکرد پروتئین و دانه، کشت گیاه ذرت با محلول‌پاشی عناصر ریزمغذی روی و آهن به میزان دو در هزار در تیمار 60 میلی‌متر تبخیر مناسب پیشنهاد می‌شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| شاخص کلروفیل؛ عملکرد دانه؛ درصد آهن؛ عملکرد پروتئین | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative yield of maize (zea mays L.) in response to micronutrient spraying under water stress conditions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| esmaiel halimiyan1؛ mani mojaddam2؛ nazli derogar3 | ||
| 1M.Sc. graduated student of Agronomy, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran | ||
| 22Assistant Prof., Department of Agronomy, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran | ||
| 3Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic University | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction: The corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the tropical cereals and one of the family of grasses (Gramineae) belongs to monocotyledonous plants. Corn is considered to be the most widely-used corn in the world, and it is in terms of production after wheat and rice. Corn is one of the strategic cultivars due to the high importance of human and livestock feed and has a high adaptability to temperate and tropical climatic zones (Normohamadi et al., 2010). Although water is the most composition the earth of the plant. One of the main causes of decline in crop yields around the world is water constraints and its lack of proper distribution during the growing season. In other words, for optimal water allocation in crop production, there should be an appropriate correlation between the amount of water used and the amount of production. Among the abiotic stresses in nature, water scarcity is the most important factor in reducing the growth and production of crops. Corn is susceptible to dryness at all stages of development, but the pollination stage has been introduced as the most sensitive plant growth stage to drought stress. Due to drought stress, the leaf area of the plant decreases more than the final leaf number and the biological function and its components decrease (Ma et al., 2012). Materials and Methods: This research was carried out in Ahwaz in 2016 with a longitude of 48 degrees and 40 minutes east and a latitude of 31 degrees and 20 minutes north with a height of 22.5 meters above sea level. This experiment was carried out as split split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments included irrigation stresses at three levels (60, 90 and 120) mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan in main plots and spraying of complete fertilizer in three levels (non-spraying, spraying two in a thousand and spraying five in a thousand) were in sub plots. The results showed that irrigation stress and micronutrient spraying had a significant effect on yield, kernels/ear, chlorophyll index, protein yield, percentage of iron and zinc. Results and Discussion: The results showed that the highest grain yield (575.85 g/m2) was obtained from 60 mm evaporation from the pan and the lowest (414.4 g/m2) from 120 mm evaporation from the pan. The main cause of grain yield reduction in drought stress treatments was the reduction in the number of seeds per ear. On the other hand, micronutrient spray application caused a significant increase in grain yield. The highest grain yield (562.51 g/m²) was obtained from 5% seedling application and the lowest grain yield (455.65 g/m2) was obtained from non-spraying (control). Also, the results showed that zinc and iron micronutrients played a positive role in grain yield and corn grain protein, especially in water deficit conditions (Ghotavi et al., 2011). Conclusions: Since in the field of crop production, the true value depends on the quality of the crop, this study found that the micronutrient spray application plays an important role in the growth of corn, and also, considering that the highest grain yield and protein yields quantitative and qualitative applications of zinc and iron fertilizers that are considered as micronutrient elements were obtained, it can be concluded that by using such fertilizers, we can provide the best conditions for obtaining the maximum yield and yield in corn. On the other hand, soluble micronutrient elements reduced the damage caused by stress on grain yield. Due to the restriction of iron and zinc intake in iron and zinc in arid and semi-arid soils, spraying of elements to increase the amount of micronutrient elements in the plant is a logical method of application of fertilizer. Therefore, in general, the results of this research can be argued that in order to achieve maximum quantitative and qualitative yield, corn plant cultivation with micronutrient foliar application of two liters per thousand is recommended in appropriate moisture conditions. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| chlorophyll index, grain yield, iron percentage, protein yield | ||
| مراجع | ||
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