2استادیار دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
3استادیار موسسه تحقیقات پنبه کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
با توجه به محدودیتهایی که ماشینهای وشچین در برداشت با آن روبهرو هستند؛ مانند عدم تطابق فاصله کشت با ردیفهای دماغه بردارنده، نیاز به استفاده ازبرگریز قبل از برداشت، قیمت بالای ماشین، وارداتی بودن ماشین برداشت وش و خروج ارز از کشور؛ و همچنین کوچک بودن بیشتر مزارع پنبه و کشت غیرخطی و عدم پذیرش تلفات ناچیز مزرعهای ماشینهای وشچین توسط کشاورزان، لازم است که ماشین برداشت پنبهای طراحی شود که بتواند در حضور محدودیتهای یادشده، در اینگونه مزارع کار نماید. از روشهای برداشت پنبه، توسعه سیستمهای نیمهمکانیزه است. بدینمنظور یک ماشین خودگردان سهچرخ طراحی شد که واحد بردارنده مخصوص آن توسط کارگر در بین بوتهها حرکت دادهشده و وش غوزههای باز را برداشت مینماید. واحد بردارنده تشکیلشده از تعدادی انگشتی که توسط یک موتور الکتریکی میچرخد و وش غوزههای باز را از داخل غوزه بیرون کشیده و به لوله انتقال میرساند. وش برداشتشده توسط دو مکانیزم مکش و دهش هوا به مخزن منتقل میگردد. سپس داخل کیسههای بزرگی (خلال) جمعآوری شده و در انتهای مزرعه تخلیه میگردد. هدف این پروژه ارزیابی دستگاه جدید پنبهچین نیمهمکانیزه و مقایسه آن با روش سنتی (برداشت با دست) است. صفات مورد ارزیابی عبارت بودند از: ظرفیت مزرعهای، تلفات مزرعهای، میزان ناخالصی برداشت و طول الیاف. این تحقیق در قالب طرح بلوکهای کاملاً تصادفی در دو روش برداشت و در دو رقم پنبه گلستان و خورشید در 3 تکرار انجام شد. مقایسه دادههای بدست آمده در آزمون و ارزیابی دستگاه ساختهشده نشان داد که ظرفیت برداشت پنبه این دستگاه از برداشت دستی 7/18 درصد بیشتر است. افزایش حدود 3 درصدی خلوص و افزایش معنیداری در طول الیاف برداشت شده (05/0p≤) از دیگر نتایج برداشت دستگاه پنبه نیمه مکانیزه، نسبت به برداشت دستی بود.
1Msc student, Department of Mechanics of Bio-system Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanics of Bio-system Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3Assistant Professor, Cotton Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, IranGorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]
The cotton picker harvesting machines are expose to the limitations as follows: Inappropriate space between the planting rows harvester head, utilizing the deciduous before harvesting; high prices, being of imported cotton harvesting machine and exit the currency of the country; the small size of the most farms and the cultivation of non-linear and non-acceptance negligible loss machinery by the farmers. Therefore, it is necessary to design and developed a cotton-harvesting machine that it can apply under the afore-mentioned limitations. For this purpose, a self-portable machine with three-wheel designed. It has a special harvester unit. Picker unit have made with the number of bars such as the finger. It can rotate by an electrical motor. This unit moves by the worker between the bushes and pick the cottons. Cottons can be picked by harvester unit and then transmit them to the reservoir via transmission tubes, with the two mechanisms, suction and blow. The gathered cottons inside the big gunnydischarge at the end of the farm. The objective of this study was design, construction and evaluation of a semimechanized cotton picker-harvesting machine. In the evaluation of this machine, compared to the traditional cotton harvesting (manually). This machine designed first by the SOLIDWORKS software, and then made. To evaluate of this machine and its comparison with the manual method, the two varieties of cotton, Golestan and Khorshid harvested in four rows at the length of 36 m, with three replications. The evaluated properties were field capacity, field losses, impurityamount and fiber length. The experimental design carried out based on the randomized complete block design with the two factors, harvesting method at the two levels (manually as control and semi-mechanized machine) and variety at the levels, Golestan and Khorshid. The test results and evaluate showed that the field capacity of cotton harvesting of this machine was 18/7% more than the handpicked. Moreover; the fiber quality not only does not reduce, but also in some cases, such as the fiber length increased and showed significantly at 5%level with this machine, when compared to manual harvesting method. Increase at about 3 percent in purity and significant increase in the fiber length at 5 percent level was the other result of this machine.
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