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شناخت و تحلیل ظرفیت های منابع آب سطحی، پیش نیاز برنامه ریزی آمایش سرزمین در استان کرمان | ||
| پژوهش های آبخیزداری | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 33، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 127، تیر 1399، صفحه 2-19 اصل مقاله (999.56 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/wmej.2019.126446.1222 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| رحیم کاظمی* 1؛ جهانگیر پرهمت2؛ فرود شریفی2 | ||
| 1استادیار پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری- سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران | ||
| 2استاد پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری- سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| آب عنصر اصلی آمایش سرزمین و توسعه‌ی پایدار است، و شناخت و تحلیل ظرفیت‌های منابع آب، پیش‌نیاز برنامه‌ریزی آمایش سرزمین است. در این تحقیق، با بررسی دادههای آب‌دهی روزانه‌ی ایستگاههای آبسنجی استان کرمان، 43 ایستگاه با دوره‌ی مشترک داده‌برداری سالهای 1355-1390 انتخاب شد. مهمترین مولفههای منابع آب سطحی شامل اندازه و پراکندگی فراوانی آب پایه، شاخصهای تداوم جریان، آب‌دهیهای سیلابی، آستانه‌ی شروع روان‌آب، شدت سیلخیزی، ارتفاع توان خط برف و مولفههای بارش محاسبه و تحلیل شد. میانگین شاخص جریان پایه در حوزههای استان 0/61 است و شاخص جریان پایه در حدود 78% از حوزهها بیش از۵۰/۰ است. میانگین ضریب تغییر شاخصهای تداوم جریان 0/11 است. روند تغییر توان خط برف در همه‌ی حوزههای منطقه یکی است. دامنه‌ی آستانه‌ی شروع روان‌آب از 0 تا 25 میلیمتر است که بیشترین فراوانی طبقه‌ی صفر تا پنج با 44/9% پوشش سطحی است. بیش از 50% از زمین‌های استان در طبقه‌ی شدت سیلخیزی کم است. تعداد روزهای بارانی در حدود 50% از حوزههای این منطقه بیش از 50 است، و بارش متوسط سالانه‌ی 45% از حوزهها در بازه‌ی 200-300 میلیمتر است. نتیجه‌ی شاخصهای دست‌رسی به آب پایدار از جمله جریان پایه، ضریب تغییر تداوم جریان و توان خط برف توانایی مناسب حوزههای استان کرمان را برای بهینهسازی طرحهای مرتبط با آب و مهارکردن فشار بر منابع آبهای زیرزمینی در مناطق خشک نشان داد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آبخیز؛ آستانه‌ی روان‌آب؛ آمایش منابع آب؛ جریان پایه؛ فراوانی سیل؛ منحنی تداوم جریان | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Recognition and Analysis of Surface Water Resources Capacity, Prerequisite of Land Use Planning in the Province of Kerman | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Rahim Kazemi1؛ Jahangir Porhemmat2؛ Foroud Sharifi2 | ||
| 1Assistant Prof., Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2- Full Prof., Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Water is a key element of land use planning and sustainable development, and recognizing and analyzing of water resources capacity is a prerequisite for land use planning. By analyzing the daily stream flow data collected at the hydrometric stations, 43 stations with the common period between 1976 and 2011 in the Province of Kerman were selected. The most important components of the surface water resources including base flow, flow duration curve (FDC) indices, flood discharges, runoff threshold, flood intensity, potential snowfall elevation, and the rainfall components were analysed. The average base flow index in the catchments of the province was 0.61. About 78% of the catchments had a base flow index of more than 0.50. The mean coefficient of variation of the FDC indices was 0.11. Changes in the snow line potential in every catchment of the region followed the same trend. The runoff threshold range was 0 to 25 millimeters and a class of 0 to 5 with 44.9% of the surface coverage was the most frequent, covering the north and northeast of the province. More than 50% of the province land is in the low flood intensity. About 50% of the catchments had more than 50 rainy days and 45% of the catchments were in the range of 200-300 millimetres of average annual precipitation. Results of the sustainable water access indices including base flow index, coefficient of variation of FDC indices and snow line potential showed proper capability of watersheds of the Province of Kerman to optimize the water-related projects and control the overexploitation of the groundwater resources in the arid regions. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Base flow index, catchment, flood frequency, flow duration curve, runoff threshold, water resources planning | ||
| مراجع | ||
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