| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,069 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,253 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 47,033,715 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 77,959,617 |
اثر شدت چرا و نوع دام بر ویژگی‌‌های شیمیایی و فیزیکی خاک در جنگل‌‌های آرمرده شهرستان بانه | ||
| تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران | ||
| مقاله 10، دوره 27، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 77، آذر 1398، صفحه 349-363 اصل مقاله (1.15 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfpr.2019.127735.1860 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سارا صادقی1؛ کیومرث محمدی سمانی* 2؛ وحید حسینی3؛ زاهد شاکری4 | ||
| 1دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد جنگلشناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران | ||
| 2نویسنده مسئول، استادیار، گروه جنگل‌‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار، گروه جنگل‌‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران | ||
| 4پژوهشگر گروه تعاملات اکولوژیک-اجتماعی در بوم سازگان‌های کشاورزی، دانشگاه گوتینگن و دانشگاه کاسل، آلمان | ||
| چکیده | ||
| باوجود آنکه چرای دام به‌‌عنوان یک عامل ایجاد آشفتگی در بوم‌سازگان‌های جنگلی شناخته می‌‌شود، اما هنوز به درک بیشتری از چگونگی اثر آن بر ویژگی‌‌های خاک نیاز است. هدف از پژوهش پیش‌‌رو، بررسی اثر شدت چرا و نوع دام بر ویژگی‌‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک در جنگل‌‌های آرمرده شهرستان بانه بود. پنج منطقه که ازنظر نوع دام چراکننده و شدت چرا با یکدیگر تفاوت داشتند، انتخاب شدند. درمجموع، 68 نمونه خاک از عمق صفر تا 10 سانتی‌‌متری برداشت شد و مهم‌‌ترین ویژگی‌‌های آن‌ها شامل نیتروژن، کربن آلی، فسفر، پتاسیم، کلسیم، منیزیم، pH، هدایت الکتریکی، بافت خاک و کوبیدگی اندازه‌گیری شد. برای تجزیهوتحلیل داده‌ها از روش خطی تجزیهوتحلیل افزونگی (Redundancy Analysis) و از نرم‌افزار CANOCO استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که متغیرهای محیطی قادرند کل تغییرات را به‌مقدار 58/9 درصد تفسیر کنند. چهار متغیر شامل نرخ چرای دام در هکتار در فصل چرا، تیمار پنجم (بز مرخز + بز مو + گوسفند و گاو)، تیمار چهارم (بز مو + گوسفند) و تیپ وی‌‌ول- مازودار به‌‌عنوان مهم‌‌ترین متغیرها انتخاب شدند. این متغیرها در روش RDA 42/1 درصد از واریانس موجود در خاک را تشریح کردند. ویژگی‌‌های خاک در تیمار شاهد و تیمار دوم (بز مرخز با شدت کم) بیشترین شباهت را داشتند. به‌‌طور کلی، خاک در این مناطق از کوبیدگی کمتر و کربن آلی، ازت، پتاسیم و فسفر بیشتر برخوردار بود. درمقابل، تیمار پنجم با بیشترین شدت چرا و داشتن هر چهار نوع دام، بیشترین کوبیدگی و کمترین عناصر غذایی خاک را داشت. درمجموع میتوان گفت چرای بز مرخز با شدت کم، تأثیر کمتری بر ویژگی‌‌های شیمیایی و فیزیکی خاک در جنگل‌‌های مورد مطالعه داشت و میتوان از آن به‌‌عنوان گزینه سازگارتر با جنگل‌‌های بلوط زاگرس شمالی نام برد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آنالیز تطبیقی قوس‌‌گیری‌‌شده؛ بز مرخز؛ جنگل بلوط؛ کوبیدگی خاک؛ نرخ چرای دام | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of grazing intensity and type of livestock on physical and chemical properties of forest soil (Case study: Armardeh Forest, Baneh, Iran) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Sara Sadeghi1؛ Kyumars Mohammadi Samani2؛ Vahid Hosseini3؛ Zahed Shakeri4 | ||
| 1MSc. Graduated in Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Natural Resources. University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, I. R. Iran | ||
| 2Corresponding author, Assistant Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran | ||
| 3Assistant Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran | ||
| 4Social-Ecological interactions in Agricultural Systems, University of Goettingen and University of Kassel, Germany | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Although livestock grazing is known as a historic disturbance in forest ecosystems, but we still need more understanding about how it can affect soil properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of grazing intensity and type of livestock on the physical and chemical properties of soil in the Armardeh forests, Baneh County in the Kurdistan Province. Therefore, five areas were selected with different grazing intensity and livestock types. In total, 68 soil samples from 0-10 cm depth were taken and the most important physical and chemical soil factors including N, P, K, SOM, soil texture, and compaction were measured. Redundancy Analysis (RDA) method and CANOCO software were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that environmental variables are able to interpret 58.9% of the total variation. Four variables including stocking rate in grazing season, (Maraz goat+Mo goat+ sheep and cow), Mo goat+sheep, and finally Q. libani-Q. infectoria forest-type were selected as the most important variables in forward selection of RDA and responsible for 42.1% of total variation. Soil properties showed the most similarity between control and second treatment (Maraz goat with low-density grazing) and with generally lower soil compaction and higher SOM, N, K and P. On the contrary, the fifth treatment had the highest soil compaction and the lowest soil nutrient level. In conclusion, Maraz goat associated with low-intensity grazing rate caused lower effects on physical and chemical properties of soil in the study area and it can be recommended to local herder as a better adapted livestock to the Zagros oak forests. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Maraz goat, oak forest, redundancy analysis, soil compaction, stocking rate | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Alilou, F., Keivan Behjou, F., Sheidai Karkaj, E., Ahmadkhani, R. and Motamedi, J., 2017. Effects of livestock grazing management on ecosystem functuonal and structural features of Khoy mountainous rangelands. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 24(3): 596-609 (In Persian). - Anonymous, 2013. The forest management plan for Armardeh district (Kurdistan Province, Baneh). Faulty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 124p (In Persian). - Bahmani, H., Tahmoorespur, M., Aslaminejad, A.S., Vatankhah, M. and Rashidi, A., 2015. Simulating past dynamics and assessing current status of markhoz goat population on its habitat. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 5(2): 347-354. - Drewry, J.J., Lowe, J.A.H and Paton, R.J., 1999. Effect of sheep stocking intensity on soil physical properties and dry matter production on a Pallic Soil in Southland. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 42(4): 493-499. - Ebrahimi, M., Khosravi, H. and Rigi, M., 2016. Short-term grazing exclusion from heavy livestock rangelands affects vegetation cover and soil properties in natural ecosystems of southeastern Iran. Ecological Engineering, 95: 10-18. - Fattahi, M., 1994. The study of Zagros’ oak forests and their main degradation causes. Published by Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, 63p (In Persian). - Ghaderzadeh, S., Shakeri, Z., Hosseini, V. and Maroofi, H., 2015. Determination of environmental factors affecting the distribution of plant species in northern Zagros forests (Case study: Armardeh Forest, Baneh). Iranian Journal of Forest, 7(3): 299-315 (In Persian). - Ghazanfari, H., Namiranian, M., Sobhani, H. and Mohajer, R.M., 2004. Traditional forest management and its application to encourage publice participation for sustainable forest management in the northern Zagros Mountains of Kurdistan Province, Iran. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 19(S4): 65-71. - Ghorbani, N., Raiesi, F. and Ghorbani, Sh., 2013. Influence of livestock grazing on the distribution of organic carbon, total nitrogen and carbon mineralization within primary particle-size fractions in Shayda rangelands with cropping history. Journal of Water and Soil Science, 23(1): 209-222 (In Persian). - Hossein Jafari, S., Tatian, M., Tamrtash, R. and Karimian, A., 2014. Investigating the effect of grazing animal type on vegetation and soil using multivariate analysis method. Scientific Journal of Rangeland, 8(2): 192-200 (In Persian). - Islam, M., Razzaq, A., Gul, S., Ahmad, S., Muhammad, T., Hassan, S., Rischkowsky, B., Ibrahim, M.N.M. and Louhaichi, M., 2018. Impact of grazing on soil, vegetation and ewe production performances in a semi-arid rangeland. Journal of Mountain Science, 15(4): 685-694. - Jafari Haghighi, M., 2003. Methods of Soil Analysis: Sampling and Important Physical & Chemical Analysis. Nedaye Zoha Press, Sari, 236p (In Persian). - Jazirehi, M.H. and Ebrahimi Rostaghi, M., 2003. Silviculture in Zagros. University of Tehran Press, Tehran, 560p (In Persian). - Jeddi, K. and Chaieb, M., 2010. Changes in soil properties and vegetation following livestock grazing exclusion in degraded arid environments of South Tunisia. Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants, 205(3): 184-189. - Kohandel, A., Arzani, H. and Hosseini Tavasol, M., 2011. Effect of grazing intensity on soil and vegetation characterstics using principle component analysis. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 17(4): 518-526 (In Persian). - Peco, B., Navarro, E., Carmona, C.P., Medinac, N.G and Marques, M.J., 2017. Effects of grazing abandonment on soil multifunctionality: The role of plant functional traits. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 249: 215-225. - Pei, S., Fu, H. and Wan, C., 2008. Changes in soil properties and vegetation following exclosure and grazing in degraded Alxa desert steppe of Inner Mongolia, China. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 124(1-2): 33-39. - Pourhashemi, M., Zande Basiri, P. and Panahi, P., 2012. Evaluation of visual surveys to estimate acorn production of Gall oak (Quercus infectoria Olivier) in Baneh. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 20(2): 243-255 (In Persian). - Salehzadeh, J., Es’haghi Rad and Maroofi, H. 2016. The effect of anthropogenic disturbance on flora and plant diversity in oak forests of west (Baneh city). Forest Research and Development, 2(3): 219-240 (In Persian). - Salvati, L. and Carlucci, M., 2015. Towards sustainability in agro-forest systems? Grazing intensity, soil degradation and the socioeconomic profile of rural communities in Italy. Ecological Economics, 112: 1-13. - Schmidt, K., 2009. Gobekli Tepe: eine Beschreibung der wichtigsten Befunde erstellt nach den Arbeiten der Grabngsteams der Jahre 1995-2007: 187-223. In: Schmidt, K. (Ed.). Erste Tempel - Frühe Siedlugen: 12000 Jahre Kunst und Kultur. Ausgrabungen und Forschungen zwischen Donau und Euphrat. Isensee Verlag, Oldenburg, 223p (In Germany). - Seyed Sharifi, R., Badbarin, N. and Hydaeat, N., 2017. Investigation for QTL affecting body weight traits and their pleiotropic effects on chromosome 2 of Markhoz goats. Journal of Animal Production, 18(4): 661-670 (In Persian). - Shakeri, Z., 2006. Ecological and silvicultural effects of Galazani in northern Zagros oak forests. M.Sc. thesis, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 66p (In Persian). - Shakeri, Z., Marvi Mohajer, M.R., Etemad, V. and Namiraninan, J., 2008. Qualitative investigation of Gall Oak (Quercus infectoria Oliv.) acorns in untouched and pruned forest stands of Baneh (Kurdistan province, N-W Iran). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 16(1): 99-111 (In Persian). - Sharrow, S.H., 2007. Soil compaction by grazing livestock in silvopastures as evidenced by changes in soil physical properties. Agroforestry Systems, 71(3): 215-223. - Sheidai Karkaj, E., Mofidi Chelan, M., Akbarlou, M. and Motamedi, J., 2013. Investigation on changes in soil organic matter and nutrient elements under various grazing intensities (Case study: Chaharbagh mountain rangelands of Golestan province). Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Reseach, 20(4): 720-732 (In Persian). - Sigcha, F., Pallavicini, Y., Camino, M.J. and Martínez-Ruiz, C., 2018. Effects of short-term grazing exclusion on vegetation and soil in early succession of a Subhumid Mediterranean reclaimed coal mine. Plant and Soil, 426(1-2): 197-209. - Sternberg, M., Gutman, M., Perevolotsky, A., Ungar, E.D. and Kigel, J., 2000, Vegetation response to grazing management in a Mediterranean herbaceous community: a functional group approach. Journal of Applied Ecology, 37(2): 224-237. - Tessema, Z.K., de Boer, W.F., Baars, R.M.T. and Prins, H.H.T., 2011. Changes in soil nutrients, vegetation structure and herbaceous biomass in response to grazing in a semi-arid savanna of Ethiopia. Journal of Arid Environments, 75(7): 662-670. - Thorne, M.S. and Stevenson, M.H., 2007. Stocking rate: The most important tool in the toolbox. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Mānoa, Hawaii,10p. - Wen, D., He, N. and Zhang, J., 2016. Dynamics of soil organic carbon and aggregate stability with grazing exclusion in the Inner Mongolian grasslands. PLoS One, 11(1): e0146757. - Zhao, J., Sun, F. and Tian, L., 2019. Altitudinal pattern of grazing exclusion effects on vegetation characteristics and soil properties in alpine grasslands on the central Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 19(2): 750-761. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 867 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 511 |
||