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کارایی مدیریت شیمیایی علفهای هرز در نظام‌های کشاورزی رایج و حفاظتی منطقه سرد خراسان رضوی | ||
| دانش علفهای هرز ایران | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 15، شماره 2، آذر 1398، صفحه 1-14 اصل مقاله (569.51 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijws.2019.1502.01 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد حسن هادیزاده* 1؛ حمیدرضا شریفی2؛ سید حسین ترابی3 | ||
| 1عضو هیات علمی بخش تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی | ||
| 2عضو هیات علمی بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی. مشهد ایران | ||
| 3محقق بخش تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی مشهد ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| کاربرد شخم حفاظتی با حفظ بقایا میتواند پاسخی به نگرانی اصلی در مورد از بین رفتن خاک باشد. این پژوهش، به منظور بررسی تأثیر روشهای مختلف خاکورزی و میزان بقایای گیاهی، بر کارایی مبارزه شیمیایی علفهای هرز، در مزرعه تحقیقاتی جلگه رخ (خراسان رضوی) طی سالهای زراعی 95-93، در قالب طرح کرتهای دوبار خردشده با سه تکرار و در تناوب چغندر قند، جو، ذرت، گندم اجرا شد. کرتهای اصلی، سه روش خاکورزی متداول، کم خاک ورزی و بیخاکورزی و کرتهای فرعی، شامل مدیریت بدون بقایا، حفظ 30 درصد و حفظ 60 درصد بقایای محصول بود. مهار شیمیایی، مهار دستی و تیمار بدون مهار علفهای هرز، در کرتهای فرعی دوم قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد علف‌کشهای چغندرقند، باعث کاهش معنی دار تراکم (31 درصد) و وزن خشک (57 درصد) علفهای‌هرز و افزایش معنی دار عملکرد (64 درصد)، نسبت به شاهد شد اما نتوانست از کاهش معنی دار عملکرد ریشه چغندرقند در دو نظام حفاظتی در مقایسه با نظام رایج جلوگیری کند. اثر خاکورزی، بقایا و مبارزه شیمیایی بر عملکرد جو معنی دار نشد و از این نظر، گیاه زراعی جو، در نظام حفاظتی، مطلوب ارزیابی شد. خاکورزی رایج در ذرت، موجب کاهش معنی دار علفهای هرز (83 درصد نسبت به بی خاک ورزی) شد. عملکرد دانه ذرت در نظام خاکورزی رایج و کم خاکورزی (به ترتیب 53/3 و 33/4 تن در هکتار)، نسبت به نظام بی خاکورزی (14/3 تن در هکتار)، به طور معنی داری افزایش یافت. مبارزه شیمیایی با علفهای‌هرز، موجب افزایش معنیدار عملکرد ذرت (23 درصد نسبت به شاهد بدون وجین)، همسطح با وجین دستی شد. در گندم، بهترین عملکرد دانه در نظام کم خاکورزی، وجود 30 درصد بقایا و مبارزه شیمیایی با علفهای‌هرز به دست آمد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بی خاکورزی؛ تراکم؛ عملکرد؛ کم خاکورزی؛ وزن خشک | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Chemical management efficacy in conventional and conservation agricultural systems at cold region of Khorasan-Razavi | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Hassan Hadizadeh1؛ Hamidreza Sharifi2؛ Seyed Hossein Torabi3 | ||
| 1Assistant professor of Plant Protection Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Khorasan-e-Razavi | ||
| 2Associate professor of Agronomical and Horticultural Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Khorasan-e-Razavi | ||
| 3Plant Protection Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Khorasan-e-Razavi, Masshad, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Conservation agricultural systems may considred as a solution to loosing arable soil in conventional system. We studied the effects of conservative agricultural systems compared to conventional systems on chemical weed control efficacy at the farm of Jolgeh-Rokh research station, Khorasan Razavi province, during 2014-2017. Crop rotaton was sugarbeet-barley-corn-wheat. The experimental designe was randomized complete block design aggranged in split-split plot with three replacations. Treatments were three types of tillage (conventional, reduced and no-tillage) as main plot; crop residue percentage (left on the ground from previous crop in rotation; 0, 30 and 60 percent) as sub plot and methods of weed control (hand weeding, recommended herbicide and check plots) as sub-sub plot. The results showed that application of herbicides significantly decreased weed dry matter (57%) and weed density (31%) and increased sugar beet root yield (64%) compare to the weedy check; however, weed reduction was not enough to prevent root yield loss in conservational tillage systems. Residue levels showed no significant effects on root yield of sugarbeet. The effects of tillage systems, levels of residues and even chemical control did not affect the grain yield of barley, despite the effects on weeds. Tillage in corn significantly decreased the weeds (83% to no-tillage); as a result, corn grain yield increased significantly in conventional and reduced tillage systems (3.53-ton ha-1 and 4.33-ton ha-1, respectively) compared to the no-tillage system (3.14-ton ha-1). Different levels of plant residues had no effect on corn yield, but chemically weed control caused a significant increase of yield (23%) as much as manual weeding treatment. Reduced tillage system with 30 percent of the residues and the chemical control of weeds was the best treatment for grain yield of wheat. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Density, dry weight, minimum tillage, no tillage, yield | ||
| مراجع | ||
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