| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,073 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,300 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 47,098,016 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 78,005,849 |
اثر سن و تجربه بر رفتار کاوشگری زنبورFopius carpomyiae ، پارازیتوئید مگس میوه کُنارCarpomyia vesuviana | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاهپزشکی | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 6، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 12، اسفند 1397، صفحه 67-79 اصل مقاله (234.58 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2019.120452 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سید رضا گلستانه1؛ فرحان کچیلی* 1؛ آرش راسخ1؛ مهدی اسفندیاری1؛ محمد ابراهیم فراشیانی2 | ||
| 1گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران | ||
| 2مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| زنبورهای پارازیتوئید اغلب براساس شرایط فیزیولوژیکی یا محیطی، رفتار کاوشگری خود را تنظیم می‌کنند. در این مطالعه اثر سن و تجربه بر رفتار کاوشگری زنبورFopius carpomyiae Silvestri، پارازیتوئید مگس میوه کُنار Carpomyia vesuviana Costa مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. به این منظور جمعیت هم‌سن زنبور در دو گروه سنی 7-8 و 12-13 روزگی تشکیل و زنبورهای ماده جفت‌گیری‌کرده به‌طور انفرادی روی میوه کُنار آلوده به یک دسته تخم مگس میوه رهاسازی شدند و انواع رفتارها و زمان تخصیص یافته به آنها به‌وسیله مشاهده پیوسته، تعیین شد. در آزمایش بعدی، زنبورهای این دو گروه سنی، پس از 24 ساعت مواجهه با تخم میزبان به محدوده حضور میزبان معرفی و رفتارهای کاوشگری آنها با زنبورهای بدون تجربه مقایسه شد. زنبورهای ماده مسن‌تر به‌طور معنی‌داری مدت زمان بیشتری (5 دقیقه و 48 ثانیه) را نسبت به زنبورهای جوان‌تر (5 دقیقه و 13 ثانیه) در محدوده حضور میزبان ماندند، اما با توجه به عدم اختلاف معنی‌دار (636/0P=) در مدت زمان تخم‌گذاری (28/9±7/144 در مقابل 88/8±4/146 ثانیه)، درصد پارازیتیسم زنبورهای جوان (2/3±2/39) در مقایسه با زنبورهای مسن‌تر (5/3±5/38) تفاوت معنی‌داری نشان نداد (844/0P=). نتایج نشان داد که تجربه قبلی مواجهه با میزبان تأثیری روی مدت زمان حضور نداشت، اما این زنبورها مدت زمان بیشتری را به رفتار تخم‌گذاری اختصاص دادند و تعداد دفعات و همچنین نرخ بروز این رفتار در آنها به‌طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از زنبورهای بدون تجربه بود. این تفاوت منجر به افزایش معنی‌دار (045/0P=) درصد پارازیتیسم در زنبورهای با تجربه (8/2±5/46) در مقایسه با زنبورهای بدون تجربه (2/3±2/39) شد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بوشهر؛ خوزستان؛ دسته تخم؛ محدوده حضور میزبان | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The influence of age and experience on foraging behavior of Fopius carpomyiae, a parasitoid of ber fruit fly, Carpomyia vesuviana | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Seyed Reza Golestaneh1؛ Farhan Kocheili1؛ Arash Rasekh1؛ Mehdi Esfandiari1؛ Mohammad Ebrahim Farashiani2 | ||
| 1Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran | ||
| 2Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Foraging parasitoids often adjust their foraging behavior according to the conditions they encounter. In this study the effects of age and experience on foraging and oviposition behaviors of Fopius carpomyiae Silvestri, was studied on ber fruit fly, Carpomyia vesuviana Costa. For this purpose, synchronous cohorts of F. carpomyiae were established in two age groups (7-8, and 12-13 days old). Then, the mated females (naïve females) in both ages were released individually into Petri dishes containing a ber fruit with a batch of eggs of ber fruit fly. Each female (n= 20) was observed continuously under a stereomicroscope while all distinguishable behavioral events of its foraging (the time of onset and duration) were recorded in the patch. In another experiment, the female wasps (7-8 days old), were exposed individually to a batch of host eggs on ber fruit flies, in the experimental patch for 24 h (experienced females). Results revealed that older females spent longer time in patches (5.48 min) compared with that of younger females (5.13 min). However, the average time of oviposition behavior (144.7±9.3 versus 146.4±8.9 s / female, respectively; P= 0.636) and percent parasitism (38.5±3.5 versus 39.2±3.2%, respectively; P= 0.84) were not significantly different between two age groups of female wasps. There was no significant difference in patch staying times of naïve and experienced females, nevertheless, the later allocated more time to ovipositing behavior and had significantly higher frequency and ratio of this behavior compared with those of former. In general, experienced females parasitized more host eggs compared to that of naïve females (46.5±2.8 versus 39.2±3.2%, parasitized eggs / female, respectively; P= 0.045). | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Bushehr, Khuzestan, batch of eggs, host patch | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abaei, M. 2009. List of pests of forest trees & shrubs of Iran. Plant pests and diseases research institute, Tehran. (In Persian with English summary). Bautista, R.C., Harris, E.J. & Lawrence, P.O. 1998. Biology and rearing of the fruit fly parasitoid Biosteres arisanus: clues to insectary propagation. Entomologica Experimentalis et Applicata, 89: 79–86. Chow, A. & Mackauer, M. 1992. The influence of prior ovipositional experience on host selection in four species of aphidiid wasps (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). Journal of Insect Behavior, 5: 99–108. Collins, M.D. & Dixon, A.F.G. 1986. The effect of egg depletion on the foraging behavior of an aphid parasitoid. Journal of Applied Entomology, 102: 342–352. Crawley, M.J. 1993. GLIM for Ecologists. Blackwell Scientific Press. Oxford, UK. Dukas, R. & Duan, J.J. 2000. Potential fitness consequences of associative learning in a parasitoid wasp. Behavorial Ecology, 11: 536–543. Farrar, N., Askary, H., Golestaneh, S.R, Karampour, F. & Haghani, M. 2011. Study on parasitism of Carpomya vesuviana Costa (Diptera: Tephritidae) by Fopius carpomyiae (Silvestri) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Bushehr Province. Journal of Plant Pests Research, 1: 1–9. (In Persian with English summary). Farrar, N. & Chou, L.Y. 2000. Introduction of Fopius carpomyiae Silvestri (Braconidae: Opiinae), as a parasitoid of ber fruitfly larvae Carpomya vesuviana Costa (Tephritidae), in Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 67: 27–28. Farrar, N., Golestaneh, S.R., Askari, H. & Asareh, M.H. 2009. Studies on Parasitism of Fopius carpomyie (Silvestri) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an Egg-Pupal Parasitoid of Ber (Konar) Fruit Fly, Carpomyia vesuviana Costa (Diptera: Tephritidae), in Bushehr – Iran. Acta Horticulture. 840, ISHS 2009. pp: 430–438. Farrar, N., Mohammadi, M. & Golestaneh, S.R. 2003. Biology of the ber fruitfly, Carpomya vesuviana (Dip.: Tephritidae) and identification of natural enemies in Bushehr province. Iranian Journal of forest and range protection, 1: 1–25. (In Persian with English summary). Godfray, H.C.J. 1994. Parasitoids: Behavioural and Evolutionary Ecology, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. Golestaneh, S.R., Kocheili, F., Rasekh, A., Esfandiari, M. & Farashiani, M.E. 2018. A survey on foraging behavior of Fopius carpomyiae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of ber fruit fly Carpomyia vesuviana (Diptera: Tephritidae). Plant Protection (Scientific Journal of Agriculture), 41: 73–85. (In Persian with English summary). Goncalves, R.S., Manoukis, N.C & Nava, D.E. 2017. Effect of Fopius arisanus oviposition experience on parasitization of Bactrocera dorsalis. BioControl, 62: 595–602. Goubault, M., Outreman, Y., Poinsot D. & Cortesero, A.M. 2005. Patch exploitation strategies of parasitic wasps under intraspecific competition. Behavioral Ecology, 16: 693–701. Hawkins, B.A. & Marino, P.C. 1997. The colonization of native phytophagous insects in North America by exotic parasitoids. Oecologia, 112: 566–571. Howarth, F.G. 1991. Environmental impacts of classical biological control. Annual Review of Entomology, 36: 485–509. Latifian, M. & Ahmadi, A.R. 2005. Final report of research project: the identification of pests and diseases of Konar in Khuzestan province. Horticultural sciences research institute. (In Persian with English summary). Luck, R.F. 1990. Evaluation of natural enemies for biological control: a behavioral approach. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 5: 196–199. Michaud, J.P. & Mackauer M. 1995. Oviposition behavior of Monoctonus paulensis (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae): factors influencing reproductive allocation to hosts and host patches. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 88: 220–226. Minkenberg, O., Tatar, M. & Rosenheim, J.A. 1992. Eggload as a major source of variability in insect foraging and oviposition behavior. Oikos, 65: 134–142. Pilson, D. & Rausher, M.D. 1988. Clutch size adjustment by a swallowtail butterfly. Nature (London), 333: 361–363. Rasekh, A., Kharazi Pakdel, A., Allahyari, H. & Michaud, J.P. 2010. The effect of experience and age on foraging behavior of a thelytokous parasitoid, Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) on Aphis fabae Scopoli. Journal of plant protection, 24(2): 187–195. (In Persian with English summary). Roitberg, B., Sircom, J., Roitberg, C.A., van Alphen, J. & Mangel, M. 1993. Life expectancy and reproduction. Nature, 364: 108. Sait, S.M., Begon, M., Thompson, D.J., Harvey, J.A. & Halls, R.S. 1997. Factors affecting host selection in an insect host parasitoid interaction. Ecological Entomology, 22: 225–230. Simberloff, D. & Stiling, P. 1996. How risky is biological control? Ecology, 77: 1965–1974. Simbolotti, G., Putters, F.A. & Van Den Assem, J. 1987. Rates of attack and control of the offspring sex ratio in the parasitic wasp Lariophagus distirguendus in an environment where host quality varies. Behaviour, 100: 1–32. SPSS Inc. 1998. SPSS 8.0 forWindows. Prentice Hall, SPSS Inc, NJ. Thiel A. & Hoffmeister, T.S. 2004. Knowing your habitat: linking patch-encounter rate and patch exploitation in parasitoids. Behavioral Ecology, 15: 419–425. Thiel A. & Driessen, G. 2006. Different habitats, different habits? Response to foraging information in the parasitic wasp Venturia canescens. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 59: 614–623. Tanaka, N., Steiner, L.F., Ohinata, K. & Okamoto, R. 1969. Low-cost larval rearing medium for mass production of Oriental and Mediterranean fruit fly. Journal Economic Entomology, 62: 967–968. Vadivelu, K. 2014. Biology and management of ber fruit fly, Carpomyia vesuviana Costa (Diptera: Tephritidae): A review. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 9(16): 1310–1317. Van Alphen, J.J.M. & Vet, L.E.M. 1986. An evolutionary approach to host finding and selection. In Waage, J. K., and Greathead, D. (eds.), Insect Parasitoids, Academic Press, London. Vet, L.E.M., Lewis, W.J., Papaj, D.R. & Van Lenteren, J.C. 1990. Avariable response model for parasitoid foraging behavior. Journal of Insect Behavior, 3: 471–490. Vos, M., Hemerik, L. & Vet, L.E.M. 1998. Patch exploitation by the parasitoids Cotesia rubecula and Cotesia glomerata in multi-patch environments with different host distributions. Journal of Animal Ecology, 67: 774–783. Waage, J.K. 1979. Foraging for patchily distributed hosts by the parasitoid, Nemeritis canescens. Journal of Animal Ecology, 48: 353–371. Wang, X.G. & Keller, M.A. 2002. A comparison of the host-searching efficiency of two larval parasitoids of Plutella xylostella. Ecological Entomology, 27: 105–114. Wang, X.G. & Messing, R.H. 2003. Foraging Behavior and Patch Time Allocation by Fopius arisanus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an Egg-Larval Parasitoid of Tephritid Fruit Flies. Journal of Insect Behavior, 16(5): 593–612. Weisser, W.W. 1994. Age-dependent foraging behaviour and host-instar preference of the aphid parasitoid Lysiphlebus cardui. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 70: 1–10. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 592 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 512 |
||