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تاثیر نوع شیاربازکن و موقعیت چرخ فشار بر کارایی ماشین کاشت مستقیم در زراعت گندم | ||
| تحقیقات سامانه‌ها و مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 21، شماره 75، آذر 1399، صفحه 65-80 اصل مقاله (1.3 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/erams.2019.126872.1321 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| مجید روزبه* | ||
| استادیار بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| نوع شیاربازکن و موقعیت چرخهای فشار در کارندههای کاشت مستقیم میتواند تاثیر زیادی بر جوانهزنی محصول در سامانههای خاکورزی حفاظتی داشته باشد. این موضوع به ویژه در بخشهایی از جنوب استان فارس مهم است که کشتهای سالیانه دو محصولی گندم-ذرت با بقایای زراعی زیاد دارند. در مطالعۀ مزرعهای تاثیر نوع شیاربازکن و بودن یا نبودن چرخهای فشار بر کارایی ماشین کاشت مستقیمدر کشت گندم مقایسه و ارزیابی شد.تیمارهای آزمایش شامل خطیکار کاشت مستقیم گندم با شیاربازکن کاردی بدون چرخ فشار، خطیکار کاشت مستقیم گندم با شیاربازکن کاردی با چرخ فشار، خطیکار کاشت مستقیم گندم با شیاربازکن بشقابی بدون چرخ فشار، خطیکار کاشت مستقیم گندم با شیاربازکن بشقابی با چرخ فشار و خطیکار مرسوم با شیاربازکن کفشکی و با چرخ فشار بود. نتایج آزمایشها نشان داد که نوع شیاربازکن و بود یا نبود چرخ فشار، تأثیر معنیداری بر عمق کاشت، یکنواختی عمق کاشت، سرعت جوانهزنی و عملکرد گندم دارد. استفاده از کارندۀ مجهز به شیاربازکن کاردی، موجب افزایش متوسط عمق کاشت به میزان 4/36 درصد نسبت به کارندۀ نوع بشقابی شد. بیشترین میزان یکنواختی عمق کاشت گندم مربوط به شرایطی بود که کارندۀ مجهز به شیاربازکن بشقابی به کار گرفته شده بود. یافتهها همچنین نشان داد که به کارگیری شیاربازکن کاردی و بشقابی بدون چرخ فشار، در مقایسه با کارندههای مجهز به چرخ فشار سرعت جوانهزنی را به شکلی معنیدار افزایش داده است. مقایسۀ میانگینها نشان داد که عملکرد گندم وقتی کارندههای مجهز به شیاربازکن کاردی و بشقابی بدون چرخ فشار، در مقایسه با کارندههای مجهز به چرخ فشار، به کار گرفته شدهاند به ترتیب 7/11 و 2/14 درصد افزایش دارد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بقایای ذرت؛ بی خاک ورزی؛ سرعت جوانه زنی؛ عمق کاشت؛ عملکرد گندم | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of Furrow Opener Type and Press Wheel Configuration on Direct Drill Planter Performance in Wheat Cropping | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| M. Rouzbeh | ||
| Assistant Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The furrow opener type and press wheel configuration in no-till seeders can have a major effect on crop emergence in conservation tillage systems. This is particularly important in southern regions of Fars province where in annual double-cropping systems (winter wheat and summer maize) a large volumes of maize residue remain on the soil surface. A field study was conducted to determine the effects of furrow opener type and press wheel configuration on sowing performance and subsequent wheat yield in rotation with corn. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in four replications. The treatments consisted of four different configurations for no-till seeder: no-till seeder with tine opener without press wheel (Notill.1), no-till with tine opener and press wheel (Notill.2), no-till with disk opener without press wheel (Notill.3), no-till with disk opener and press wheel (Notill.4), and conventional planter with shoe opener, and press wheel (Con.Drill). The results showed that furrow opener type and press wheel configuration had a significant effect on planting depth, speed of emergence, depth uniformity and crop yield. The Notill.1 and Notill.2 treatments increased sowing depth by 36.4% compared to Notill.4 and Notill.3 treatments. The highest depth uniformity was observed in Notill.3 and then in Notill.4 treatments,. The findings revealed that upon removing the press wheel from the seeding unit, higher speed in emergence was found in both the disk and tine opener treatments (Notill.1, Notill.3), compared to press wheel treatments (Notill.2, Notill.4). A comparison of mean values wheat yield showed that when the press wheel was not used, the Notill.1 and Notill.3 treatments caused increasing in crop yield by 11.7% and 14.2% as compared to Notill.2 and Notill.4 treatments, respectively. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Corn Residue, Direct Drilling, Speed Emergence, Sowing Depth, Wheat Yield | ||
| مراجع | ||
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