| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,034 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,939 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 45,350,376 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 65,538,993 |
تعیین مقدار بهینه کمپوست دامی به منظور مهار کردن رواناب و هدررفت خاک تحت باران شبیه سازی شده | ||
| پژوهش های آبخیزداری | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 32، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 125، دی 1398، صفحه 19-33 اصل مقاله (857.45 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/wmej.2019.123704.1160 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| لیلا غلامی* 1؛ کاکا شاهدی2؛ عطاالله کاویان3 | ||
| 1استادیار گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی ساری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی ساری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران | ||
| 3استاد گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی ساری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| با توجه به اینکه خاک زیادی از سطح آبخیز، توسط عوامل فرسایشی از دسترس خارج میگردد. کاربرد روشهای مدیریتی برای مهار کردن هدررفت خاک لازم است. بنابراین، استفاده از افزودنیهای قابل دسترس، اقتصادی و دوستدار محیطزیست میتواند در مهار کردن رواناب و هدررفتن خاک راهکار مناسبی باشد. از طرفی، حفاظت آب و خاک نیازمند به تعیین مقدار بهینهی افزودنیهای خاک است تا علاوه بر کاهش هزینهها از آلودگیهای آب با کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی نیز جلوگیری شود. با وجود این، تعیین مقدار بهینهی افزودنیهای مختلف خاک با هدف کمّیسازی اثر آنها بر مؤلفههای رواناب و هدررفت خاک کمتر توجه شده است. بر همین اساس، در این پژوهش، تأثیر کاربرد مقادیر مختلف کمپوست کود دامی معادل 2/25، 4/5، 9/0 و 18/0 تن در هکتار بر میزان رواناب و هدررفت خاک از کرتهای آزمایشی با مساحت 0/5 مترمربع، شیب 20 درصد، با استفاده از شدت بارش50 میلیمتر بر ساعت به مدت 10 دقیقه در یک خاک کشاورزی جمعآوری شده از شهرستان ساری در سال 1396 انجام پذیرفت. نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل آماری دلالت بر اثر معنیدار مقادیر مختلف کمپوست کود دامی بر افزایش زمان شروع رواناب و کاهش حجم و ضریب رواناب، هدررفت خاک و غلظت رسوب در سطح 99% داشتند. همچنین، بررسی اثر حفاظتی و گروهبندی مقادیر مختلف کمپوست کود دامی نشان داد که کمپوست با مقدار 9/0 تن در هکتار به دلیل اثر یکسان آن با مقدار 18/0 تن در هکتار بر تغییرات ضریب رواناب و غلظت رسوب، مقدار مذکور را میتوان بهعنوان مقدار بهینه و کاربردی در شرایط طبیعی پیشنهاد داد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| افزودنی آلی خاک؛ تغییرات غلظت رسوب؛ مقدار بهینهی کمپوست؛ مهار فرسایش آبی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Determination of Optimum Composted Manure Application Rate for Erosion Control for Runoff and Soil loss under Simulated Rainfall | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Leila Gholami1؛ Kaka Shahedi2؛ Ataollah Kavian3 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran | ||
| 3Professor, Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Given that, a lot of soil lost from watershed area by erosion factors. The application of management methods is necessary for soil loss control. Therefore, the use of the available, economical and environmentally friendly conditioners can be the suitable approach in soil loss and runoff control. On the other hand, the soil and water conservation need to the suitable amount determination of soil conditioners to be in addition to reducing costs, from water contaminants prevented with application of chemical fertilizers. However, the optimum amount determination of soil various conditioners with quantifying aim of this effect less attended on runoff and soil loss components. Accordingly, in this study, the effect of various amounts of manure compost with rates of 2.25, 4.5, 9.0 and 18.0 t ha-1 on amount of runoff and soil loss from experimental plot with area of 0.5 m2, slope of 20 percent, was conducted using rainfall intensity of 50 mm h-1 for duration of 10 min in agricultural soil that it collected from Sari province in year 2018. The results of statistical analysis indicated on the significant effect of various amounts of manure compost on changes of increasing time to runoff and decreasing runoff volume and coefficient, soil loss and sediment concentration in level of 99 percent. Also, the study of conservation effect and grouping various amount of manure compost showed that the compost with rate of 9.0 t ha-1 for the same effect with amount of 18.0 t ha-1 on changing runoff coefficient and sediment concentration can suggest as the optimum and practical amount in natural conditions. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Amount of compost optimum, changes of sediment concentration, soil organic conditioner, water erosion control | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Adekalu KO, Olorunfemi IA, Osunbitan JA. 2007. Grass mulching effect on infiltration, surface runoff and soil loss of three agricultural soils in Nigeria. Bioresource Technology, 98: 912–917. Akbarini A, Ghalavand A, Hamasebi Servestan Z, Sharifi Ashorabadi E, Banj Shafiei Sh.1995. Effect of different nutrition systems on soil properties, elemental uptake and seed yield of Ajowan (Carum copticum). Pajouhesh and Sazandegi, 62: 11–19. Arnaez J, Lasanta T, Ruiz-Flano P, Ortigosa L. 2007. Factors affecting runoff and erosion under simulated rainfall in Mediterranean vineyards. Soil and Tillage Research, 93: 324–334. Arthur E, Cornelisa WM, Vermang J, De Rocker E.2011. Effect of compost on erodibility of loamy sand under simulated rainfall. Catena, 85: 67–72. 4. Blanco-Canqui H, Lal R. 2008. Principles of soil conservation and management. Springer Netherlands, Edition Number 1, 617 p. Cerda A. 1999. Parent material and vegetation affect soil erosion in eastern Spain. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 63:362–368. Dalzell HW, Riddlestone AJ, Gray KR, Thurairajan K.1987. Soil Management, Compost Production and Use in Tropical and Subtropical Environments. FAO, Land and Water Division, 186p. Defersha MB, Quraishi S, Mellese AM. 2011. The effect of slope steepness and antecedent moisture content on interrill erosion, runoff and sediment size distribution in the highlands of Ethiopia. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 15: 2367–2375. Doan TT, Henry-des-Tureaux T, Rumpel C, Janeau JL, Jouquet P. 2015. Impact of compost, vermicompost and biochar on soil fertility, maize yield and soil erosion in northern Vietnam: A three year mesocosm experiment. Science of the Total Environment, 514:147–154. Doan TT, Ngo PT, Rumpel C, Nguyen BV, Jouquet P. 2013. Interactions between compost, vermicompost and earthworms influence plant growth and yield: a one-year greenhouse experiment. Scientia Horticulture, 160: 148–154. Gholami L, Banasik K, Sadeghi SHR, Khaledi Darvishan AV, Hejduk L. 2014. Effectiveness of straw mulch on infiltration, splash erosion, runoff and sediment in laboratory conditions. Journal of Water Land and Development, 22: 51–60. Gholami L, Khaledi Darvishan A, Kavian A. 2016. Wood chips as soil conservation in field conditions. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 9: 729. Gholami L, Sadeghi SHR and Homaee M. 2013. Straw mulching effect on splash erosion, runoff and sediment yield from eroded plots. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 77: 268–278. Gholami L, Sadeghi SHR, Homaee M. 2015. Straw mulching effect on time to runoff and runoff coefficient. Iranian Journal of Water Research, 8 (15): 40–33. (In Persian). Gilley JE, Eghball B. 1998. Runoff and erosion following field application of beef cattle manure and compost. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 41(5):1289–1294. Gilley JE, Eghball B. 2002. Residual effects of compost and fertilizer applications on nutrients in runoff.biological systems engineering, Papers and Publications. Paper 22, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 45(6): 1905–1910. Hawke RM, Price AG, Bryan RB. 2006. The effect of initial soil water content and rainfall intensity on near-surface soil hydrologic conductivity: a laboratory investigation. Catena, 65:237–246. Heydari Z, Asadi H, Kavoosi M. 2016. Effect of Azolla compost and polyacrylamide on runoff and splash erosion of a saline-sodic soil. Iran-Watershed Management Science and Engineering, 10(33): 27–36. Herat HMK, Arbestain M C, Hedley M.2013. Effect of biochar on soil physical properties in two contrasting soils:an Alfisol and an Andisol. Geoderma, 209:188–197 Hse Z, Hao Jien Sh, Chien WH, Liou RC. 2014. Impacts of biochar on physical properties and erosion potential of a mudstone slope land soil. The Scientific World Journal, ID 602197, 10 p. Jodi Z, Movahedi N. 2007. Effect of zeoliet and compost on storage of soil moisture and evaporation. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 14(2):20–32. Kavian A, Mohamadi M, Falahi M, Gholami L. 2015. The effect of wheat straw on changes in start time and runoff coefficient in experimental plots under rain simulation, Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 72–80. (In Persian) Khaledi Darvishan A, Homayounfar V, Sadeghi SHR. 2016. The impact of standard preparation practice on the runoff and soil erosion rates under laboratory conditions. Solid Earth, 7: 1293–1302. Khaledi Darvishan A, Sadeghi SHR, Homaee M, Arabkhedri M. 2014. Measuring sheet erosion using synthetic color-contrast aggregates. Hydrological Processes, 28(15):4463–4471. Kukal SS, Sarkar M. 2010. Splash erosion and infiltration in relation to mulching and polyvinyalcohol application in semi-arid tropics. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 56(6): 697–705. Li XH, Zhang Zh Y, Yang J, Zhang GH Wang B.2011. Effects of Bahia grass cover and mulch on runoff and sediment yield of sloping red soil in southern China. Pedosphere, 21(2):238–243. Luk S.H. 1985. Effect of antecedent soil moisture content on rainwash erosion. Catena, 12, 129–139. Madejón E, López R, Murillo J M, Cabrera F. 2001. Agricultural use of three (sugar-beet) vinasse composts: effect on crops and chemical properties of a cambisol soil in the Guadalquivir River Valley (SW Spain). Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 84: 55–65. Martinez I A, Ramos, M C, Martinez-Casanovas J A. 2004. Effects of composted cattle manure on erosion rates and nutrient losses. http://www.bodenkunde2.uni-freiburg.de/eurosoil/abstracts/id321_Ramos_full.pdf. 8 p. Mbarki S, Cerdà A, Brestic M, Rai M, Abdelly C, Pascual JA. 2016. Vinyard compost supplemented with trichoderma hazianum T78 improvement saline soil quality. Land Degradation and Development, Accepted Article, DOI: 10.1002/ldr.2554, 31 p. Morgan RPC. 2005. Soil Erosion and Conservation. 3rd edition. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 304 p. Morris J. 2016. How composting, the complete composter”, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, PUBL-SW-182 93. 13 p. Available at: http://www.fitchburgwi.gov/DocumentCenter/View/284, Cited 28 July 2016. Ojeda G, Alcaniz J M, Ortiz O. 2003. Runoff and losses by erosion in soils amended with sewage sludge. Land Degradation and Development, 14: 563–573. Orts WJ, Glenn G M, Nobes GAR. 2000. Use of natural polymer flocculating agents to control agricultural soil loss. Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, 217:366–386. Pajuohesh M, Refahi HGh, Zehtabian GhR, Salehpour Jam A, Kianian MK. 2008. Effects of various super absorbent concentrations on runoff volume in slopes and various intensity of simulated rainfall in Shahrekord plain. Desert, 12: 121–128. Paul JW. 2013. Feasibility using compost in raspberry production: A preliminary review and economic analysis of materials and processes available in the fraser valley. Agriculture and Agri- Food Canada, 71 p. Ramos M C, Martinez-Casasnovas JA. 2006. Erosion rates and nutrient losses affected by composted cattle manure application in vineyard soils of NE Spain. Catena, 68:177–185. Ruiz--Sinoga JD, Romero-Diaz A, Ferre-Bueno E, Martinez-Murillo JF. 2010. The role of soil surface conditions in regulating runoff and erosion processes on a metamorphic hillslope (Southern Spain) soil surface conditions, runoff and erosion in southern Spain. Catena, 80:131–139. Sadeghi SHR, Gholami L, Sharifi E, Khaledi Darvishan A, Homaee M. 2015a. Scale effect on runoff and soil loss control using rice straw mulch under laboratory conditions. Solid Earth, 6:1–8. Sadeghi SHR, Hashemi Aryan Z, Karimi Z. 2015b. Runoff and soil loss control using Vermicompost and Vinas combination. Water Recovery Journal, 2 (1): 91–81. (In Persian). Sadeghi SHR, Hazbavi Z, Gholami L, Khaledi Darvishan AV. 2017. Soil and water conservation with the use of additives.Tarbiat Modares University Press.467 p. (In Persian). Stocking MA. 1986. The cost of soil erosion in Zimbabwe in terms of loss of three major nutrients. FAO Consultants Working Paper 3, AGLS, Rome. 165 p. Taleb bidokhti N, Shahoee S, Behnia A, Behboodi F, Sadeghi S H R, Malek A, Sharifi F. 2003. Specialized culture of erosion and sediment, Center for Publications of the National Commission for UNESCO in Iran, (1): 586. Tejada M, Gonzalez JL.2006. The relationships between erodibility and erosion in a sol treated with two organic amendments. Soil and Tillage Research, 91: 186–198. Tejada M, Gonzalez JL. 2007. Influence of organic amendments on soil structure and soil loss under simulated rain. Soil and Tillage Research, 93:197–205. Tejada M, Gonzalez JL. 2008. Influence of two organic amendments on the Soil Physical Properties, Soil Losses, Sediments and Runoff Water Quality. Geoderma, 145:325–334. Zabihi F, Neyshabouri MR, Dalalian MR. 2011. Effects of polyacrylamide, pumice and municipal compost on some physical and chemical characteristics of a saline-sodic clay soil. Water and Soil Science, 23(3):79–92. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 668 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 752 |
||