1کارشناسارشد زمینشناسی مهندسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه اصفهان
2دانشیار، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه اصفهان
3استادیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران
4مربی پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران
چکیده
دشت سگزی از مناطق بیابانی کشور است که بهدلیل هموار بودن و وجود خاکهای حساس به فرسایش، استعداد فراوانی برای فرسایش بادی دارد. هدف این پژوهش، بررسی امکان استفاده از شورابههای دشت سگزی و تأثیر آن بر خصوصیات مقاومتی خاک، تشکیل سلههای سطحی و پایداری آن در برابر فرسایش بادی میباشد. برای انجام این پژوهش، پنج نمونه خاک با بافتهای متفاوت از سطح خاک جمعآوری و همراه با شورابه برداشت شده از زهکشهای منطقه به آزمایشگاه منتقل و پس از تعیین برخی از خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی نمونهها، بهمنظور بررسی امکان استفاده از شورابه در کنترل فرسایش بادی، برای ایجاد بادهایی با سرعت و زمان مشخص از دستگاه تونل باد استفاده شد. نمونه بافت خاک، با پاشش نسبتهای متفاوت (شورابه به آب) بر سطح آنها مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در این راستا، پارامترهایی مانند شوری، سرعت آستانه فرسایش تیمارها پس از خشک شدن، ضخامت، مقاومت و تراکم سلههای تشکیل شده اندازهگیری و میزان خاکدانهای شدن سلهها مشخص شد. نتایج نشان میدهد که با افزایش شوری محلولها، تراکم و ضخامت سله تشکیل شده، سرعت آستانه فرسایش در مدل انجام شده، افزایش مییابد. تجزیه واریانس دادهها، برای بررسی تأثیر بافت، شوری شورابه، ضخامت سله و سرعت آستانه بر کنترل فرسایش بادی، اختلاف معنیدار در سطح یک درصد را نشان داد. نمونه C با بیشترین درصد ریزدانه و مجموع یونهای کلسیم و منیزیم برای هماوری ذرات، دارای سرعت آستانه 11 متر بر ثانیه و نمونه E با کمترین درصد ریزدانه و مجموع یونهای کلسیم و منیزیم دارای سرعت آستانه 6.23 متر بر ثانیه بود. سرعت آستانه فرسایش بادی نمونههای D ،A و B نیز بهترتیب با کاهش میزان ذرات ریزدانه کاهش یافت. وجود مقدار زیاد سدیم از نظر علمی و کاربردی محدودیتهایی در امکان استفاده از شورابه بهعنوان مالچ ایجاد میکند، ولی نتایج نشان میدهد که کاربرد شورابه برای افزایش تراکم جادههای خاکی میتواند نتیجهبخش باشد.
2Associate Professor of Engineering Geology, Department of Geology, Isfahan University
3Assistant Professor, Research Division of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran
4Scientific board, Research Division of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]
East of Isfahan City, especially around Segzi Plain is one of the desert areas of the country that due to the flatness and soils sensitivity to wind erosion, there is high susceptibility to wind erosion. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of using saline water of Segzi Plain and its effect on the soil strength properties, crust formation and its stability against wind erosion. In order to conduct this research, five soil samples with different textures were collected from top soil surface and were transferred to the laboratory along obtained saline water sample from surface aquifer. After determining some of the physical and chemical properties of samples, they were examined in wind tunnel with specified velocity for soil erosion tests. The first soil sample was flooded with saline water and the rest were treated with either spraying of undiluted saline water or spraying of diluted saline water with 2 to 1, 1 to 1 and 1 to 2 ratios of saline water to water. In this regard, parameters such as salinity of saline water, erosion threshold velocity of dried treated soil samples, maximum dry density, thickness, strength and sieve analysis of the crusts were determined. The results indicated that, as the salinity of saline water increases, the strength, thickness and maximum dry density of forming crust and wind erosion threshold velocity also increases in the model. Analysis of variance used to investigate the effects of soil texture, salinity of saline water, crust thickness and threshold velocity to control wind erosion showed significant difference in 1% level. Sample C1 with the highest percentage of fine grains had threshold velocity of 11 m.s-1, but sampleE1 with the lowest percentage of fine grains had threshold velocity 6.23 m.s-1. The presence of a high amount of sodium makes restrictions on the possibility of using saline water as mulch scientifically and practically but the results showed that the use of saline water can increase the density of dirt roads.
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