2استاد گروه اگروتکنولوژی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
3دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه هرمزگان
4عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه فردوسی
5دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
چکیده
این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثرات کشت مخلوط ارقام جدید و قدیم گندم با کلزا به صورت سریهای افزایشی بر عملکرد، کارایی مصرف نور و نسبت برابری زمین به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سـه تکـرار در مزرعـه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشـگاه فردوسـی مشـهد در دو سـال زراعـی 94-1393 و 95-1394 اجرا شد. عامل اول شامل ارقام گندم (قدیمی: روشن و طبسی) و (جدید: سیروان و پارسی) و عامل دوم نسبتهای کشت مخلوط افزایشی گندم با کلزا (100:0، 100:25، 100:50، 100:75، 100:100 و0:100 درصد) بود. تراکم دو گیاه گندم و کلزا به ترتیب 400 و 20 بوته در متر مربع بود. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم بجز وزن هزار دانه در کشت خالص بود و با افزایش نسبت کلزا به 75 درصد کاهش معنیداری در عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک گندم مشاهده شد. عملکرد دانه ارقام جدید گندم در مقایسه با رقم قدیمی طبسی افزایش معنیداری نشان داد؛ در حالیکه عملکرد بیولوژیک تحت تاثیر رقم قرار نگرفت. در حضور رقم جدید سیروان عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک و کارایی مصرف نور کلزا افزایش معنیداری با سایر ارقام داشت. بیشترین نسبت برابری زمین کل در نسبت کشت 25 درصد کلزا با 41/1 محاسبه گردید که با سایر نسبتها تفاوت معنیداری داشت. به طور کلی، با توجه به این آزمایش بنظر میرسد که ارقام جدید نسبت به ارقام قدیم گندم قابلیت ترکیبپذیری بیشتری با کلزا داشته و عملکرد در ارقام جدید بیشتر بوده اما کارایی مصرف نور و نسبت برابری زمین تفاوت معنیداری را نشان نداد.
1Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2Professor, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
3College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, Iran
4Agronomy, Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
5Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
چکیده [English]
Introduction Wheat breeders have been constantly working to develop new varieties with improved productivity and yield and resistance to pests and diseases. These varieties are being released frequently and are replaced existing ones over and released on basis of their performance under open conditions. Intercropping has been widely applied to reduce soil erosion and water loss, restoring ecological balance, improving radiation and nutrient use efficiency, raising land equivalent rate and increasing economic benefits. The objective of the present work was to determine the effect of row intercropping of old and newwheat cultivars and canola as additive series on the yield, yield components, radiation use efficiency and land equivalent ratio under climatic conditions of Mashhad.
Materials and Methods This experiment was conducted as factorial layout based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Ftation of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran during two growing season of 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. The first and the second factors were wheat varieties (the old: Roshan and Tabasi and the new: Parsi and Sirvan) and intercropping ratios of wheat and canola in additive series (0:100, 25:100, 50:100, 75:100, 100:100 and 100:0), respectively. Investigated traits were seed, biological and straw yield of wheat and number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, 1000-seed weight, seed, biological and straw yield of canola, radiation use efficiency based on seed yield and total dry matter land equivalent ratio. For analysis of variance SAS 9.1 was used. All the means were compared according to least significant test (p≤0.05)
Results and discussion Results showed that the highest wheat yield and yield components, except for 1000-seed weight, were obtained for under monoculture and by increasing the proportion of canola to 75%, significant decrease was observed in seed yield and biological yield of wheat. There was a significant increase in seed yield of new wheat varieties compared to Tabasi as an old variety while the biological yield was not affected by the variety. As compared to other wheat variety, in the presence of the new variety Sirvan, seed and biological yield and radiation use efficiency of canola were significantly increased. However, between different wheat varieties there was no significant difference in radiation use efficiency. The maximum land equivalent ratio (1.41) was calculated with 25% canola+100% wheat.
Conclusion Results revealed that yield of wheat and canola were significantly affected by intercropping ratio and wheat varieties in which yield of both crops due to competition was reduced. However due to different criteria of these species associated with better use of water, radiation and nutrient resources when they are intercropped, land use efficiency was increased. New varieties of wheat seems to preform better when intercropped with canola. However, there was no significant differences in radiation use efficiency and land equivalent ratio between the old and the new wheat varieties.
Acknowledgement This research (32693) was funded by Vice Chancellor for Research of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, which is hereby acknowledged.
کلیدواژهها [English]
Intercropping, Radiation use efficiency, Additive replacement, Oil crops, Poaceae