| تعداد نشریات | 285 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 83 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,084 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,407 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 48,495,566 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 79,116,381 |
پاسخ علف‌هرز جودره (Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch) به رهیافت‌های مدیریتی در تناوب زراعی گندم ـ نخود ـ گندم در شرایط دیم استان لرستان | ||
| دانش علف‌های هرز ایران | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 15، شماره 1، شهریور 1398، صفحه 125-138 اصل مقاله (452.95 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/IJWS.2019.1501.09 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| سیدکریم موسوی* | ||
| مسئول امور استانهای سازمان تحقیقات | ||
| چکیده | ||
| تاثیر خوشه‌چینی علف‌هرز جودره در کشت گندم و اثر راهکارهای مدیریتی در کشت نخود بر تولید سنبله این علف‌هرز، در تناوب زراعی گندم ـ نخود ـ گندم و در قالب آزمایش سه سالهای در منطقه گریت شهرستان خرم‌آباد، طی سالهای 1388 تا 1390 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل اسپلیت و در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. خوشه‌چینی علف‌هرز جودره در کشت گندم و زمان کاشت نخود در فصل، کرت‌های اصلی و سطوح مدیریت علف‌هرز در کشت نخود، کرت‌های فرعی آزمایش بودند. آزمایش دارای سه فاکتور شامل (الف) وضعیت ریزش بذر علف‌هرز جودره در کشت گندم در دو سطح بدون خوشه‌چینی و با خوشه‌چینی، (ب) زمان کاشت نخود در دو سطح کشت زودهنگام و کشت دیرهنگام و (ج) مدیریت علف‌هرز در کشت نخود در پنج سطح کاربرد پیش‌رویشی متری‌بیوزین، کاربرد پیش‌رویشی ایمازتاپیر، کاربرد پس‌رویشی کلتودیم، شاهد عاری از علف‌هرز و شاهد بدون کنترل علف‌هرز بود. در پاییز سال 1389، متناسب با تاریخ کاشت رایج منطقه، گندم در کرت‌های آزمایشی کاشته شد. تعداد سنبله علف‌هرز جودره در کشت گندم در بهار سال 1390 شمارش شد. میانگین تعداد سنبله علف‌هرز جودره در کشت گندم سال سوم بر اثر خوشه‌چینی آن در کشت گندم سال اول 9/71 درصد کاهش یافت. تأخیر در کاشت نخود، افزایش 7/68 درصد تعداد سنبله علف‌هرز جودره در کشت گندم سال بعد را در پی داشت. وجین دستی علف‌های‌هرز در کشت نخود در شرایط خوشه‌چینی و عدم خوشه‌چینی، به ترتیب سبب کاهش 6/94 درصد و 3/88 درصد تعداد سنبله علف‌هرز جودره در کشت گندم در سال سوم شد. به نظر می‌رسد که راهکار صحیح مدیریت علف‌هرز مشکل‌ساز جودره در کشت گندم را می‌بایست در اقدامات زراعی از جمله تناوب زراعی جستجو کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تناوب زراعی؛ جودره؛ گندم؛ مدیریت علف‌های‌هرز؛ نخود | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch) response to weed management approaches in wheat-chickpea-wheat rotation | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Wild barley (Hordeum spontaneumC. Koch) population dynamic in a wheat-chickpea-wheat rotation was investigated in a randomized complete block design by split-factorial arrangement with three replications in Great region of Khorramabad, Iran, 2009-2011. Wild barley picking to prevent current year seed rain in wheat and chickpea sowing time in the next season were main plots and weed management treatments in chickpea were sub-plots. In spring 2009, a Wheat field with relatively uniform wild barley infestation to was chosen. The experiment included three factors: (a) wild barley weed seed rain in wheat at two levels: 1- without seed rain, 2- seed rain; (b) chickpea sowing time at two levels: 1- early planting, 2- late planting; and (c) 5 levels of weed management in chickpea: 1- hand weeding, 2- post-emergence application of clethodim, 3- pre-emergence application of metribuzine, 4- pre-emergence application of imazethapyr, and 5- weedy check. In autumn 2010, wheat was planted in experimental plots. In the spring of 2011, wild barley spikes were counted in wheat. Prevention of wild barley seed rain in wheat 71% reduced density and biomass of this weed in the cultivation of chickpeas in the following year. Average wild barley spike numbers in wheat in third year of rotation was declined 71.9% due to no seed rain treatment in wheat in the first year of rotation. Delay in chickpea sowing time increased 68.7% wild barley spike numbers in wheat at the next year. Hand weeding in chickpea in no seed rain, and seed shedding of wild barley in wheat at initial year of the rotation, reduced 94.6% and 88.3% wild barley spike numbers in wheat in third year of rotation, respectively. It seems that the correct strategy for wild barley management in wheat crop could be find in agronomic strategies like crop rotation. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Chickpea, crop rotation, weed management, wheat, wild barley old doi-10.22092/ijws.2019.120103 | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Anderson, R.L., Stymiest, C.E., Swan, B.A. and Rickertsen, J.R. 2007. Weed community response to crop rotationsin western south dakota. Weed Tech. 21:131-135. Bastiaans, L., Kropff, M.J., Goudriaan, J. and VAN Laar, H.H. 2000. Design of weed management systems with reduced reliance on herbicides poses new challenges and prerequisites for modeling crop-weed interactions. Field Crops Res. 67: 161-179. Brainard, D.C., Bellinder, R.R., Hahn, R.R. and Shah, D.A. 2008. Crop rotation, cover crop, and weed management effects on weed seedbanks and yields in snap bean, sweet corn, and cabbage. Weed Sci. 56:434-441. Brust, G.E. and Stinner, B. R. 1991. Crop rotation for insect, plant pathogen, and weed control. Page 217–236 in D. Pimentel, ed. CRC Handbook of Pest Management in Agriculture I. Second edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC. Brust, G.E. and House, G.J. 1988. Weed seed destruction by arthropods and rodents in low-input soybean agroecosystems. Am. J. Altern. Agric. 3:19-25. Buhler, D.D. and Hartzler R.G. 2001. Emergence and persistence of seed of velvetleaf, common waterhemp, woolly cupgrass, and giant foxtail. Weed Sci. 49: 230-235. Bussan, A.J. and Boerboom, C.M. 2001. Modeling the integrated management of velvetleaf in a corn–soybean rotation. Weed Sci. 49:31-41. Davis A.S. and Williams, M.M. 2007. Variation in wild proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) fecundity in sweet corn has residual effects in snap bean. Weed Sci. 55:502-507. Davis A.S., Schutte, B.J., Iannuzzi, J. and Renner, K.A. 2008. Chemical and physical defense of weed seeds in relaion to soil seedbank persistence. Weed Sci. 56:676-684. Davis, A.S., and Ngouajio, M. 2005. Introduction to the symposium Beyond thresholds: applying multiple tactics within integrated weed management systems. Weed Sci. 53:368. Davis, A.S., Dixon, P.M. and Liebman, M. 2004. Using matrix models to determine cropping system effects on annual weed demography. Ecol. Appl. 14:655-668. Dotzenko, A.D., Ozkan, M. and Storer, K.R. 1969. Influence of crop sequence, nitrogen fertilizer and herbicides on weed seed populations in sugar beet fields. Agron. J. 61:34-37. Froud-Williams, R.J. 1988. Changes in weed flora with different tillage and Agronomic management systems. Pages213-236 in M.A. Altieri and M. Liebman, eds. Weed Management in Agroecosystems: Ecological Approaches. BocaRaton, FL: CRC. Harlan, J.R. and Zohary, D. 1966. Distribution of wild wheats and barley. Science. 153: 1074-1080. Heggenstaller, A.H. and Liebman, M. 2006. Demography of Abutilon theophrasti and Setaria faberi in three crop rotation systems. Weed Res. 46:138-151. Jamali, M. and Termeh, F. 1998. Identification of Graminae weeds in fields, gardens and pastures of Fars province. In: Proceedings 1998 The 13th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Karaj, Iran, 23-27. Leeson, J.Y., Sheard, J.W. and Thomas, A.G. 2000. Weed communities associated with arable Saskatchewan farm management systems. Can. J. Plant Sci. 80: 177-185. Liebman, M. and Gallandt, E.R. 1997. Many little hammers: ecological approaches for management of crop-weed interactions. Pages 291-343 in L. E. Jackson, ed. Ecology in Agriculture. San Diego: Academic Press. Mertens, S.K., Yearsley, J.M.F. van den Bosch and Gilligan, C.A. 2006. Transient population dynamics in periodic matrix models: methodology and effects of cyclic permutations. Ecology. 87: 2338-2348. Mohler, C.L. 1996. Ecological bases for the cultural control of weeds. J. Prod. Agric. 9: 468-474. Mohler, C.L. 2001. Weed life history: identifying vulnerabilities. Pages 40-98 in M. Liebman, C.L. Mohler, and C.P. Staver, eds. Ecological Management of Agricultural Weeds. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. Mortensen D.A., Bastiaans, L. and Sattin, M. 2000. The role of ecology in the development of weed management systems: an outlook. Weed Res. 40: 49-62. Mousavi, S.K., Ghanbari, A., Ghorbani, R. and Baghestani, M.A. 2015. Evaluation the Effect of Water Availability on Wild Wheat (Triticum boeoticum) and Wild Barley (Hordeum spontaneum) Grass Weed Seed Emergence in Comparison to Wheat (Triticum aestivum). Iranian Journal of Weed Sci. 11: 117-128. (In Persian). Mousavi, S.K., Ghanbari, A., Ghorbani, R. and Baghestani, M.A. 2017. The effect of temperature on germination and emergence of wild wheat (Triticum boeoticum Boiss) and wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch). Iranian J. Weed Sci. 13: 11-28. (In Persian). Mousavi, S.K., Ghanbari, A., Ghorbani, R. and Baghestani, M.A. 2018. After-ripening and emergence pattern of wild wheat (Triticum boeoticum Boiss) and wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch) in dryland condition of Lorestan. J. Plant Prot. 32: 385-398. (In Persian). Nevo, E., Kaplan, D., Storch, N. and Zohary, D. 1986. Genetic diversity and environmental associations of wild barley, Hordeum spontaneum (Poaceae), in Iran. Plant Syst. Ecol., 153: 141-164. Nordell, E. 1992. Crop rotations today. Small Farm J. 16:2-31. Norris, R.F. 1999. Ecological implications of using thresholds for weed management. Pages 31–58 in D.D. Buhler, ed. Expanding the Context of Weed Management. New York: Haworth. Rasmussen, I.A. and Holst, N. 2003. Computer model for simulating the longterm dynamics of annual weeds: from seedlings to seeds. Aspect. Appl. Biol. 69:277-284. Streibig, J.C. 1979. Numerical methods illustrating the phytosociology of crops in relation to weed flora. J. Appl. Ecol. 16: 577–587. Sumner, D.R. 1982. Crop rotation and plant productivity. Page 273-313 in M. Rechcigl, ed. CRC Handbook of Agricultural Productivity. Boca Raton, FL: CRC. Thurston, J.M. 1962. The effect of competition from cereal crops on the germination and growth of Avena fatua in a naturally infested field. Weed Res. 6: 67-80. Walenta, D.L., Yenish, J.P., Young, F.L. and Ball, D.A. 2002. Vernalization response of plants grown from spikelets of spring and fall cohorts of jointed goatgrass. Weed Sci. 50:461-465. Westerman, P.R., Liebman, M., Menalled, F.D., Heggenstaller, A.H., Hartzler, R.G. and Dixon, P.M. 2005. Are many little hammers effective? Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) population dynamics in two- and four-year crop rotation systems. Weed Sci. 53:382-392. Zohary, D., Hopf, M. and Weiss, E. 2012. Domestication of Plants in the Old World: The origin and spread of domesticated plants in Southwest Asia, Europe, and the Mediterranean Basin. Fourth Edition. Oxford University.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 524 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 356 |
||