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تغییرات پوشش گیاهی مراتع کوهستانی سیراچال در اثر آتشسوزی | ||
| تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 26، شماره 2، تیر 1398، صفحه 352-366 اصل مقاله (985.37 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijrdr.2019.119357 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علیرضا افتخاری* 1؛ محمود گودرزی2؛ پروانه عشوری1؛ رستم خلیفه زاده2 | ||
| 1استادیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات مرتع، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2محقق، بخش تحقیقات مرتع، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| آتشسوزی در مراتع تاثیرات قابل توجهی بر فاکتورهای گیاهی و خاک دارد. در این تحقیق اثرات آتشسوزی بر فاکتورهای گیاهی مراتع نیمه استپی سیراچال به مدت سه سال (94-1396) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. دو مرتع انتخابی از لحاظ تیپ گیاهی مشابه بوده (قبل از آتشسوزی) و در کنار یکدیگر قرار دارند. دو تیمار مراتع شاهد و مراتع آتشگرفته با استفاده از ترانسکت و کوادرات(30 پلات) به مدت سه سال متوالی آماربرداری شدند. فاکتورهای گیاهی شامل درصد تاج پوشش، تولید، تراکم، غنای گونه ای و فرم رویشی بود. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری تیمارها با آزمون t مستقل و مقایسه سال‌های مختلف در هر یک از مراتع آتشسوزی شده یا شاهد با استفاده از آزمون تجزیه واریانس و مقایسه میانگین‌ها با آزمون دانکن بین تکرارها انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد آتشسوزی در طی سال‌های اجرای طرح اثر معنیداری بر روی درصد تاج پوشش و تولید کل گونههای مرتعی نداشته است، ولی بر روی تراکم کل گونههای مرتعی اثر مثبت و معنیدار داشته است. اختلاف بالای تراکم در مقایسه با پوشش و تولید، به دلیل کم بودن پوشش و تولید نهالهای تازه روئیده است. به عبارت دیگر نهالهای تازه روئیده گیاهان دارای سطح تاج پوشش اندک و تولید کم، اما دارای تراکم بالایی هستند. از لحاظ غنای گونهای بیشترین اختلاف مربوط به عدم حضور گونههای بوتهای در مرتع آتشگرفته میباشد اما با اینحال بر اساس شاخص سورنسون دو تیمار از لحاظ گونههای گیاهی مشابه میباشند. همچنین از لحاظ فرم رویشی، آتشسوزی بر روی درصد تاج پوشش، تراکم و تولید فرم رویشی علفی اثر مثبت و معنیدار، بر روی درصد تاج پوشش و تراکم فرم رویشی گندمی نیز اثر مثبت و معنیدار داشته است اما اثر قابل ملاحظه منفی و معنیداری بر روی فرم رویشی بوتهاییها داشته است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آتشسوزی؛ فرم رویشی؛ شاخص سورنسون؛ گونههای بوتهای؛ سیراچال | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Changes in vegetation cover of Sirachal mountain rangelands due to fire | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Alireza Eftekhari1؛ Mahmoud Goudarzi2؛ Parvaneh Ashouri1؛ Rostam Khalifehzadeh2 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Rangeland Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Senior Expert Research, Rangeland Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Fire in rangelands has significant effects on plant and soil factors. In this research, the effects of fire on plant factors were investigated in semi-steppe rangelands of Sirachal for three years (2015-2017). The two selected rangelands were similar in terms of vegetation type (before the fire) were next to each other. The treatments included control rangelands and burned rangelands, and sampling was performed using transects and quadrates (30 plots) for three consecutive years. Vegetation factors included canopy cover, production, density, species richness, and life form. The statistical analysis of the treatments was carried out using the independent t-test. Comparison of different years, in each of the burned or control rangelands, was done using analysis of variance and the means were compared with Duncan's test. The results showed that fire during the years of the project did not have a significant effect on the canopy percentage and the production of all rangeland species, but it had a positive and significant effect on the density of all rangeland species. High difference in density compared to the cover and production could be due to the low canopy cover and production of new seedlings. In other words, new seedlings of plants had a low canopy cover, low production, and a high density. In terms of species richness, the highest difference is related to the absence of shrub species in the burned rangeland; however, according to the Sorenson index, the two treatments were similar in terms of plant species. Also, in terms of life form, fire had a positive and significant effect on the cover percentage, density and production of forbs, a positive and significant effect on the cover percentage and density of grasses, and a significant negative effect on the shrubs. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Fire, Vegetative form, Sorenson Index, Shrub species, Sirachal | ||
| مراجع | ||
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