| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,998 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,576 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 44,215,982 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 20,565,824 |
تأثیر کاربرد پیش از برداشت علف‌کش بر تولید و ویژگی‌های بذر گندم و علف‌هرز شیرین بیان | ||
| دانش علف‌های هرز ایران | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 14، شماره 2، دی 1397، صفحه 61-74 اصل مقاله (660.28 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/IJWS.2018.1402.06 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد اسکندری شهرکی1؛ حسن علیزاده* 2؛ مصطفی اویسی3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 2استاد دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 3استادیار دانشگاه تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سمپاشی پیش از برداشت گندم (Spray-topping) ، روشی برای کاهش تولید بذر، بنیه بذر و جوانهزنی بذر علف‌های هرزی است که موفق به فرار از روش‌های کنترل شده‌اند و با تولید بذر، باعث افزایش بانک بذر خاک می‌شوند. هدف از این تحقیق، بررسی تأثیر سمپاشی پیش از برداشت بر ویژگی‌های بذر گندم و شیرین بیان در مراحل مختلف رشد گندم می‌باشد. به این منظور، آزمایش مزرعه ای در سال 1394، به صورت کرت‌های دوبار خرد شده و در سه تکرار، در شهرستان شهرکرد در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری انجام گرفت. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل مراحل مختلف رشد دانه گندم شامل شیری، خمیری و رسیدگی، به عنوان کرت‌های اصلی، کاربرد علف‌کش‌های گلایفوسیت (SL 41%) و پاراکوات (SL 20%) به عنوان کرت‌های فرعی و غلظت‌های مختلف علف‌کش (صفر، یک، دو و سه لیتر در هکتار) به عنوان کرت‌های فرعی فرعی بودند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که اعمال دو علف‌کش در مراحل مختلف رشد، تاثیر متفاوتی بر ویژگی‌های بذر گندم و شیرین بیان (درصد جوانهزنی، سرعت جوانهزنی و بنیه بذر) داشت. در این مطالعه مشخص شد که در مرحله رسیدگی دانه گندم، کاربرد علف‌کش گلایفوسیت به میزان یک لیتر در هکتار، حداقل تأثیر منفی را بر روی ویژگی‌های بذر گندم و بیشترین تأثیر منفی را بر روی ویژگی‌های بذر شیرین بیان داشت. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پاراکوات؛ سمپاشی در مرحله رسیدگی؛ شاخص‌های بذر؛ گلایفوسیت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of pre-harvest application of herbicides on the seed production and properties of wheat and Glycyrrhiza glabra | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| mohammad eskandari shahraki1؛ hasan alizadeh2؛ Mostafa Oveisi3 | ||
| 1tehran univercity | ||
| 2Professor of University of Tehran | ||
| 3Associate Professor of University of Tehran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Pre-harvest application of herbicides is considered as a way for decreasing seed production, vigour and germination of the weeds that have escaped from weed control methods and have the ability to increase the soil seed banks by producing their seeds. This study conducted to investigate the effects of pre-harvesting spraying on properties of wheat and Glycyrrhiza glabra seeds in different growth stages of wheat. This method also may cause damages to the crop seeds. A field experiment was carried out in split-split plot design with three replications. Experiment treatments consisted of different growth stages of wheat (milky, dough and seed ripening) as main plots, application of glyphosate (SL 41%) and paraquat (SL 20%) herbicides as sub-plots and different concentrations of herbicides (0, 1, 2 and 3 liters per hectare) as sub-sub plots. The results indicated that herbicides applied at different growth stages showed different effects on the properties of wheat and G. glabra seeds. Glyphosate and paraquat had different effects on the properties of wheat and G. glabra seeds. Given the various concentration levels of herbicides applied, different results related to different concentrations of herbicide were obtained. Application of 1 l/ha glyphosate at the seed ripening stage showed the lowest negative impact on the properties of wheat seeds and the highest negative effect on the properties of of G. glabra seeds. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Glyphosate, Paraquat, Seed index, Spray-topping | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Bahrami, N. and Mirkamali, H. 1993. Weed in dry wheat in Kermanshah. Summary of 11th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. University of Guilan, Rasht.
Bennett, A. C. and Shaw, D. R. 2000. Effect of preharvest desiccants on Group IV Glycine max seed viability. Weed Sci. 48: 426-430.
Bennett, A.C. and Shaw, D.R. 2000. Effect of preharvest desiccants on weed seed production and viability. Weed Tech. 14: 530-538.
Cardina, J., Norquay, H.M., Stinner, B.R. and McCartney, D.A. 1996. Postdispersal predation of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) seeds. Weed Sci. 44: 534-539.
Cessna, A.J., Darwent, A.L., Kirkland, K.J., Townley-Smith, L., Harker, K.N. and Lefkovitch, L.P. 1994. Residues of glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA in wheat seed and foliage following preharvest applications. Can. J. of Plant Sci. 74: 653-661.
Cessna, A.J., Darwent, A.L., Townley-Smith, L., Harker, K.N. and Kirkland, K.J. 2000. Residues of glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA in canola seed following preharvest applications. Can. J. of Plant Sci. 80: 425-431.
Cessna, A.J., Darwent, A.L., Townley-Smith, L., Harker, K.N. and Kirkland, K. 2002. Residues of glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA in field pea, barley and flax seed following preharvest applications. Can. J. of Plant Sci. 82: 485-489.
Clay, P.A. and Griffin J.L. 2000. Weed seed production and seedling emergence responses to late-season glyphosate applications. Weed Sci. 48:481-486.
Devine, M. D. 1989. Phloem translocation of herbicides. Reviews of Weed Science (USA).
Dodge, A.D. and Harris, N. 1970. The mode of action of paraquat and diquat. Biochem. J. 118 (3): 43.
Fischer, H. and Summers, L.A. 1980. Synthesis, polarography and herbicidal activity of quaternary salts of 2‐(4‐pyridyl) ‐1, 3, 5‐triazines, 5‐(4‐pyridyl) pyrimidine, 2‐(4‐pyridyl) pyrimidine and related compounds. J. of Heterocycl. Chem. 17: 333-336.
Franz, J.E., in: Adv. Pestic. Sci. Vol. 2, p. 139 (Geissbuehler, H., ed.). Oxford-New York: Pergamon 1979.
Ghalambaz, S. and Fateh, E. 2011. Effects of allelopathic weed on growth potential of wheat, oats, mustard and rapeseed. First National Conference on new issues in agriculture. Saveh Islamic Azad University.
Griffin, J.L., Boudreaux, J.M. and Miller, D.K. 2010. Herbicides as harvest aids. Weed Sci. 58: 355-358.
Halliwell, B. 1984. Oxygen-derived species and herbicide action. Plant Physiol. 15: 21-24.
Hollander, H. and Amrhein, N. 1980. The site of the inhibition of the shikimate pathway by glyphosate I. Inhibition by glyphosate of phenylpropanoid synthesis in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). Plant Physiol. 66: 823-829.
Karimi Alizi, H. 1989. Information about licorice. Forest and pasture, in the second year. No. 6. P: 8-12.
Lock, E. and Wilks, M. 2001. Paraquat. In: Krieger R (Ed.) Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology, 2th Ed., San Diego: Academic Press. 1559-1604.
Madafiglio, G.P., Medd, R.W. and Cornish, P.S. 1999. Selective spray-topping, a new technique for controlling broadleaved weeds in cereals. In Proceedings of the 12th Australian Weeds Conference. 269-272.
Mirheidar, H. 1994. Licorice. The use of herbs in the prevention and treatment of diseases and plant sciences, Volume III. Islamic Culture Publications Office. P: 6-12.
Musavi, M.R. 2011. Principles and methods of weed control. Marze Danesh. 600 p.
Preston, K.R., Kilborn, R.H., Morgan, B.C. and Babb, J.C. 1991. Effects of frost and immaturity on the quality of a Canadian hard red spring wheat. Cereal Chem. 68: 133-138.
Rastegar, M.A. 2007. Weeds and their control methods. University Publication Center Press. 413 p.
Shuma, J.M. and Raju, M.V.S. (1993). A histological study of the effect of glyphosate on seed development in the wild oat (Avena fatua L.). Weed Res. 33: 43-51.
Vaughan, K. 2003. Photosystem I energy diverters, pages 1223-1227 In: Plimmer, J.R., Gammon, D.W., Ragsdale, N.N. (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Agrochemicals (Vol. III), John Wiley., Sons, Hoboken New Jersey, USA.
Walker, E.R. and Oliver, L.R. 2008. Weed seed production as influenced by glyphosate applications at flowering across a weed complex. Weed Tech. 22: 318-325.
Walters, S. A., and Young, B. G. 2012. Herbicide application timings on weed control and jack-o-lantern pumpkin yield. HortTech. 22: 201-206.
Wanamarta, G., and Penner, D. 1989. Foliar absorption of herbicides. Reviews of Weed Science.
Yenish, J.P. and Young, F.L. 2000. Effect of preharvest glyphosate application on seed and seedling quality of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Tech. 14: 212-217.
Young K.R. 2001. Germination and emergence of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.). PhD thesis, Institute of Land and Food Resources, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Zagonel, J. 2005. Herbicide application timing in preharvest desiccation of soybean cultivars with different growth habits. Journal of Environ. Sci. Health. 40: 13-2.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,024 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 442 |
||