| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,846 |
| تعداد مقالات | 32,300 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 41,386,891 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 18,562,122 |
کیفیت شیمیایی خاکستر لاشریزه ناشی از آتشسوزی کف جنگل برودار (Quercus brantii Lindl) در منطقه دره‌‌وران مریوان | ||
| تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 26، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 74، دی 1397، صفحه 496-505 اصل مقاله (626.82 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfpr.2018.118580 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| وحید حسینی* 1؛ کیومرث محمدی سمانی1؛ لیلا مراد میروانی2 | ||
| 1استادیار، گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران | ||
| 2دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جنگل‌‌شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| آتش منجر به تجمع خاکستر در خاک سطحی می‌شود که می‌تواند اثرات عمیقی بر چرخه بیوشیمیایی عناصر در بوم‌سازگان برجای بگذارد. هدف این پژوهش، بررسی برخی ویژگیهای شیمیایی خاکستر لاشریزه درختی و پوشش علفی حاصل از آتشسوزی در کف جنگل و تعیین روند تغییرات این ویژگی‌ها از زیر تاج درختان برودار (Querucs brantii Lindl.) به‌سمت خارج تاج بود. برای این منظور، بلافاصله پس از رخداد آتش در تابستان سال 1395 در منطقه دره‌‌وران شهرستان مریوان، از خاکستر به‌جای‌مانده نمونه‌‌برداری شد. خط‌نمونه‌ای به طول 300 متر در روی خط تراز پیاده شد و در هر 30 متر، نزدیک‌ترین درخت برودار انتخاب شد. در مورد هر درخت انتخابی، سه نمونه خاکستر به‌ترتیب در فاصله 1/5 متری از تنه، مرز تاج و پنج متری تاج (در جایی که بین درختان قرار می‌گرفت) برداشت و پس از انتقال به آزمایشگاه، ویژگیهای شیمیایی آن‌ها اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش فاصله از تنه درخت، مقدار کربن، نیتروژن و فسفر خاکستر به‌طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافت. کلسیم و منیزیم خاکستر با حرکت به‌سمت فضای بین درختان، کاهشی معنی‌‌دار داشتند، اما پتاسیم به‌طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافت. هدایت الکتریکی و اسیدیته خاکستر نیز از سمت تنه به خارج تاج درختان کاهش پیدا کرد. به‌طور کلی، می‌‌توان گفت که به‌دلیل تفاوت در مقدار بقایای گیاهی تجمع‌یافته، با حرکت از تنه درخت به‌سمت فضای بین درختان، شدت آتش رخداده کمتر شده و در نتیجه اثرات متفاوتی بر ویژگیهای خاکستر به‌جای گذاشته است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آتش؛ استان کردستان؛ جنگل‌های زاگرس شمالی؛ کلسیم؛ منیزیم | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Litter ash chemical properties of wildfire in forest floor of Brant`s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) in Darehvaran area, Marivan | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Vahid Hosseini1؛ Kiomars Mohammadi Samani1؛ Leila Morad Mirvani2 | ||
| 1Assistant Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran | ||
| 2M.Sc. Student of Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Wildfire leads to accumulation of ash in the surface soil, which it can have effect on the biochemical cycle of elements in the ecosystem. The goal of this study was to investigate some ash chemical properties of wildfire in litter of the Brant`s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) and vegetation of forest floor and determination gradiant from beneath of tree crown to the outside of the tree crown. Ash samples were collected immediately after forest wildfire in the summer 2016 in the Darehvaran area in Marivan. One transect was installed on a couner line with 300 m long on burnt slope. Ten Brant`s oak trees were selected at 30 meters intervals. Three samples of ash were collected in each tree. The 3 positions of ash samples including: at a distance of 1.5 meters from the base trunk, tree crown border and five-meters far from tree crown. Chemical properties of ash samples were measured in laboratory. The results showed that the content of C, N and P of ash increased significantly with movement from tree trunk to outside. The content of Ca and Mg of ash decreased signifcanly by moving from tree trunks toward the spaces between them, but the amount of K increased signifcantly. The EC and the pH of the ash decreased from the trunk side to the outside of the tree crown. In general, it seems that intensity of the wildfire decreased by moving from the tree trunk to the space between the trees because of the difference in the amount of litter accumulated. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Calsium, fire, Kurdistan province, magnesium, Northern Zagros forests | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Alexis, M.A., Rumpel, C., Knicker, H., Leifeld, J., Rasse, D., Péchot, N., Bardoux, G. and Mariotti, A., 2010. Thermal alteration of organic matter during a shrubland fire: a field study. Organic Geochemistry, 41(7): 690-697. - Bodi, M.B., Martin, D.A., Balfour, V.N., Santin, C., Doerr, S.H., Pereira, P., Cerda, A. and Mataix-Solera, J., 2014. Wildland fire ash: Production, composition and eco-hydro-geomorphic effects. Earth-Science Reviews, 130: 103-127. - Bodi, M.B., Mataix-Solera, J., Doerr, S.H. and Cerda, A., 2011. The wettability of ash from burned vegetation and its relationship to Mediterranean plant species type, burn severity and total organic carbon content. Geoderma, 160(3-4): 599-607. - Boring, L.R., Hendricks, J.J., Wilson, C.A. and Mitchell, R.J., 2004. Season of burn and nutrient losses in a longleaf pine ecosystem. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 13(4): 443-453. - Campos, I., Abrantes, N., Keizer, J.J., Vale, C. and Pereira, P., 2016. Major and trace elements in soils and ashes of eucalypt and pine forest plantations in Portugal following a wildfire. Science of the Total Environment, 572: 1363-1376. - DeBano, L.F. and Conrad, C.E., 1978. The effect of fire on nutrients in a chaparral ecosystem. Ecology, 59(3): 489-497. - Gabet, E.J. and Bookter, A., 2011. Physical, chemical and hydrological properties of Ponderosa pine ash. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 20(3): 443-452. - Galang, M.A., Markewitz, D. and Morris, L.A., 2010. Soil phosphorous transformations under forest burning and laboratory heat treatments. Geoderma, 155(3-4): 401-408. - Giglio, L., Randerson, J.T., van der Werf, G.R., Kasibhatla, P.S., Collatz, G.J., Morton, D.C. and DeFries, R.S., 2010. Assessing variability and long-term trends in burned area by merging multiple satellite fire products. Biogeosciences, 7: 1171-1186. - Goforth, B.R., Graham, R.C., Hubbert, K.R., Zanner, C.W. and Minnich, R.A., 2005. Spatial distribution and properties of ash and thermally altered soils after high-severity forest fire, southern California. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14(4): 343-354. - Gray, D.M. and Dighton, J., 2006. Mineralization of forest litter nutrients by heat and combustion. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 38(6): 1469-1477. - Hemmatboland, I., 2008. Effects of fire on some physical and chemical properties of soil in western forests of Marivan region. M.Sc. thesis, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, 69p (In Persian). - Henig-Sever, N., Poliakov D. and Borza M., 2001. A Novel method for estimation of wild fire intensity based on ash pH and soil microarthropod community. Pedobiologia, 45(2): 98-106. - Hosseini, S.S. and Hosseini, V., 2014. Effect of fire occurrence through the time on changes of K, Mg, Ca and EC of forest soil. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 22(1): 143-151(In Persian). - Jafari Haghighi, M., 2003. Methods of Soil Analysis: Sampling and Important Physical & Chemical Analysis with Emphasis on Theoretical & Applied Principles. Nedaye Zoha, Sari, 240p (In Persian). - Khanna, P.K., Raison, R.J. and Falkiner, R.A., 1994. Chemical properties of ash derived from Eucalyptus litter and its effects on forest soils. Forest Ecology and Management, 66(1-3):107-125. - Kutiel, P. and Shaviv, A., 1989. Effect of simulated forest fire on the availability of N and P in mediterranean soils, 120(1): 57-63. - Liodakis, S., Katsigiannis, G. and Kakali, G., 2005. Ash properties of some dominant Greek forest species. Thermochimica Acta, 437(1-2): 158-167. - Misra, M.K., Ragland, K.W. and Baker, A.J., 1993. Wood ash composition as a function of furnace temperature. Biomass and Bioenergy, 4(2): 103-116. - Murphy, J.D., Johnson, D.W., Miller, W.W., Walker, R.F., Carroll, E.F. and Blank, R.R., 2006. Wildfire effects on soil nutrients and leaching in a Tahoe Basin watershed. Journal of Environmental Quality, 35(2): 479-489. - Nazari, F., Hosseini, V. and Shabanian, N., 2012. Effect of fire severity on organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus of forest soils (Case study: Marivan). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 20(1): 25-37 (In Persian). - Neary, D.G., Ryan, K.C. and DeBano, L.F., 2005. Wildland fire in ecosystems: Effects of fire on soils and water. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-42-vol.4., USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden, U.T., 250p. - Nocentini, C., Certini, G., Knicker, H., Francioso, O. and Rumpel, C., 2010. Nature and reactivity of charcoal produced and added to soil during wildfire are particle‐size dependent. Organic Geochemistry, 41(7): 682-689. - Oliveira-Filho, E.C., Brito, D.Q., Dias, Z.M.B., Guarieiro, M.S., Carvalho, E.L., Fascineli, M.L., Niva, C.C. and Grisolia, C.K., 2018. Effects of ashes from a Brazilian savanna wildfire on water, soil and biota: An ecotoxicological approach. Science of the Total Environment, 618: 101-111. - Pereira, P., Úbeda, X., Martin, D., Mataix-Solera, J., Cerdà, A. and Burguet, M., 2014. Wildfire effects on extractable elements in ash from a Pinus pinaster forest in Portugal. Hydrological Processes, 28(11): 3681-3690. - Pourreza, M., Hosseini, S.M., Safari Sinegani, A.A., Matinizadeh, M. and Dick, W.A., 2014. Soil microbial activity in response to fire severity in Zagros oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) forests, Iran, after one year. Geoderma, 213: 95-102. - Qian, Y., Miao, S.L., Gu, B. and Li, Y.C., 2009. Estimation of postfire nutrient loss in the Florida Everglades. Journal of Environmental Quality, 38(5): 1812-1820. - Raison, R.J., Khanna, P.K. and Woods, P.V., 1985. Mechanisms of element transfer to the atmosphere during vegetation fires. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 15(1): 132-140. - Santin, C., Doerr, S.H., Shakesby, R.A., Bryant, R., Sheridan, G.J., Lane, P.N.J., Smith, H.G. and Bell, T.L., 2012. Carbon loads, forms and sequestration potential within ash deposits produced by wildfire: new insights from the 2009 ‘Black Saturday’ fires, Australia. European Journal of Forest Research, 131(4): 1245-1253. - Scott, A.C. and Glasspool, I.J., 2006. The diversification of Paleozoic fire systems and fluctuations in atmospheric oxygen concentration. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A., 103(29): 10861-10865. - Scott, A.C., Bowman, D.M.J.S., Bond, W.J., Pyne, S.J. and Alexander, M.E., 2014. Fire on Earth: An Introduction. First edition, Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, New Jersey, 434p. - Soto, B. and Diaz-Fierros, F., 1993. Interactions between plant ash leachates and soil. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 3(4): 207-216. - Stoof, C.R., Vervoort, R.W., Iwema, J., van den Elsen, E., Ferreira, A.J.D. and Ritsema, C.J., 2012. Hydrological response of a small catchment burned by experimental fire. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 16(2): 267-285. - Úbeda, X., Pereira, P., Outeiro, L. and Martin, D.A., 2009. Effects of fire temperature on the physical and chemical characteristics of the ash from two plots of cork oak (Quercus suber). Land Degradation & Development, 20(6): 589-608. - Ulery, A.L., Graham, R.C. and Amrhein, C., 1993. Wood-ash composition and soil pH following intense burning. Soil Science, 156(5): 358-364. - Woods, S.W. and Balfour, V.N., 2008. The effect of ash on runoff and erosion after a severe forest wildfire, Montana, USA. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 17(5): 535-548. - Wright, H.A. and Bailey, A.W., 1982. Fire Ecology: United States and Southern Canada. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 528p. - Yusiharni, E. and Gilkes, R.J., 2012. Changes in the mineralogy and chemistry of a lateritic soil due to a bushfire at Wundowie, Darling Range, Western Australia. Geoderma, 191: 140-150. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 695 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 462 |
||