| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,044 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,047 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 46,439,325 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 77,507,017 |
اثر کم آبیاری بر عملکرد دانه، اجزای عملکرد دانه و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی ارقام گندم نان و دوروم | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 32، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 122، فروردین 1398، صفحه 1-12 اصل مقاله (435.34 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2018.116367.1220 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| صادق باغبان خلیل آباد1؛ حمیدرضا خزاعی* 2؛ محمد کافی3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکترا، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| 2استاد،گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| 3استاد، گروه زراعت،دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| چکیده | ||
| چکیده به‌منظور بررسی اثرات کم آبیاری بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و صفات فیزیولوژیکی مرتبط با تنش خشکی، آزمایشی در سال زراعی سال 1390 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد انجام شد. آزمایش به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای موردبررسی شامل چهار سطح آبیاری (100، 75، 50 و 25 درصد نیاز آبی) در پلات‌های اصلی و ارقام شامل سه رقم گندم نان (پیشگام، الوند، اروم) و سه رقم گندم دوروم (بهرنگ، آریا، دنا) در پلات فرعی قرار گرفتند. صفات موردبررسی شامل صفات زراعی وابسته به عملکرد، شاخص محتوی کلروفیل، غلظت کلروفیل‌های a و b و محتوی آب نسبی برگ پرچم بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه به ترتیب مربوط به ارقام پیشگام (723 گرم در مترمربع) و الوند (677 گرم در مترمربع) بود. تنش کم‌آبی سبب کاهش میزان عملکرد دانه همه ارقام شد. بین ارقام موردمطالعه بیشترین شاخص برداشت با میانگین 52 درصد مربوط به رقم دنا و کمترین آن با میانگین 32 درصد مربوط به رقم اروم بود. شاخص برداشت تحت تأثیر میزان آبیاری قرار نگرفت. محتوی آب نسبی برگ پرچمی در تنش شدید نسبت به شاهد 45 درصد کاهش یافت، ومحتوی کلروفیل‌های a وb با کاهش میزان آبیاری به ترتیب به میزان 08/40 و 78/65، کاهش یافت. در نهایت به نظر می رسدبا کاهش 25درصدی مصرف آب در بین ارقام گندم نان بهترین برای کاشت رقم پیشگام و در بین ارقام دروم بهترین بهرنگ باشد. کلمات کلیدی: صفات زراعی، کلروفیل، محتوای آب نسبی | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آبیاری؛ کلروفیل؛ a وb؛ محتوی آب نسبی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of deficit irrigation on kernel yield, yield components and some physiological traits of different varieties of bread wheat and durum wheat | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| sadegh baghbankhalilabad1؛ Hamid Reza Khazaee2؛ Mohammad Kafi3 | ||
| 1PhD student, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. | ||
| 2Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad | ||
| 3Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction: Currently, the most important selection criterion for drought tolerance in wheat breeding programs is to compare grain yields between wheat cultivars grown under normal and deficit irrigation conditions. Several reports indicate that wheat traits, such as grain yield, biomass and yield components are decreased when the crop encounters water stress (Mohseni and Akbari, 2012). Heritability for yield is low under drought conditions due to high interaction between genotype and environment or low genetic variation. For this reason, secondary characteristics such as physiological traits have been given particular attention for selection process by researchers. Leaf relative water content (LRWC), chlorophyll content, water use efficiency (WUE), proline and abscisic acid accumulation are of some physiological indices as a measure for selection of drought tolerant cultivars. LRWC is considered as a screening tool under drought condition. (Blum et al., 1981). LRWC is affected by osmotic pressure, water uptake and respiration rate and shows a high heritability under drought conditions. Crop chlorophyll (Chl) content decreases under drought conditions and plants with high Chl content are more tolerant to drought (Abdoli et al., 2013). In crops with high chlorophyll content, photosynthesis activity continues under drought conditions. Thus the experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of limited irrigation on some morphological and physiological traits of bread and durum wheat under Mashhad-Iran environmental conditions Material and Methods: The study was conducted at experimental field of Ferdowsi university of Mashhad during 2011 and 2012 growing seasons in order to evaluate the effect of limited irrigation on yield and physiological characteristics of wheat. A split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was performed. The main plots were assigned to irrigation levels including (I1)100, (I2)75, (I3)50 and (I4) 25 percent of evaporation from evaporation pan class A and the sub-plots consisted of wheat cultivars (three hexaploid cultivars (Pishgam, Alvand, Erum) and three durum cultivars (Behrang, Arya, Dena). Land preparation was done on late October according to farmers practice in the area. There were six 3m long rows spaced 20cm apart in each plot. The studied characteristics were yield component traits, flag leaf chlorophyll content, chlorophyll (Chl) a, and b contents and flag leaf relative water content (LRWC). Results and Discussion: The results of analysis of variance showed that there was significant difference between cultivars in terms of grain yield. Also, grain yield was significantly affected by irrigation levels but was not affected by interaction between the treatments. The highest (723 kg/m2) and lowest (677 kg/m2) grain yields were produced by Pishgam and Alvand cultivars respectively. The highest (52%) and lowest (32%) harvest index were observed for Dena and Erum cultivars, respectively. There was no significant difference between irrigation levels for harvest index. There was no significant difference between cultivars for chlorophyll content There was a significant difference between cultivars for chlorophyll a content. The highest chlorophyll a content (2.49 mg/g fresh weight) was observed for Dena cultivar. There was significant difference between irrigation levels for chlorophyll a and b contents. Chlorophyll content was significantly affected by irrigation level and chlorophyll a and b concentrations were decreased by water deficit. There was no significant difference under normal irrigation levels between chlorophyll content index and the Chl a, and b concentrations. LRWC was different with different cultivars and was affected by irrigation levels. The highest and lowest LRWC were obtained with Pishgam and Alvand cultivars, respectively. There was no significant difference between the other cultivars for LRWC . Conclusion: The highest grain yield was obtained from Pishgam and Alvand cultivars. The former and the latter gave the highest yield because of higher 1000-grain weight and higher numbers of grain per spike, respectively. Harvest index of all the wheat cultivars remained stable and was not affected by water stress. Water stress reduced LRWC, chlorophyll index content and chlorophyll a and b concentrations. The reduced chlorophyll content led to diminished production of photosynthates, resulting in decreased grain yield and biomass in the all cultivars. Since selection based on grain yield is not useful because of its low heritability, LRWC can be used as the selection criterion for cultivars with high yield performance under water deficit conditions. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Irrigation, chlorophyll a and b, relative water content | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abdoli, M., and Saeidi, M. 2012. Using different indices for selection of resistant wheat cultivars to post anthesis water deficit in the west of Iran. Annals of Biological Research, 3(3): 1322-1333.
Abdoli, M., Saeedi, M., Jalali, S., Mansourifar, S., and Eghbal Ghobadi, M. 2013. Investigation of some physiological and biochemical traits and their relationship with yield and its components in bread wheat cultivars in underwater stress conditions after pollination. Journal of Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 6(1): 47-63. (In Persian with English Summary).
Ahmadi, A., and Baker, D.A. 2000. Stomatal and ophthalmic factors limiting photosynthesis in wheat under drought stress conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science of Iran, 31(4): 813-825. (In Persian with English Summary).
Al-hakimi, A., Monneveaux, P., and Nachit, M. M. 1998. Direct and indirect selection for drought tolerance in alien tetraploid wheat × durum wheat crosses. Euphytica, 100: 287-294.
Arnon, D.T. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolation chloroplast phenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24: 1-15.
Ashraf, M.Y., Azmi, A.R., Khan, A.H., and Ala, S.A. 1994. Effect of water stress on total phenols, peroxidase activity and chlorophyll content in wheat. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 16(3): 185-191.
Bishop, D. L. and Bugbee, B. G. 1998. Photosynthetic capacity and dry mass partitioning in dwarf and semi – dwarf wheats. Journal of Plant Physiology, 153: 558-565.
Blum, A., Gozlan, G., and Mayer, J. 1981. The manifestation of dehydration avoidance in wheat breeding germplasm. Crop Science, 21: 495-499.
Emam, Y., Ranjbari, A., and Bahrani, M.J. 2005. Evaluation of yield and yield components wheat genotypes under drought stress. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 1: 321-327.
Ercoli, L., Lulli, L., Mariotti, M., Masoni A., and Arduini, I. 2007. Post-anthesis dry matter and nitrogen dynamics in durum wheat as affected by nitrogen supply and soil water availability. European Journal of Agronomy, 28: 138-147. 86.
Farshadfar, A., and Mohammadi, R. 2003. Evaluation of physiological indices of drought resistance in agropiron using multiple selection index. Journal of Agricultural Science of Iran, 34(3): 635-646. (In Persian with English Summary).
Ferrat, J. L., and Lovatt, C. L. 1992. Relationship between relative water content, nitrogen pools, and growth of Phaseolus vulgaris and P. aconitfolius A. gray during water deficit. Crop science, 39: 467-473.
Ghandi, A., and Jalali, A. H. 2013. Effects of moderate terminal drought stress on wheat agronomic characteristics. Electronic Journal of Crop Production, 6(2): 117-134. (In Persian with English Summary).
Ghazian Tafrishi, S.h., Ayneh Band, A., Tavakkoli, H., Khavari Khorasani, S., and Jelini, M. 2013. Effect of irrigation and cultivation methods on yield different varieties of sweet corn. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 11(1): 171-178. (In Persian with English Summary).
Gooding, M.J., Ellis, R.H., Shewry, P. R., and Schofield, J. D. 2003. Effects of restricted water availability and increased temperature on the grain filling, drying and quality of winter wheat. Cereal Science,37: 295-309.
Gregersen, P.L., and Holm, P.B. 2007. Transcriptome analysis of senescence in the flag leaf of wheat. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 5: 192-206.
Huffaker, R.C., Radin, T., Kleinkopfig, E., and Cox, E.L. 1970. Effect of mild water stress on enzyme of nitrate assimilation and of the carboxylative phase of photosynthesis in barley. Crop Science, 10: 471- 474.
Kahlown, M.A., Raoof, A., Zubair, M., and Kemper, W.D. 2007. Water use efficiency and economic feasibility of growing rice and wheat with sprinkler irrigation in the Indus Basin of Pakistan. Agricultural WaterManagement, 87(3):292–298.
Kranner, I., Beckett, R.P., Wornik, S., Zorn, M., and Pfeifhofer, H.W. 2002. Revival of a resurrection plant correlates with its antioxidant status. The Plant Journal, 31: 13-24.
Liang, Z., Zhang, F., Shao, M., and Zhang, J. 2002. The relations of stomatal conductance, water consumption, growth rate to leaf water potential during soil drying and rewatering cycle of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica, 43: 187-192.
Mahmodian, M., Esmaeilzade Moghaddam, M., and Nasri, M. 2010. Canopy response, leaf chlorophyll, stomatal conductance and yield of bread wheat cultivars to drought stress. Journal of Ecophysiology of Crops, 3(2): 144-158. (In Persian without English Summary).
Moaveni, P., Habibi, D., and Abbaszadeh, B. 2009. Effect of drought stress on yield and yield components of four wheat cultivars in Qods. Iranian Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, 5(1): 69-84. (In Persian without English Summary).
Mohseni, S. A., and Akbari, M. 2012. Effect of Irrigation Removal in Different Growth Stages on Wheat yield of Alvand cultivar (Case study, Hamadan). Journal of Water and Soil (Agriculture Sciences and Technology), 25(6): 1386-1394. (In Persian with English Summary).
Pessarkli, M. 1999. Hand book of Plant and Crop Stress. Marcel Dekker Inc. p.697.
Pireivatlou, A. S., Dehdar Masjedlou, B., and Ramiz, T. A. 2010. Evaluation of yield potential and stress adaptive trait in wheat genotypes under post anthesis drought stress conditions. African Journal of AgriculturalResearch,5: 2829-2836.
Reynolds, M., Foulkes, M.J., Slafer, G.A., Berry, P., Parry, M.A.J., Snape, J.W., and Angus, W.J. 2009. Raising yield potential in wheat. Journal of experimental botany, 60: 1899-1918.
Royo, C., Voltas, J., and Romagosa, I. 1999. Remobilization of preanthesis assimilates to the grain for grain only and dual-purpose (forage and grain) triticale. Agronomy Journal, 91: 312-316.
Sioseh Mardeh, A., Ahmadi, A., Poustini, K., and Ebrahimzadeh, H. 2003. Stomatal and non-stomatal factors controlling photosynthesis and its relation to drought resistance in wheat cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Science of Iran, 35(1): 93-106. (In Persian with English Summary).
Smith, M.E., Coffman, W.R., and Baker, T.C. 1990. Environmental effects on selection under high and low input conditions. In: M.S. Kang(ed.), Genotype-by-Environmental Interaction and Plant Breeding, p. 261- 272. Lousiana State University, Baton Rouge.
Unkovich, M., Baldock, J., and Forbes, M. 2010. Variability in harvest index of grain crops and potential significance for carbon accounting: examples from Australian agriculture. Advances in Agronomy, 105: 173-219.
Wang, C.Y., Ma, Y., and Zhou, S. 1996. Study on effect of soil drought stress on winter wheat senescence. Acta Agricultural University of Henan, 30: 309-313.
Winter, S. R., Musick, J. T., Porter, K. B. 1988. Evaluation of screening techniques for breeding drought resistant winter wheat. Crop Science, 28: 512-516.
Yang, J., and Zang, J. 2006. Grain filling of cereals under soil drying. New phytologist, 169: 223-236. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 769 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,034 |
||