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اثر کودهای زیستی و آلی بر پارامترهای مورفولوژیک و عملکرد کامازولن بابونه آلمانی (Matricaria chamomilla L.) در شرایط تنش خشکی | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 34، شماره 6 - شماره پیاپی 92، بهمن و اسفند 1397، صفحه 949-962 اصل مقاله (283.16 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2019.121538.2302 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| عنایت الله توحیدی نژاد* 1؛ فرامرز رستگاری2 | ||
| 1استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکترای زراعت، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف تنش خشکی و نوع کود بر عملکرد کمّی و کیفی گیاه دارویی بابونه آلمانی (Matricaria chamomilla L.) آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی سازمان جهاد کشاورزی جیرفت در سال 1389 با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل تنش خشکی در سه سطح 40، 80 و 120 میلی‌متر تبخیر از طشتک تبخیر کلاسA به‌عنوان فاکتور اصلی و پنج تیمار کودی شامل شاهد، کود زیستی نیتروکسین، کود زیستی فسفات بارور-2، کود زیستی بیوسولفور و کود گاوی به‌عنوان کرت‌های فرعی بودند. صفات اندازه‌گیری شده شامل (تعداد ساقه اصلی، تعداد شاخه فرعی، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد کاپیتول در بوته، قطر کاپیتول، وزن خشک بوته، وزن گل تر، وزن گل خشک، درصد اسانس و عملکرد کامازولن) بود. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی بر تمام صفات کمّی و کیفی در سطح 1% معنی‌دار بود. مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد که آبیاری پس از 120 میلی‌متر تبخیر، عملکرد را در مقایسه با شاهد 25.1% کاهش داد. بیشترین میانگین عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد از تیمار آبیاری پس از 40 میلی‌متر تبخیر و کاربرد کود گاوی بدست آمد. بیشترین درصد اسانس (0.685%) و عملکرد اسانس (6.32 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار بیوسولفور و تنش متوسط مشاهده شد. بیشترین درصد کامازولن (6.45%) و عملکرد کامازولن (396.8 گرم در هکتار) در تنش متوسط و به‌ترتیب از تیمار کودی نیتروکسین و بیوسولفور حاصل گردید. به‌طور کلی نتایج نشان داد که در شرایط تنش شدید کود دامی و در شرایط تنش ملایم کود زیستی بیوسولفور مناسب‌ترین تیمار کودی در تولید بابونه بود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بابونه (Matricaria chamomilla L.)؛ تنش خشکی؛ اسانس؛ کامازولن؛ کود زیستی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of biological and organic fertilizers on morphological parameters and chamazulene yield of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) under drought stress condition | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| E. Tohidi Nejad1؛ F. Rastegari2 | ||
| 1Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran | ||
| 2Ph.D. student of Agronomy, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In order to evaluate the effects of water stress and fertilizer on yield and quality of chamomile (Marticaia chamomilla L.), a field experiment was conducted based on split plots design with three replications in the research farm of Jiroft Jahad-e Agriculture Organization, in 2010. The experimental treatments included water stress as main plot in three levels: 40, 80 and 120 mm evaporation from the class A evaporation pan, and fertilizer as sub plot in five levels: control, nitroxyn, bio-phosphate, biosulfore, and cow fertilizer. The traits measured included the number of main stem, number of lateral branches, plant height, number of capitol per plant, capitol diameter, plant dry matter, flower fresh and dry weight, essential oil content, and chamazulene yield. The results showed that the effects of drought stress on all qualitative and quantitative traits were significant (P≤0.01). Means comparison showed that the yield was reduced by 25.1 % in irrigation after 120 mm evaporation, compared to the control. The highest yield and yield componentswas obtained from irrigation after 40 mm evaporation with application of cow fertilizer. The highest values of essential oil percentage (0.85%) and essential oil yield (6.32 kg ha-1) were observed in the treatment of moderate stress and biosulfore. In addition, the highest chamazulene percentage (6.45%) and chamazulene yield (396.8 kg ha-1) were obtained from the nitroxyn and biosulfore fertilizer treatments in the moderate stress condition. Generally, the results showed that cow fertilizer in the severe stress and biosulfore in mild stress conditions were the best treatments in chamomile production. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Chamomile (Marticaia chamomilla L.), Drought Stress, Essential oils, chamazulene, Biofertilizer | ||
| مراجع | ||
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