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ارزیابی کارنده کاشت مستقیم در روش‌های مختلف مدیریت بقایای گندم در زراعت ذرت | ||
| تحقیقات سامانه‌ها و مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 20، شماره 73، اسفند 1398، صفحه 53-66 اصل مقاله (788.85 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/erams.2019.121891.1259 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مجید روزبه* 1؛ علی خانی2 | ||
| 1هیات علمی بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی فارس | ||
| 2کارشناس بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس(داراب) | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در سیستم های خاکورزی حفاظتی، بقایای زیاد محصولات زراعی بر سطح خاک، کارایی کارنده های کاشت مستقیم و در نتیجه تولید محصول را پایین می آورد و بدین گونه پذیرش این سیستم ها توسط کشاورزان را محدود می کند. برای ارزیابی کارایی کارندة کاشت مستقیم در روش های مختلف مدیریت بقایای محصولات و اثر آن بقایا بر عمق کاشت، سرعت جوانه زنی، یکنواختی عمق کاشت و ظرفیت مزرعه ای مؤثر در زراعت ذرت، مطالعه ای مزرعه ای با استفاده از طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با چهار تیمار و پنج تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمارها شامل رها کردن بقایای گیاهی (T1)، بیرون بردن (T2)، خرد کردن (T3) و دیسک زدن آنها (T4) بود. از تحلیل عاملی به منظور گروه بندی و تعیین مؤثرترین شاخص های کارایی کارنده استفاده شد. نتایج بررسی ها نشان داد که روش های مختلف مدیریت بقایای گیاهی تأثیر معنی داری بر ظرفیت مزرعه ای مؤثر، عمق کاشت، سرعت جوانه زنی و یکنواختی عمق کاشت ذرت دارد. کمترین میزان عمق کاشت و یکنواختی توزیع عمودی بذر در روش T1 مشاهده شد. یافته ها نشان میدهد تأثیر روش های مختلف مدیریت بقایای گیاهی بر سرعت جوانهزنی و یکنواختی عمق کاشت به ترتیب به صورت T2>T3>T1>T4و T2>T3>T4>T1 است. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل عاملی نشان میدهد که سرعت جوانه زنی، عمق کاشت و یکنواختی عمق کاشت برجسته ترین شاخص های کارایی کارنده کاشت مستقیم ذرت شناخته می شوند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تحلیل عاملی؛ خاک ورزی حفاظتی؛ سرعت جوانه زنی؛ کارایی کارنده؛ مدیریت بقایای گیاهی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of No-Till Drill Performance under Various Residue Management Methods in Corn Cropping | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ali Khani2؛ | ||
| 2Department of water and soil research, Darab Agricultural Resarch station | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Heavy crop residue on the soil surface impedes no-till drill performance and subsequent crop production in conservation tillage systems and therefore limit its adoption by farmers. Therefore, a field study was conducted to determine the effects of various residue management methods on no-till drill performance. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in five replications. The residue management systems were in four levels of leaving (T1), removing (T2), chopping (T3) and disking (T4). Factor analysis was used to group and identify the most effective indicators of drill performance. The results showed that various residue management methods had a significant effect on planting depth, the speed of emergence, effective field capacity, and depth uniformity. The minimum planting depth and depth uniformity observed for the T1 treatment in the corn crop. The findings revealed that the speed of emergence and depth uniformity was in the order T2>T3>T1>T4and T2>T3>T4>T1 in the corn crop. The results of factor analysis indicated that speed of emergence, planting depth and uniformity of depth were identified as the most effective indicators for evaluating no-till drill performance indexes. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Conservation Tillage, Crop Residue Management, Drill Performance, Emergence Speed, Factor Analysis | ||
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