| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,873 |
| تعداد مقالات | 32,555 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 42,418,944 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 19,194,594 |
نقش فرایندهای آب‌شناختی در ایجاد آبکند مبتنی بر روابط مساحت- شیب در مناطق خشک استان مرکزی | ||
| پژوهش های آبخیزداری | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 31، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 119، تیر 1397، صفحه 2-16 اصل مقاله (897.08 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/wmej.2018.121055.1095 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علی اکبر داودی‌راد* 1؛ مجید صوفی2 | ||
| 1استادیار بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مرکزی- سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج | ||
| 2دانشیار بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری- مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس- سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| فرسایش آبکندی، تهدیدی جدی در کمین جوامع بشری و محیط‌زیست است که با تمرکز جریان ایجاد می‌شود و متأثر از تغییرات پستی‌وبلندی، ویژگی‌های خاک و فعالیت‌های انسانی تشدید می‌یابد؛ ازاین‌رو در این پژوهش نوع فرایندهای آب‌شناختی مؤثر بر تشکیل آبکند در مناطق خشک استان مرکزی و در دو منطقه‌ی آبکندی رباط‌ترک و پیک‌زرندیه بررسی و آستانه‌ی مساحت-شیب در این دو منطقه تعیین شد. پس از برداشت مشخصات ریخت‌سنجی آبکندها، رابطه‌ی توانی مساحت- شیب برای آبکندها برقرار شد. نتایج نشان داد که در منطقه‌ی رباط‌ترک رابطه‌ی مساحت- شیب همبستگی زیادی دارد و توان b آن نیز منفی است. جریان سطحی همراه با تشدید فرسایشِ ناشی از عمل انحلال، در ایجاد آبکند این منطقه نقش داشت. در منطقه‌ی پیک‌زرندیه، همبستگی قوی در رابطه‌ی مساحت- شیب مشاهده نشد، ولی در تراز اطمینان 95% معنی‌دار بود. در این منطقه نیز تأثیر جریان سطحی و پدیده‌ی انحلال در تشکیل آبکند مشهود بود؛ ازاین‌رو افزون‌بر اهمیت اقلیم، با همگن‌سازی آبکندها براساس نوع کاربری می‌توان به مدل‌های بهتری دست‌یافت. به‌این‌ترتیب مقادیر واقعی‌تر از آستانه‌ی پستی‌وبلندی حاصل خواهد شد که شرایط محیطی منطقه را بهتر منعکس خواهد کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آستانه‌ی پستی‌وبلندی؛ استان مرکزی؛ فرایندهای ایجاد آبکند؛ هدررفت خاک | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Role of Hydrologic Processes in Formation of Gullies Based on the Area-Slope Relationship in Arid Regions of Markazi Province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Aliakbar Davudirad1؛ Majid Soufi2 | ||
| 1Associate Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, Markazi Agricultural and natural resources research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, Fars Agricultural and natural resources research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Gully erosion is a serious threat to the society and environment of the study, primarily caused by surface runoff and dramatically accelerated due to rugged topography, soil properties and human induced factors. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate hydrologic processes affecting gully formation by topographic indexes in arid regions of the Markazi Province. Then threshold of the slope -area in the gully regions of Robattork and Pik-e Zarandie were determined. A logarithmic equation was developed using the morphometric characteristics of the gullies, the slope-area relationship at Robat-Tork was highly correlated and the b coefficient was negative. The investigations revealed surface flow with dissolution action was involved in this area. In the Pik-e Zarandie region, this correlation wasn't strong, but it was significant at the level 95%. In this region, the effect of surface flow and dissolution phenomenon on the gully formation was also evident. In addition to the importance of the climate, gully categorizing based on land use can be achieved with better models. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the indices of topographic thresholds that best reflect the conditions of the local physical environment and land cover/use. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Markazi Province, processes of gully initiation, Soil loss, topographical thresholds | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abdulfatai IA, Okunlola WG, Akande L, Momoh O, Ibrahim KO. 2014. Review of gully erosion in Nigeria: causes, impacts and possible solutions. Journal of Geosciences and Geomatics. 2(3): 125–129. Addis HK, Adugna B, Gebretsadik M, Ayalew B. 2015. Gully morphology andrehabilitation measures in different agroecological environments of Northwestern Ethiopia. Applied and Environmental Soil Science. 9 p. DOI: 10.1155/2015/789479. Afegbua UK, Uwazuruonye J, Jafaru B. 2016. Investigating the causes and impacts of gully erosion in Auchi, Nigeria. Journal of Geography Environment and Earth Science International. 1–13. Agharazi H, Davudirad AA, Mardian M, Soufi M. 2014. Investigation of area–slope Thershold of gullies in Zahirabad Watershed, Shazand, Maekazi Province. Watershed Engineering and Management. 6(1): 1–9. (In Persian). Araujo TP. Pejon OJ. 2015.Topographical threshold for predicting gully erosion in the tropical region of São Pedro, SP, Brazil. EJGE. 20(18): 10043–10059. Archibold OW, Levesque J, De Boer DH, Aitken AE, Delanoy L. 2003. Gully retreat in a semi-urban catchment in Saskatoon. Journal of applied geomorphology. 23(4): 261–279. Bayati Khatibi M, Rajabi M, Karami F. 2011. Investigation of topographic thresholds and analyzing role of surface materials on gully development in the hillslope of semi-arid areas, Case study: Shoorchay. Geography and Environmental Planning Journal. 22(1): 15–34. (In Persian). Bergonse R, Reis E. 2016. Controlling factors of the size and location of large gully systems: A regression-based exploration using reconstructed pre-erosion topography, Catena. 147: 621–631. Davudirad AA, Soufi M, Ebrahimi NG, Najimi A. 2008. A morphoclimatic classification of gullies in Markazi Province. Research project report. Agricultural and natural Resources Research Center, Markazi Province, Iran. 102 p. (In Persian). Desmet, PJJ, Poesen J, Govers G, Vandaele K. 1999. Importance of slope gradient and contributing area for optimal prediction of the initiation and trajectory of ephemeral gullies. Catena. 37(3–4): 377–392. Frankl A, Poesen J, Scholiers N, Jacob M, Haile M, Deckers J, Nyssen J. 2013. Factors controlling the morphology and volume (V)–length (L) relations of permanent gullies in the Northern Ethiopian Highlands. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 38(14):1672–1684. Mehdipour A, Soufi M, Baniasadi M. 2007. Gully development and topographic threshold, case study: Kerman Province, Southeast of IR Iran. In Javier Casalí, Rafael Giménez (eds.): Progress in Gully Erosion Research. IV International Symposium on Gully Erosion. September 17–19, 2007. Pamplona, Spain. 92–93. Nachtergaele J, Poesen J. 2002. Spatial and temporal variations in resistance of loess-derived soils to ephemeral gully erosion. European Journal of Soil Science, 53(3): 449–463. Okoth PF. 2002. A Hierarchical method for soil erosion assessment and spatial risk modelling. A case study of Kiambu District in Kenya. Dissertation. Wageningen University, 232 p. Phillips JD. 2006. Evolutionary geomorphology: thresholds and nonlinearity in landform response to environmental change. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions. European Geosciences Union. 3 (2): 365–394. Poesen J. 2011. Challenges in gully erosion research. Landform Analysis.17: 5–9. Poesen J, Nachtergaele J, Verstraeten G, Valentin C. 2003. Gully erosion and environmental change: mportance and research needs. Catena. 50(2): 91–133. Poesen J, Vandekerckhove L, Nachtergaele J, Wijdenes DO, Verstraeten G, VanWesemael B. 2002. Gully erosion in dryland environments. In: Bull LJ, Kirkby MJ, Editors. Dryland Rivers: Hydrology and Geomorphology of Semi-arid Channels, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 229–262. Rahi Gh. 1998. Investigation of mechanism and reason gully establishment in the Genaveh port. A thesis of M.Sc. Faculty of Natural Resources. Tarbiat Modares University, 102 p. (In Persian). Shadfar S, Davudirad A, Peyrovan H. 2012. Investigation and comparison of gully erosion characteristics in agriculture and rangelands, Case Study: Rabat Turk Basin. Journal of Watershed Engineering and Management. 4(3): 217–222. (In Persian). Shahab Arkhazlou H, Emami H, Haghnia Gh, Esmali A, Mahmood Abdi M. 2016. Determining topographic threshold and effect of soil properties on gully development in three regions of Ardabil Province. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation. 23(3): 1–24. Shahbazi Kh, Salajeghe A, Jafari M, Ahmadi H, Nazari Samani AA, Khosroshahi M. 2016. Comparison of hydraulic thresholds of gully erosion in different land uses (Case study: Qasr Shirin, Kermanshah Province). Journal of Range and Watershed Management. 69(4):931–947. (In Persian). Soleimanpour SM. Soufi M. Ahmadi H. 2009. Determining effective factors on gully development in Konartakhte Region, Fars Province. Journal of Water and Soil. 23(1): 131–141. (In Persian). Soufi M. 2004. Morpho-climatic classification of gullies in Fars province, Southwest of IR Iran. ISCO 2004. 13th International Soil Conservation Organisation Conference. Brisbane. July 2004, 750. 4 p. Soufi M, Abolverdi Z. 2008. Investigation of topographic threshold in development of gullies in the Fars Province. 1th National Conference of management and agricultural development in the Iran, 4 p. (In Persian). Sufi M, Davudirad AA. 2008. Comparison of gully erosion in two different climatic and land use conditions in the central Iran, Markazi Province. ISCO 2008. 15th International Soil Conservation Organisation Conference. May 2008. Budapest. Hungry. 4 p. Tavakoli M, Rostamizad GH, Nazari Samani AA. 2015. Determine the location of gully occurred based on the geomorphology threshold and factors affecting it (Case study: Cham-e-Zhab of Darreshahr, Ilam). Environmental Erosion Reserch. 1(17): 44–57. (In Persian). Torri D, Poesen J. 2014. A review of topographic threshold conditions for gully head development in different environments. Earth-Science Reviews. 130: 73–85. Vandekerckhove L, Poesen J, Oostwoud D, De-Figueiredo T. 1998. Topographical thresholds for ephemeral gully initiation in intensively cultivated areas of the Mediterranean. Catena. 33(3–4): 271–292. Vandekerckhove L, Poesen J, Oostwoud D, Nachtergaele J, Kosmas C, Roxo MJ, De-Figueiredo T. 2000. Thersholds for gully initiation and sedimentation in Mediterranean Europe. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 25(11): 1201–1220. Vanmaercke M, Poesen J, Van Mele B, Demuzere M, Bruynseels A, Golosov V, Bezerra JFR, Bolysov S, Dvinskih A, Frankl A, Fuseina Y. 2016. How fast do gully headcuts retreat?. Earth-Science Reviews. 154: 336–355. Wilson GV. Cullum RF. Romkens MJ. 2008. Ephemeral gully erosion by preferential flow through a discontinuous soil-pipe. Catena. 73(1): 98–106. Yasrebi B, Noormohammadi F, Soufi M, Sadeghi SHR. 2010. Investigation of topographic threshold gully erosion in the Darreh-Shahr, Ilam Province. 4th National conference on erosion and sediment, Tarbiat Modarres University, 8 p.(In Persian) Zabihi M. Mirchooli F. Motevalli A. Darvishan AK. Pourghasemi HR. Zakeri MA. Sadighi F. 2018. Spatial modelling of gully erosion in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran. Catena. 161: 1–13. Zhou P, Luukkanen O, Tokola T, Nieminen J. 2008. Effect of vegetation cover on soil erosion in a mountainous watershed. Catena. 75 (3): 319–325. Zweig R, Filin S, Avni Y, Sagy A, Mushkin A. 2018. Land degradation and gully development in arid environments deduced by mezzo-and micro-scale 3-D quantification–The Negev Highlands as a case study. Journal of Arid Environments. 153: 52–65. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 341 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 751 |
||