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تاثیر مدیریت‌های چرایی مختلف بر صفات عملکردی گیاهان در منطقه نیمه استپی کرسنک استان چهارمحال و بختیاری | ||
| تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 25، شماره 3، آذر 1397، صفحه 547-561 اصل مقاله (651.43 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijrdr.2018.117806 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| الهام بنی هاشمی* 1؛ پژمان طهماسبی2؛ اسماعیل اسدی2 | ||
| 1دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، مرتعداری دانشگاه منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین دانشگاه شهرکرد، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه مرتعداری، دانشگاه منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین دانشگاه شهرکرد، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| چرای دام یکی از عوامل مهم تاثیرگذار بر ساختار و پویایی پوشش گیاهی مراتع محسوب می‌شود. این تحقیق با هدف شناسایی صفات عملکردی گیاهان که می‌توانند به عنوان شاخصی برای بررسی اثرات مدیریت چرای دام در مرتع استفاده شوند. در منطقه نیمه‌‌استپی کرسنک استان چهارمحال و بختیاری صورت گرفته است.برای نمونه‌برداری 7 سایت قرق و چرا شده در طول گرادیان انتخاب و ضمن استقرار یک ترانسکت 100 متری به‌طور تصادفی و 5 پلات چهار مترمربعی به شکل سیستماتیک به فواصل 20 متر در طول این ترانسکت، در هر پلات پس از شناسایی گونه‌های موجود درصد پوشش هریک از گونه‌ها تخمین زده شد و صفات گیاهی اندازه‌گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که صفات گیاهی همچون ارتفاع گیاه، طول برگ، وزن کلی گیاه، خوشخوراکی کلاس I و خوشخوراکی کلاس II، فرم رویشی فورب، عمر زیستی یک‌ساله و چندساله و شکل زیستی تروفیت و ژئوفیت اختلاف معنی‌داری در دو منطقه مدیریتی قرق و غیرقرق دارند (05/0Sig ≤). هم‌چنین مقادیر میانگین ارزش صفات طول برگ، خوشخوراکی II، فرم رویشی فورب و شکل زیستی تروفیت در منطقه قرق بیشتر از منطقه غیرقرق می‌باشند. طبق نتایج تحلیل مولفه‌های اصلی، تأثیرپذیرترین صفات به ترتیب عبارتند از وزن کلی گیاه، یک‌ساله و چندساله بودن، فرم رویشی بوته‌ای، فرم زیستی کامفیت، فانروفیت و تروفیت، ابعادبرگ و خوشخوراکی کلاس II و III است. این صفات حدود 60 درصد تغییرات را توجیه می‌کنند. در نهایت با تلفیق نتایج آزمون T و PCA صفات کلاس خوشخوراکی، وزن کلی گیاه، ابعاد برگ، کلاس خوشخوراکی و فرم رویشی و فرم زیستی گیاهان به عنوان مهم‌ترین صفات در ارزیابی مدیریت چرای دام در منطقه معرفی می‌شوند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| قرق؛ صفات عملکردی؛ کرسنک؛ گرادیان چرایی؛ گیاهی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of different grazing management on plant functional traits in a semi-stepp rangeland, Karsanak, Chaharmahal-Va-Bakhtiari Province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Elham Banihashemi1؛ Pezhman Tahmasebi2؛ Esmael Asadi2 | ||
| 1Former M.Sc. Student in Rangeland Management, Shahrekord University of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Rangeland Management, Shahrekord University of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Livestock grazing is one of the most important factors influencing on the structure and dynamics of the rangeland vegetation. The aim of this study was to identify the plant functional traits as the indicators for the effects of grazing management on Karsanak semi-steppe rangelands of Chahar Mahal Va Bakhtiari province. A randomized-systematic sampling method was used to survey vegetation in seven grazed and enclosure sites by estimating plant cover in five plots of 4 m2 along a 100-m transect in each site. Then, the plant traits were measured and compared among grazed and enclosure sites. The results showed that there were significant differences between grazed and enclosure sites in several functional groups including plant height, leaf area, total plant weight , palatability class I and II, annuals and perennials, therophytes , and geophytes (P<0.05). The results also showed that the mean value of leaf length, the plant cover of species with palatability class II, forbs, and therophytes were significantly increased in non-grazed area compared to grazing area. The results of PCA showed that the most affecting factors responsible for overall changes in vegetation were plant weight, perennial and annual plant species, shrub growth form, chaemophytes, phanerophytes and phanerophytes forms, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and palatability class II and class III, justifying 60% of total variation in plant community composition. Combining the results of t-test and PCA, the results indicate that plant traits including total plant weight, leaf length and width, leaf area, palatability class, and life form are among the most important indicators to evaluate the effect of grazing managements on the structure and dynamics of vegetation in semi- steppe rangelands. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Grazing gradient, Karsanak, non- grazed, plant functional traits | ||
| مراجع | ||
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