| تعداد نشریات | 285 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 83 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,139 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,918 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 50,383,620 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 90,276,993 |
تاثیر مدیریتهای چرایی مختلف بر صفات عملکردی گیاهان در منطقه نیمه استپی کرسنک استان چهارمحال و بختیاری | ||
| تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 25، شماره 3، آذر 1397، صفحه 547-561 اصل مقاله (651.43 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijrdr.2018.117806 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| الهام بنی هاشمی* 1؛ پژمان طهماسبی2؛ اسماعیل اسدی2 | ||
| 1دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، مرتعداری دانشگاه منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین دانشگاه شهرکرد، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه مرتعداری، دانشگاه منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین دانشگاه شهرکرد، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| چرای دام یکی از عوامل مهم تاثیرگذار بر ساختار و پویایی پوشش گیاهی مراتع محسوب میشود. این تحقیق با هدف شناسایی صفات عملکردی گیاهان که میتوانند به عنوان شاخصی برای بررسی اثرات مدیریت چرای دام در مرتع استفاده شوند. در منطقه نیمهاستپی کرسنک استان چهارمحال و بختیاری صورت گرفته است.برای نمونهبرداری 7 سایت قرق و چرا شده در طول گرادیان انتخاب و ضمن استقرار یک ترانسکت 100 متری بهطور تصادفی و 5 پلات چهار مترمربعی به شکل سیستماتیک به فواصل 20 متر در طول این ترانسکت، در هر پلات پس از شناسایی گونههای موجود درصد پوشش هریک از گونهها تخمین زده شد و صفات گیاهی اندازهگیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که صفات گیاهی همچون ارتفاع گیاه، طول برگ، وزن کلی گیاه، خوشخوراکی کلاس I و خوشخوراکی کلاس II، فرم رویشی فورب، عمر زیستی یکساله و چندساله و شکل زیستی تروفیت و ژئوفیت اختلاف معنیداری در دو منطقه مدیریتی قرق و غیرقرق دارند (05/0Sig ≤). همچنین مقادیر میانگین ارزش صفات طول برگ، خوشخوراکی II، فرم رویشی فورب و شکل زیستی تروفیت در منطقه قرق بیشتر از منطقه غیرقرق میباشند. طبق نتایج تحلیل مولفههای اصلی، تأثیرپذیرترین صفات به ترتیب عبارتند از وزن کلی گیاه، یکساله و چندساله بودن، فرم رویشی بوتهای، فرم زیستی کامفیت، فانروفیت و تروفیت، ابعادبرگ و خوشخوراکی کلاس II و III است. این صفات حدود 60 درصد تغییرات را توجیه میکنند. در نهایت با تلفیق نتایج آزمون T و PCA صفات کلاس خوشخوراکی، وزن کلی گیاه، ابعاد برگ، کلاس خوشخوراکی و فرم رویشی و فرم زیستی گیاهان به عنوان مهمترین صفات در ارزیابی مدیریت چرای دام در منطقه معرفی میشوند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| قرق؛ صفات عملکردی؛ کرسنک؛ گرادیان چرایی؛ گیاهی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of different grazing management on plant functional traits in a semi-stepp rangeland, Karsanak, Chaharmahal-Va-Bakhtiari Province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Elham Banihashemi1؛ Pezhman Tahmasebi2؛ Esmael Asadi2 | ||
| 1Former M.Sc. Student in Rangeland Management, Shahrekord University of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Rangeland Management, Shahrekord University of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Livestock grazing is one of the most important factors influencing on the structure and dynamics of the rangeland vegetation. The aim of this study was to identify the plant functional traits as the indicators for the effects of grazing management on Karsanak semi-steppe rangelands of Chahar Mahal Va Bakhtiari province. A randomized-systematic sampling method was used to survey vegetation in seven grazed and enclosure sites by estimating plant cover in five plots of 4 m2 along a 100-m transect in each site. Then, the plant traits were measured and compared among grazed and enclosure sites. The results showed that there were significant differences between grazed and enclosure sites in several functional groups including plant height, leaf area, total plant weight , palatability class I and II, annuals and perennials, therophytes , and geophytes (P<0.05). The results also showed that the mean value of leaf length, the plant cover of species with palatability class II, forbs, and therophytes were significantly increased in non-grazed area compared to grazing area. The results of PCA showed that the most affecting factors responsible for overall changes in vegetation were plant weight, perennial and annual plant species, shrub growth form, chaemophytes, phanerophytes and phanerophytes forms, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and palatability class II and class III, justifying 60% of total variation in plant community composition. Combining the results of t-test and PCA, the results indicate that plant traits including total plant weight, leaf length and width, leaf area, palatability class, and life form are among the most important indicators to evaluate the effect of grazing managements on the structure and dynamics of vegetation in semi- steppe rangelands. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Grazing gradient, Karsanak, non- grazed, plant functional traits | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
-Aghajanloo, F. and Moosavi, A., 2001. Investigating the effects of enclosure on qualitative and quantitative variation of vegetation in rangelands (1995-2002 years). Forest and Rangeland Journal, 67: 86-89. -Akbarzadeh, M., Moghadam, M. R., Jalili, A., Jafari, M. and Arzani, H., 2007. Vegetation dynamic study of Kuhrang exclosure. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 13(4): 324-336. -AN, H. and Li, G., 2014. Differential Effects of Grazing on Plant Functional Traits in the Desert Grassland. Polish Journal of Ecology, 62(2): 239-251. -Arzani, H. and Abedi, M., 2015. Rangeland assessment: Vegetation measurement. University of Tehran press, 304pp. -Badripour, H., 1998. Effects of distance from trough on the range condition and vegetation characteristics. M.Sc. thesis in Range Management, Tehran University: 90pp. -Barboni, D., Harrison, S. P. and Bartlein, P. J., 2004. Relationships between plant traits and climate in the Mediterranean region: a pollen data analysis. Journal of Vegetation Science.15:635–646. -Cornelissen, J. H. C., Lavorel, S., Garnier, E., Díaz, S., Buchmann, N., Gurvich, D. E., Reich, P. B., ter Steege, H., Morgan, H. D., van der Heijden, M. G. A., Pausas, J. G. and Poorter, H., 2003. A handbook of protocols for standardized and easy measurement of plant functional traits worldwide. Australian Journal of Botany, 51: 335-380. -Díaz, S., Hector, A. and Wardle, D. A., 2009. Biodiversity in forest carbon sequestration initiatives: not just a side benefit. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 1:55–60. -Díaz, S., Hodgson, J.G., Thompson, K., Cabido, M., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Jalili, A., Montserrat-Martí, G., Grime, J. P., Zarrinkamar, F., Asri, Y., Band, S. R., Basconcelo, S., Castro-Díez, P., Funes, G., Hamzehee, B., Khoshnevi, M., Pérez-Harguindeguy, N., Pérez-Rontomé, MC., Shirvany, F. A., de Torres-Espuny, L., Falczuk, V., Guerrero-Campo, J., Hynd, A., Jones, G., Kowsary, E., Kazemi-Saeed, F., Maestro-Martínez, M., Romo-Díez, A., Shaw, S., Siavash, B., Villar-Salvador, P. and Zak, M. R., 2004. The plant traits that drive ecosystems: evidence from three continents. Journal of Vegetation Science, 15: 295–304. -Díaz, S., Noy-Meir, I. and Cabido, M., 2001. Can grazing response of herbaceous plants be predicted from simple vegetative traits? Journal of Applied Ecology, 38: 497–508. -Eteraf, H., Javadi, M. R. and Hosseini. S. A., 2012. Effects of livestock grazing on rangeland vegetation in saline and alkali. Journal of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Resources, 1(3): 97-110. -Fakhimi, E., Dianati Tilaki, Gh., Mesdaghi, M. and Naderi Nasr Abad, H., 2009. The effect of water point distances on species diversity and species composition in dry Rangelands of Nodushan, Yazd Province, Iran, Rangelands Journal, 3(1), 41-52. -Gholami, P., Ghorbani, J. and Shokri, M., 2011. Species diversity changes of standing vegetation and soil seed bank in exclosure and grazing area (Case study: Mahoor Mamasani Rangelands, Fars Province). Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Reseach, 20(4), 745-755. -Gitay, H. and Noble, I. R., 1997. What are functional types and how should we seek them? Plant Functional Types: Their Relevance to Ecosystem Properties and Global Change (eds T.M.Smith, H. H. Shugart and F.I.Woodward), pp. 3–19. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. -Heidarian Aghakhani, M., Naghipour Borj, A. A. and Tavakoli, H., 2010. The Effects of grazing intensity on vegetation and soil in Sisab rangelands,Bojnord, Iran. Iranian journal of Range and Desert Reseach, 17 (2):243-255. -Holechek, J. L., Pieper, R. D. and Herbal, C. H., 1989. Range Management: principles and practices. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey. -Hoshino, A., Yoshihara, Y., Sasaki, T., Okayasu, T., Jamsran, U., Okuro, T. and Takeuchi, K., 2009. Comparison of vegetation changes along grazing gradients with different numbers of livestock. Journal of Arid Environment, 73: 687-690. -Hosseinzadeh, G., Jalilvand, H. and Gamartash, R., 2007. Vegetation Cover Changes and Some Chemical Soil Properties in Pastures with Different Grazing Intensities. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Reseach,14(4): 500-512. -Jalilvand, H., Tamartash, R. and Heydarpour, H., 2007. Grazing Impact on Vegetation and Some Soil Chemical Properties in Kojour Rangelands, Noushahr, Iran, Journal of Rangeland, 1(1):53-66. -Khani, M., Ghanbarian, G. and Kamali Maskooni, E., 2011. Comparison between plant species richness and diversity indices along different grazing gradients in southern warm-arid rangelands of Fars. Journal of Rangeland, 5 (2): 129-136. -Klimesova, J., Latzel, V., de Bello, F. and van Groenendael, J. M., 2008. Plant functional traits in studies of vegetation changes response to grazing and mowing: towards a use of more specific traits. Perslia, 80: 245-253. -Kohandel, A., Chaichi, M. R., Arzani, H., Mohseni Saravi, M. and Zahedi Amiri, G., 2007. Effect of Different Grazing Intensities on Plant Cover Composition, and on Moisture Content, Mechanical Resistance and Infiltration Rate of the Soils, Savojbolagh Rangelands, Journal of the Iranian Natural Resource, 59(4): 1001-1011. -Koochaki, A., Nasiri Mahallati, M., Banayan Aval, M. and Kolahi Ahari, A., 1993. Grazing management in rangeland. Mashhad press, 499p. -Lavorel, S. and Garnier, E., 2002. predicting changes in community composition and ecosystem functioning from plant traits: revisiting the Holy Grail. Functional Ecology, 16(5): 545-556. -Lavorel, S., Díaz, S. and Cornelissen, J.H.C., 2007. Plant functional types: are we getting any closer to the Holy Grail? In: Canadell, J., Pitelka, L. F., Pataki, D., (Eds). Terrestrial Ecosystems in a Changing World. Springer press, Berlin, 171-186. -Lavorel, S. and Garnier, E., 2002. Predicting changes in community composition and ecosystem functioning from plant traits: revisiting the Holy Grail. Functional Ecology,16: 545-556. -McIntyre, S. and Lavorel, S., 2001. Livestock grazing in subtropical pastures: steps in the analysis of attribute response and plant functional types. Journal of Ecology, 89(2), 209–226. -McIntyre, S., Lavorel, S., Landsberg, J. and Forbes, T. D. A., 1999. Disturbance response in vegetation towards a global perspective on functional traits. Journal of Vegetation Science,10:621–630. -Mesdaghi, M., 2000. Investigation on richness of species and life forms at three utilization in the semi-steppic north-east grasslands of Iran. Agriculture& Natural Resource Journal of Iran, 7(3), 55-62. (In Persian) -Mesdaghi, M., 2000. Vegitation Analyze and Description, Jahad Daneshgahi publication, 287p. -Mirdeilami, S. Z. and Hosseini, A., 2015. Investigation of grazing intensities on strauctural attributes of plant patches in Inchebroun Rangelands, Golestan Province. Journal of Rangeland, 9(2): 195-205. -Mirdeilami, S.Z., Heshmati, G.h. and Mazandarani, M., 2012. Investigation of flora, life form and chorology of medicinal plants in arid and semi-arid region of northeast of Golestan province. Journal of Plant Science Researches, 26(7(2)): 27-36. -Moghaddam, M.R., 2007. Range and Range Management. 4rd edition. Tehran University press, 470p. -Navarroa, T., Aladosb, C. L. and Cabezudoa, B., 2006. Change in plant functional types in response to goat and sheep grazing in two semi-arid shrublands of SE Spain. Journal of Arid Environments, 64: 298_322. -Nikan, M., Ejtehadi, H., Jangjou, M., Memariani, F., Noduoust, F. and Hassanpour, H., 2010. Variation in morphological and functional traits of rangelands plants along the grazing gradient in a semi-steppe rangeland, 16th National and 4th International Conference of Biology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran, 14-16 September,886-892. -Shokri, M., Tavili, M. and Malaie Kandolosi, J., 2007. The impacts of grazing intensity on species richness of upland grassland in Alborz. The Iranian Journal Rangeland, 1(3): 269-277. -Smith, T.M., Shugart, H.H. and Woodward, F.I., 1997. Plant Functional Types: Their Relevance to Ecosystem Properties and Global Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. -Tahmasebi Kohyani, P. and Ebrahimi, A., 2011. Plant Animal Interaction. Shahrekord University Publications: 197pp. -Wardle, D. A., Walker, L. R. and Bardgett, R. D., 2004. Ecosystem properties and forest decline in contrasting long-term chronosequences. Science, 305(5683):509–513. -Yayneshet, T., Eik, L. O. and Moe, S. R., 2009. The effects of exclosures in restoring degraded semi- arid vegetation in communal grazing lands in northern Ethiopia. Journal of Arid Environments, 73: 542–549. -Yeo, J.J., 2005. Effects of grazing exclusion on rangeland vegetation and soils, East Central Idaho. Western North American Naturalist, 65(1): 91-102. -Zheng, S.X., L an, Z.C., Li, W.H., Shao R.X., Shan, Y.M., Wan, H.W., Taube, F. and Bai Y.F., 2011 – Differential responses of plant functional trait to grazing between two contrasting dominant C3 and C4 species in a typical steppe of Inner Mongolia, China. Journal of Plant Soil. 340: 141–155. -Zheng, S. X., Ren, H. Y., L an, Z. C., Li, W. H., Wang, K. B. and Bai Y. F., 2010 – Effects of grazing on leaf traits and ecosystem functioning in Inner Mongolia grasslands: scaling from species to community – Biogeosciences, 7: 1117–1132. -Zheng, S., Li, W., Lan, Z., Ren, H. and Wang, K., 2015. Functional trait responses to grazing are mediated by soil moisture and plant functional group identity. Scientific Reports 5, Article number: 18163 | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 704 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 478 |
||