| تعداد نشریات | 283 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 81 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,766 |
| تعداد مقالات | 31,497 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 39,698,923 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 17,254,033 |
حسابداری آب در مزرعه چغندرقند تحت مدیریت دور و عمق آب آبیاری (مطالعه موردی: منطقه میاندواب) | ||
| چغندرقند | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 34، شماره 1، مرداد 1397، صفحه 31-48 اصل مقاله (551.29 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: کامل علمی - پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/jsb.2018.115370.1165 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| امیر نورجو* 1؛ مجید منتصری2؛ جواد بهمنش3؛ مهدی اکبری4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری آبیاری و زهکشی دانشگاه ارومیه و عضو هیئت علمی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجانغربی | ||
| 2استاد بخش مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران. | ||
| 3دانشیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران | ||
| 4دانشیار پژوهشی، موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| یکی از عمده دلایل خشکی دریاچه ارومیه در سالهای اخیر، تغییرات اقلیمی و توسعه کشت محصولات با نیاز آبی بالا از جمله چغندرقند بوده است. حسابداری آب با ارائه تصویر روشن از آب مصرفی در مزرعه، قادر به تشخیص فرصتهای صرفهجویی در مصرف آب میباشد. بدین منظور اجزاء حسابداری آب و شاخصهای عملکرد بر اساس نتایج تحقیقاتی مزرعه آزمایشی چغندرقند در منطقه میاندواب با استفاده از مدل Aqua Crop استخراج و سیستم حسابداری بر اساس مدیریت کم آبیاری و دور آبیاری در چارچوب حسابداری آب در مقیاس مزرعهای پیاده شد. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده سهم بارش از جریان ورودی خالص در آبیاری کامل با نوبت هفت روز در حدود هشت درصد بود و با افزایش دور آبیاری و اعمال مقادیر بیشتر کم آبیاری به 14 درصد افزایش یافت. بررسی نشانگر سهم تخلیه از جریان ناخالص ورودی نشان داد در دور آبیاری کوتاه مقدار آن به یک نزدیک بوده و تقریباً تمام آب ورودی به مزرعه به مصرف (تخلیه) رسید و فرصتی برای صرفهجویی در مصرف آب مهیا نگردید. همچنین افزایش دور آبیاری موجب افزایش نشانگر سهم تخلیه فرایندی از کل آب مصرفی شد که افزایش آن جزء اهداف مدیریت آب در مزرعه محسوب میگردد و سهم تخلیه فرایندی را بهبود بخشد. بررسی شاخصهای بهرهوری مصرف آب نشان داد کم آبیاری بهبود شاخصها را به دنبال داشت ولی کارایی مصرف آب را کاهش داد چرا که در کم آبیاری نسبت تبخیر که جزو تلفات غیرفرایندی است افزایش چشمگیری پیدا میکند لذا موفقیت در اتخاذ استراتژی کم آبیاری برای صرفهجویی در مصرف آب مستلزم به کارگیری شیوههای دیگر مدیریتی در مزرعه نظیر استفاده از خاکپوشها و آبیاری قطرهای میباشد که به تواند جزء تبخیر را که جزو تلفات غیرفرایندی و غیرمفید است تحت کنترل درآورد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بهرهوری مصرف آب؛ چغندرقند؛ حسابداری آب؛ دریاچه ارومیه؛ مدل AquaCrop | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Water accounting in sugar beet field under duration and depth of irrigation management (case study: Miandoab region) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| amir nourjou1؛ majid Montaseri2؛ javad Behmanesh3؛ mehdi Akbari4 | ||
| 1Ph.D. student of Irrigation and Drainage; Water Engineering Department; Urmia University | ||
| 2Professor of Department of Water Engineering Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. | ||
| 3Associate Professor of Department of Water Engineering Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. | ||
| 4Associate Professor of Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| One of the main causes of drought occurrence in Urmia Lake in recent years was climate change and the development of crops with high water requirements including sugar beet. Water accounting is able to identify water saving opportunities by providing a clear picture of the amount of water used on the field. To this end, the water accounting and performance indicators based on the research results of the sugar beet fields in Miandoab region were extracted using the Aqua Crop model, and the accounting system was implemented based on low irrigation and irrigation duration in the framework of water accounting under field scale. According to the results, the contribution of precipitation from the net inflow in full irrigation with a seven-day rotation was about 8%, and with increased irrigation duration and imply of more low irrigation it amounted to 14%. An assessment of the drainage ratio from the gross inflow current showed that it was close to one in low irrigation interval and nearly all input water into the field was consumed (drained) and no opportunity was made to save water. Also, increase in irrigation duration resulted in an increase in the rate of evacuation of the total water consumption, which is considered as one of the objectives of water management in the field and improves the rate of evacuation process. Investigating the water use productivity indices showed that irrigation improved indices, but reduced the water use efficiency since in low irrigation, the rate of evaporation, which is a non-process loss, was significantly increased. Therefore, success in adopting a low irrigation strategy to save water involves the use of other management practices on the field such as the mulch and drip irrigation application which can control the evaporation. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Aqua Crop model, sugar beet, Urmia Lake, Water accounting, Water use efficiency | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Akbari M. Soil Water Balance and Crop Yield of Winter Wheat Using Aqua Crop Simulation Model. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research. 2012; 12(4):19-34. (in Persian, abstract in English)
Agha Kouchak A, Norouzi H, Madani K, Mirchi A, Azarderakhsh M, Nazemi A. Aral Sea syndrome desiccates Lake Urmia: Call for action. Journal of Great Lakes Research. 2015; 41: 307–311.
Anon. Urmia Lake restoration program. Brief report and projects outline. Urmia Lake restoration program and Sharif University of technology. 2015, 37 p. (in Persian)
Anon. Annual Agricultural Statistics. Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture of Iran. Available at: http://www.maj.ir. 2013. (in Persian)
Anon. The ETo Calculator Evapotranspiration from a Reference Surface. Reference Manual. 2009;Version 3.1. FAO. Rome. Italy.
Bastiaanssen WGM, Schakel JK, Singh R, Kumar S, Jhorar RK. Analysis and recommendations for integrated on-farm water management in Haryana, India: A model approach. 1997. Report 118. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Dienst Landbouwkundig Onderzoek (DLO)-Winand Staring Centre.
Bhuyian SI, Sattar MA, Khan MAK. Improving water use efficiency in rice irrigation through wet seeding. Irrigation Science. 1995; (16): 1–8.
Bluemling B, Yang H, Pahl-Wostl C. Making water productivity operational—A concept of agricultural water productivity exemplified at a wheat–maize cropping pattern in the North China plain. Agricultural Water Management. 2007; 91(1–3): 11-23.
Blum A. Effective Use of Water (EUW) and not Water Use Efficiency (WUE) is the target of crop yield improvement under drought stress. Field Crops Research. 2009; 112(2–3):119-123.
Clemmens AJ, Allen RG, Burt CM. Technical concepts related to conservation of irrigation and rainwater in agricultural systems. Water Resources Research. 2008; 44, 16.
Ebrahimipak NA, Ghalebi S. Determination of evapotranspiration and crop coefficient (kc) of sugar beet using lysimeter and comparing it with experimental methods in Shahrekord. Journal of Sugar Beet. 2013; 30 (1): 41-58.
El-Bably AZ, Abd El-Hafez SA, Mahmoud MA, Oud, AAH. A New Conceptual Framework for Water Conservation Based on Addressing Water Balance, Crop Rotation and Economics. International Journal of Water Resources and Arid Environments. 2015; 4(2): 120-127.
FAO. World Agriculture: towards 2015/2030. An FAO Perspective. FAO-Earthscan Publications Ltd., London, UK. 2003; pp 432.
Foster SSD, Perry CJ. Improving groundwater resource accounting in irrigated areas: a prerequisite for promoting sustainable use. Hydrogeology Journal. 2010; 18(2): 291–294.
Gleick PH, Christian-Smith J, Cooley H. Water-use efficiency and productivity: Rethinking the basin approach. Water International. 2011; 36 (7): 784-798.
Israelsen OW. Irrigation principles and practices. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1932; pp 411.
Huffaker R. Conservation potential of agricultural water conservation subsidies. Water Resources Research. 2008; 44:1-8. 44. W00E01,doi:10.1029/2007WR006183.
Jovzi M, Zare Abyaneh H. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and deficit irrigation on quantitative and qualitative traits of sugar beet. Journal of Sugar Beet. 2015; 31(2): 141-156.
Keller A, Keller J. Effective efficiency: A water use concept for allocating freshwater resources. Water Resources and Irrigation Division Discussion Paper 22. Arlington, VA, USA: Winrock International. 1995.
Lecina S, Isidoro D, Playjn E, Aragüés R. Irrigation modernization in Spain: effects on water quantity and quality. A conceptual approach. Int. Journal of Water Resources. 2010; 26 (2):265–282.
Mishra HS, Rathore TR, Tomar VS. Water use efficiency of irrigated wheat in the Tarai region of India. Irrigation Science. 1995; 16 (2): 75–80.
Molden D. Accounting for water use and productivity. SWIM Paper 1. Colombo, Sri Lanka. International Irrigation Management Institute. 1997; pp 16.
Molden D, Sakthivadivel R. Water accounting to assess use and productivity of water. Int. Journal of Water Resources. 1999; 15(1/2): 55–71.
Molden D, De Fraiture C. Investing in Water for Food, Ecosystems and Livelihoods. Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture, 2004. Blue Paper Discussion Draft. Stockholm, IWMI.
Molden DJ, Oweis T. Pathways for increasing agricultural water productivity, Water for food, water for life. Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture. Earthscan, London and International WaterManagement Institute, Colombo. 2007.
Molden D, Oweis T, Steduto P, Bidraban P, Hanjra MA, Kijne J. Improving agricultural water productivity: Between optimism and caution. Agricultural Water Management. 2010; 97: 528-535.
Nourjou A, Bagaee Kia M, Jodaee A. An investigation on the effects of deficit irrigation and its economic evaluation on the sugar beet crop. Weast Azarbaijan Agricultural Research Center. 2002. 93 p. Research Report. 81/205. (in Persian, abstract in English)
Nourjou A, Abbasi F, Bagaee kia M, Jodaee A. The effects of deficit irrigation on the quality and quantity of sugar beet crop in Meandoab region. Journal of Sugar Beet. 2007; 22(2):53-66. (in Persian, abstract in English)
Perry CJ, Steduto P, Allen RG, Burt CM. Increasing productivity in irrigated agriculture: agronomic constraints and hydrological realities. Agric. Water Manage. 2009; 96(11): 1517–1524.
Raes D, Steduto P, Hsiao TC, Fereres E. AquaCrop-The FAO crop model for predicting yield response to water: II. Main algorithms and soft ware description. Agron. J. 2009; 101: 438-447.
Rathore AL, Pal AR, Sahu RK, Chadhary JL. On-farm rainwater and crop management for improving productivity of rainfed areas. Agricultural Water Management. 1996; 31: 253–267.
Seckler D. The New Era of Water Resources Management: From ‘Dry’ to ‘Wet’ Water Savings. Issues in Agriculture, 8,April 1996. Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research.http://www.cgiar.org/publications/pub_issues.html.
Seckler D, Molden D, Sakthivadivel R. The concept of efficiency in water resources management and policy. Water productivity in agriculture: Limits and opportunities for improvements. Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture Series 1, CABI International, UK. 2003.
Shahbazi HA, Zolfagharan A, Ghaemi AR, Ahmadi M, Mohammadian R. Effects of different irrigation levels and salinity on qualitative and quantitative yield of sugar beet. Journal of Sugar Beet; 2014; 30(2):183-192.
Solomon KH. Yield related interpretations of irrigation uniformity and efficiency measures. Irrigation Science. 1984; 5: 161-172.
Solomon KH, Burt CM. Irrigation sagacity: A performance parameter for reasonable and beneficial user. 1997; ASAE Paper No. 97-2181.
Steduto P, Hsiao TC, Raes D, Fereres E. Aqua Crop-The FAO crop model to simulate yield response to water: I. Concepts and underlying principles. Agron. J. 2009; 101: 426-437.
Tuong TP, Cabangon RJ, Wopereis MCS. Quantifying flow processes during land soaking of cracked rice soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 1996; 60(3):1002-1018.
Viets FG. Fertilizer and efficient use of water. Advances in Agronomy. 1962; 14: 223-264.
Whisler FD, Acock B, Baker DN, Fye RE, Hodges HF, Lambert JR, Lemmon HE, Mc Kinion JM, Reddy VR. Crop simulation models in agronomic systems. Adv. Agron. 1986; 40:141–208.
Whittlesey NK, McNeal BL, Obersinner VF. Concepts affecting irrigation management. Energy and Water Management in Western Irrigated Agriculture. Studies in Water Policy and Management. 1986; 7: 101-127.
Willardson LS, Allen RG, Frederiksen HD. Universal fractions and the elimination of irrigation efficiencies. Paper presented at the 13th Technical Conference, USCID, Denver, Colorado, and October 19-22, 1994. Duplicated.
Zolfagharan A, Nourjou A. Investigation of irrigation management effects on sugar beet yield with SWAP and Aqua Crop models (case study of Khorasan Razavi and west azarbaijan). 2015. 47 p. Agricultural Engineering Research Institute. Research Report. 95/50415. (in Persian, abstract in English) | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 663 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 477 |
||