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حسابداری آب در مزرعه چغندرقند تحت مدیریت دور و عمق آب آبیاری (مطالعه موردی: منطقه میاندواب) | ||
| چغندرقند | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 34، شماره 1، مرداد 1397، صفحه 31-48 اصل مقاله (551.29 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: کامل علمی - پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/jsb.2018.115370.1165 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| امیر نورجو* 1؛ مجید منتصری2؛ جواد بهمنش3؛ مهدی اکبری4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری آبیاری و زهکشی دانشگاه ارومیه و عضو هیئت علمی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجانغربی | ||
| 2استاد بخش مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران. | ||
| 3دانشیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران | ||
| 4دانشیار پژوهشی، موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| یکی از عمده دلایل خشکی دریاچه ارومیه در سالهای اخیر، تغییرات اقلیمی و توسعه کشت محصولات با نیاز آبی بالا از جمله چغندرقند بوده است. حسابداری آب با ارائه تصویر روشن از آب مصرفی در مزرعه، قادر به تشخیص فرصتهای صرفهجویی در مصرف آب میباشد. بدین منظور اجزاء حسابداری آب و شاخصهای عملکرد بر اساس نتایج تحقیقاتی مزرعه آزمایشی چغندرقند در منطقه میاندواب با استفاده از مدل Aqua Crop استخراج و سیستم حسابداری بر اساس مدیریت کم آبیاری و دور آبیاری در چارچوب حسابداری آب در مقیاس مزرعهای پیاده شد. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده سهم بارش از جریان ورودی خالص در آبیاری کامل با نوبت هفت روز در حدود هشت درصد بود و با افزایش دور آبیاری و اعمال مقادیر بیشتر کم آبیاری به 14 درصد افزایش یافت. بررسی نشانگر سهم تخلیه از جریان ناخالص ورودی نشان داد در دور آبیاری کوتاه مقدار آن به یک نزدیک بوده و تقریباً تمام آب ورودی به مزرعه به مصرف (تخلیه) رسید و فرصتی برای صرفهجویی در مصرف آب مهیا نگردید. همچنین افزایش دور آبیاری موجب افزایش نشانگر سهم تخلیه فرایندی از کل آب مصرفی شد که افزایش آن جزء اهداف مدیریت آب در مزرعه محسوب میگردد و سهم تخلیه فرایندی را بهبود بخشد. بررسی شاخصهای بهرهوری مصرف آب نشان داد کم آبیاری بهبود شاخصها را به دنبال داشت ولی کارایی مصرف آب را کاهش داد چرا که در کم آبیاری نسبت تبخیر که جزو تلفات غیرفرایندی است افزایش چشمگیری پیدا میکند لذا موفقیت در اتخاذ استراتژی کم آبیاری برای صرفهجویی در مصرف آب مستلزم به کارگیری شیوههای دیگر مدیریتی در مزرعه نظیر استفاده از خاکپوشها و آبیاری قطرهای میباشد که به تواند جزء تبخیر را که جزو تلفات غیرفرایندی و غیرمفید است تحت کنترل درآورد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بهرهوری مصرف آب؛ چغندرقند؛ حسابداری آب؛ دریاچه ارومیه؛ مدل AquaCrop | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Water accounting in sugar beet field under duration and depth of irrigation management (case study: Miandoab region) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| amir nourjou1؛ majid Montaseri2؛ javad Behmanesh3؛ mehdi Akbari4 | ||
| 1Ph.D. student of Irrigation and Drainage; Water Engineering Department; Urmia University | ||
| 2Professor of Department of Water Engineering Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. | ||
| 3Associate Professor of Department of Water Engineering Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. | ||
| 4Associate Professor of Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| One of the main causes of drought occurrence in Urmia Lake in recent years was climate change and the development of crops with high water requirements including sugar beet. Water accounting is able to identify water saving opportunities by providing a clear picture of the amount of water used on the field. To this end, the water accounting and performance indicators based on the research results of the sugar beet fields in Miandoab region were extracted using the Aqua Crop model, and the accounting system was implemented based on low irrigation and irrigation duration in the framework of water accounting under field scale. According to the results, the contribution of precipitation from the net inflow in full irrigation with a seven-day rotation was about 8%, and with increased irrigation duration and imply of more low irrigation it amounted to 14%. An assessment of the drainage ratio from the gross inflow current showed that it was close to one in low irrigation interval and nearly all input water into the field was consumed (drained) and no opportunity was made to save water. Also, increase in irrigation duration resulted in an increase in the rate of evacuation of the total water consumption, which is considered as one of the objectives of water management in the field and improves the rate of evacuation process. Investigating the water use productivity indices showed that irrigation improved indices, but reduced the water use efficiency since in low irrigation, the rate of evaporation, which is a non-process loss, was significantly increased. Therefore, success in adopting a low irrigation strategy to save water involves the use of other management practices on the field such as the mulch and drip irrigation application which can control the evaporation. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Aqua Crop model, sugar beet, Urmia Lake, Water accounting, Water use efficiency | ||
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