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تأثیر تاریخ کاشت و پرایمینگ بذر بر ضرایب تخصیص ماده خشک، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) | ||
| علوم و فناوری بذر ایران | ||
| مقاله 20، دوره 7، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 13، مرداد 1397، صفحه 257-280 اصل مقاله (1.14 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/ijsst.2018.117731 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حمیدرضا شریفی* 1؛ غلامعلی گزانچیان2؛ صدیقه آناهید3 | ||
| 1استادیار بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر-مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی-سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی | ||
| 2استادیار بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی-مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی-سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی | ||
| 3کارشناس بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر- مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی-سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به منظور مطالعه اثر تاریخ کاشت و پرایمینگ بذر بر ضرایب تخصیص، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم آزمایش مزرعه‌ای در سال زراعی 91-1390 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی جلگه رخ تربت حیدریه به اجرا درآمد. این آزمایش به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار بر روی رقم گاسکوژن گندم انجام شد. تاریخ‌های کاشت در کرت‌های اصلی در 4 سطح (شامل 20 مهر، 5 آبان، 20 آبان و 5 آذر) و پرایمینگ بذر در کرت‌های فرعی در 8 سطح (شامل سید استارتر، کلپ، اسید فولیک، اسید هیومیک، کی اف اف، جیبرلین، آب مقطر و شاهد) قرار داشتند. نتایج نشان داد که تأخیر کاشت، سبب کاهش مدت نمو ، شاخص سطح برگ و ماده خشک کل گردید. تاریخ کاشت اثر معنی‌داری بر ضرایب تخصیص ماده خشک برگ و ساقه، سطح ویژه برگ و ضریب تخصیص سطح برگ داشت و با تأخیر در کاشت، مقدار سطح ویژه برگ (8%) و ضریب تخصیص سطح برگ (63%) افزایش و ضریب تخصیص سنبله (68%) کاهش یافت. نتایج هم‌چنین نشان داد تأخیر در کشت موجب کاهش ارتفاع گیاه (26%)، تعداد سنبله در مترمربع (73%)، وزن هزار دانه (11%)، عملکرد بیولوژیک (79%) و عملکرد دانه (83%) شد. پرایمینگ بذر سبب افزایش معنی‌دار شاخص سطح برگ و وزن برگ در مرحله 5 برگی و وزن خشک ساقه و وزن خشک کل در مرحله گرده افشانی شد. اثر مثبت پرایمینگ بر رشد گیاه، با پیشرفت نمو کاهش یافته و در مرحله رسیدگی به نتیجه مثبت معنی‌داری بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم منتهی نشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| "پرایمینگ"؛ "شاخص سطح برگ"؛ "گندم"؛ "عملکرد بیولوژیک"؛ " عوامل محیطی" | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of planting date and seed priming on partitioning coefficients, grain yield and yield components of wheat(Triticum aestivum) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Gholamali Gazanchian2؛ Sedigheh Anahid3؛ | ||
| 1Assistant professor at Seed and Seedling Improvement Department-Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center-Agricuural Reseach, Education and Extention Organzation | ||
| 2Assistant professor at Rangland and Forest Research Department-Khorasan-e-Razavi Agricutural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center- Agricultural Research, Education and Extention Organization | ||
| 3BSC of Seed and Seedling Improvement Department-Khorasan-e-Razavi Agricutural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center-Agricultural Reseach, Education and Extention Organization | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In order to study the effects of planting date and seed priming on partitioning coefficients, grain yield and yield components of wheat, an experiment was conducted at the Jolg-e-Rokh (Torbat-e-Heidarieh) research station in 2011-12. This experiment was conducted in a split-plot layout based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications on Gascogen cultivar of wheat. Planting date in four levels ( i.e. 12 October, 27 October, 11 and 26 November) and seed priming in eight levels ( i.e. Seed starter, kelp, fulic acid, humic acid, kff, GA3, water and control) were in main plots and sub plots repectively. The results showed that delayed planting dates reduced length of development, Leaf area index, and total dry matter. Planting date had significant effect on leaf and stem partition coefficient, specific leaf area(SLA) and leaf area partition coefficient(LAPC). Delay in planting increased SLA(8%) and LAPC(63%) and reduced spike partion coefficient(68%). Results also showed that delayed planting date result in reducing height(26%), spike number per square meter(73%), thousand grain weight(11%), biological yield(79%) and grain yield(83%). Seed priming increased leaf area index and leaf dry matter in 5-leaf stage and stem dry matter and total dry matter in pollination stage. The positive effect of priming on plant growth, decreased with the progress of plant development but not positive significant effect on yield and yield components on maturity stage. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| "priming", "leaf area index", wheat(Triticum aestivum L.), "biological yield", " environmental factors" | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abbasnejad, A., N. Majnoon Hosseini, R. Tavakkol Afshari, and F. Sharifzadeh. 2009. An evaluation of the effect of changing the planting time through seed priming on seed yield and yield components in two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars..Iranian J. Field Crops Sci. 40(1): 7-13. (In Persian, with English Abstract). Aboutalebian, M.A., F. Sharifzade, M.R. Jahansouz, A. Ahmadi, and M.R. Naghavi. 2008. The effect of seed priming on germination, stand establishment and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)cultivars in three different climates of Iran. .Iranian J. Field Crops Sci. 39(1): 145-154. (In Persian, with English Abstract).Agha Alikhani, M., H. Rahimian Mashhadi, S.A.M. Modarres Sanavi, and Z. Tahmasbi Sarvestani. 2001. The effects of radiation intensity and light quality on development rate and dry matter distribution of Amaranthus (Amaranthus retroflexus L.). Agric. Sci. Technol. 15(2): 173-183. Afzal, I., S.M. Basra, A. Ahmad, and A. Iqbal. 2002. Effect of different seed vigour enhancement techniques on hybrid maize (Zea mays L.). J. Agric. Sci. 39: 109-112. Ahmad Amini, T., B. Kamkar, and A. Soltani. 2011. The effect of planting date on partitoning coefficient in some species of wheat. Electron. J. Crop Productivity. 4 (1): 131-150.(In Persian, with English Abstract). Ahmadi, M., B. Kamkar, A. Soltani, E. Zeinali, and R. Arabameri. 2010. The effect of planting date on duration of phonological phase in wheat cultivar and it`s relation with grain yield. J. Plant Prod. 17(2): 109-121. (In Persian, with English Abstract). Ahmadi, M., B. Kamkar, A. Soltani, and E. Zeinali. 2009. Determination of the most important yield component of wheat in different sowing dates. J. Agric. Sci. Nat. Resources. 15(3): 109-121. (In Persian, with English Abstract). Ashraf, M., and M.R. Foolad. 2005. Pre-planting seed treatment approach to improve germination growth and crop yield under saline and none-saline conditions. Adv. Agron. 88: 223-271. 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Ecophysiological effects of irrigation and planting date on growth, yield and yield components of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). Iranian J. Agric. Sci. 13(4): 37-43. (In Persian, with English Abstract).Abbasnejad, A., N. Majnoon Hosseini, R. Tavakkol Afshari, and F. Sharifzadeh. 2009. An evaluation of the effect of changing the planting time through seed priming on seed yield and yield components in two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars..Iranian J. Field Crops Sci. 40(1): 7-13. (In Persian, with English Abstract). Aboutalebian, M.A., F. Sharifzade, M.R. Jahansouz, A. Ahmadi, and M.R. Naghavi. 2008. The effect of seed priming on germination, stand establishment and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)cultivars in three different climates of Iran. .Iranian J. Field Crops Sci. 39(1): 145-154. (In Persian, with English Abstract).Agha Alikhani, M., H. Rahimian Mashhadi, S.A.M. Modarres Sanavi, and Z. Tahmasbi Sarvestani. 2001.The effects of radiation intensity and light quality on development rate and dry matter distribution of Amaranthus (Amaranthus retroflexus L.). Agric. Sci. Technol. 15(2): 173-183. Afzal, I., S.M. Basra, A. Ahmad, and A. Iqbal. 2002. Effect of different seed vigour enhancement techniques on hybrid maize (Zea mays L.). J. Agric. Sci. 39: 109-112. Ahmad Amini, T., B. Kamkar, and A. Soltani. 2011. The effect of planting date on partitoning coefficient in some species of wheat. Electron. J. Crop Productivity. 4 (1): 131-150.(In Persian, with English Abstract). Ahmadi, M., B. Kamkar, A. Soltani, E. Zeinali, and R. Arabameri. 2010. The effect of planting date on duration of phonological phase in wheat cultivar and it`s relation with grain yield. J. Plant Prod. 17(2): 109-121. (In Persian, with English Abstract). Ahmadi, M., B. Kamkar, A. Soltani, and E. Zeinali. 2009. Determination of the most important yield component of wheat in different sowing dates. J. Agric. Sci. Nat. Resources. 15(3): 109-121. (In Persian, with English Abstract). Ashraf, M., and M.R. Foolad. 2005. Pre-planting seed treatment approach to improve germination growth and crop yield under saline and none-saline conditions. Adv. Agron. 88: 223-271. Bahari, M., T, Hosseinpour, and M. Rafiei. 2013. Effect of delayed planting on grain yield and some agronomic traits of wheat genotypes. Seed Plant Prod. J. 29(1): 47-66. (In Persian, with English Abstract). Dadashi, N., and M.R. Khajehpour. 2004. Effect of planting date and cultivar on growth, yield and yield components of safflower in Isfahan. J. Sci. Technol. Agric. Nat. Resources. 8 (3): 14-27. (In Persian, with English Abstract). Donaldson, E., W.F. Schillinger, and M.D. Stephen. 2001. Straw production and grain yield relationships in winter wheat. Crop Sci. 41:100 106. Duman, I. 2006. Effects of seed priming with PEG or K3P on Germination and seedling Growth in Lettuce. Pakistan J. Biol. Sci. 9(5): 923-928. Fathi, G., S.A. Siadat, N. Rossbe, A.R. Abdali-Mashhadi, and F. Ebrahimpoor. 2001. Effect of planting date and seed density on yield components and grain yield of wheat cv. Dena in Yassoj conditions. J. Agric. Sci. Nat. Resources. 8(3): 23-31. (In Persian, with English Abstract). Flowers, M., C. James, S. Petrie, S. Machado, and K. Rhinhart. 2006. Planting date and seeding rate effects on the yield of winter and spring wheat varieties results from the 2005-2006 cropping year. Int. J. Agric. Res.12(2): 72-74. Gilak Hakim Abadi, M., M.J. Sinaki, A. Dashtban, and A. Norinia. 2015. Effect of Organic Fertilizers and Date of Planting on Varieties of Vigna radiata in the Initial Growth Stage. J. Crop Ecophysiol. 60(4): 567-578. Giri, G.S., and W.F. Schillinger. 2003. Seed priming winter wheat for germination, emergence and yield. Crop Sci. 43: 2135-2141. Haj Mohammadnia Ghalibaf, K., H. Aliyari, K. Ghasemi Golazani, and S.A. Mohammadi. 2006. Review of growth and development three varieties of winter rapseed (Brassica napus L.) at different planting date. Agric. Sci.. 16(3): 83-95. (In Persian, with English Abstract). Hamada, A.M. 1998. Effects of exogenously added ascorb acid, thiamin or aspirin on photosynthesis and some related activities of drought-stressed wheat plants. p. 2581-2584. In: G. Garab (Ed.) Photosynthesis: Mechanisms and effects. 4th Edition.Academic Publishers Group, Dordrecht, Netherlands. Harris, D., A. Rashid, G. Miraj, M. Arif, and M. Yunas. 2008. On-farm seed priming with zinc in chickpea and wheat in Pakistan. Plant Soil. 306: 3-10. Hotsonyame, G.K., and L.A. Hunt. 1997. Seeding date, photoperiod and nitrogen effects on specific leaf area of field-grown wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 78: 51-61. Hunt, L.A., and S. pararajasingham. 1995. CROPSIM - WIIEAT: A model describing the growth and development of wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 75: 619-632. Imam, Y., and M. Niknejat. 1994. An Introduction to Crop Physiology. Shiraz University Press, Shiraz, Iran. (In Persian). Jafarnejad, A. 2009. Determination of optimum planting date for bread wheat cultivars with different flowering habit in Neishabour. Seed Plant Prod. J. 25-2(2): 117-135. (In Persian, with English Abstract). Jenkins, P.D., and M.H. Leich. 1986. Effect of sowing date on the growth and yield of winter oil seed rape (Brassica napus L.). J. Agric. Sci.105: 405-420. Mahmoud, F., and M.A. Arain. 2003. Effect of planting dates on growth and yield of wheat at different elevations in Jebel Marra high lands under rain-fed conditions. Agric. Res. 4(13): 154-162. Manarifard, M., and A. Sepehri, 2012. Effect of seed Priming and Foliar Application of Zinc on Yield and Yield Components of two wheat Cultivars. J. Sustainable Agric. Prod. Sci. 22(4.1): 151-165. (In Persian, with English Abstract). McLeod, J.G., G.A. Compbell, F.B. Dyck and C.L. Vera. 1992. 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