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اثر تنش خشکی بر عملکرد دانه، عملکرد اسانس و قدرت مهارکنندگی رادیکال‌های آزاد اکسیژن در اکوتیپ‌های سیاهدانه (Nigella sativa L.) | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 13، دوره 34، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 89، مرداد و شهریور 1397، صفحه 510-526 اصل مقاله (272.65 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2018.116805.2224 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| روزبه فرهودی* ؛ عادل مدحج | ||
| دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد شوشتر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شوشتر، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به‌منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی بر عملکرد دانه و اسانس، ویژگی آنتی‌اکسیدانی اسانس و میزان تجمع اسمولیت‌های سازگار در برگ دو اکوتیپ سیاهدانه (Nigella sativa L.)، این تحقیق در سال زراعی 96-1395 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شوشتر انجام شد. آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های یک‌بار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام شد. چهار سطح آبیاری براساس 90، 80، 70 و 60 درصد ظرفیت زراعی مزرعه در کرت اصلی و اکوتیپ‌های کاشمر و شهرضا به‌عنوان کرت فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی ملایم، متوسط و شدید به‌ترتیب عملکرد دانه سیاهدانه توده کاشمر را 2.4، 20.2 و 40.1 درصد و عملکرد دانه توده شهرضا را 6.2، 38.1 و 63 درصد در مقایسه با شرایط نرمال کاهش داد. کاهش عملکرد دانه در شرایط تنش شدید به‌دلیل کاهش معنی‌دار تعداد کپسول و دانه در کپسول بود. عملکرد اسانس توده‌‌های کاشمر و شهرضا در شرایط تنش خشکی شدید نسبت به شاهد به‌ترتیب 18% و 54% کاهش یافت. البته توده کاشمر دارای میزان کربوهیدرات و پرولین بیشتری در شرایط تنش نسبت به توده شهرضا بود. این ویژگی باعث شد که توده کاشمر از محتوی نسبی آب بیشتر و شیب تغییرات عملکرد دانه و عملکرد اسانس کمتری نسبت به توده شهرضا برخوردار باشد. در شرایط شاهد و تنش خشکی شدید به‌ترتیب 85% و 93% اجزای تشکیل‌دهنده اسانس توده کاشمر و 82% و 93% اجزای اسانس توده شهرضا شناسایی شد. تنش خشکی موجب افزایش درصد اسانس در هر دو توده شد و اسانس توده کاشمر خاصیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی بیشتری داشت. به‌طور کلی در شرایط تنش ملایم به‌دلیل افزایش درصد اسانس و عدم کاهش معنی‌دار عملکرد دانه، بیشترین عملکرد اسانس هر دو توده بدست آمد. از این‌رو به نظر می‌رسد اعمال تنش ملایم کنترل شده باعث بهبود ویژگی‌های کیفی سیاهدانه بدون اثر بر عملکرد کمّی آن می‌شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آنتی‌اکسیدان؛ پارا-سیمن؛ درصد اسانس؛ محتوی نسبی آب | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of drought stress on seed yield, essential oil yield and ability of reactive oxygen species scavenging in Nigella sativa L. ecotypes | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| R. Farhoudi؛ Adel Modhej | ||
| Department of Agronomty, Shoshtar Branch, Islamic Azad Uniiversity, Shoushtar, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on grain and essential oil yield, antioxidant properties of essential oil, and accumulation of conformal osmolites in the leaves of two Nigella sativa L., this research was conducted at the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar Branch during 2016-2017. The experiment was a split plot based on randomized complete block design with four replications. The main plot included four levels of irrigation including optimal irrigation, mild, moderate and severe stress (based on irrigation under 90, 80, 70 and 60% soil field capacity, respectively), and ecotypes of Kashmar and Shahreza were considered as subplots. Results indicated that the grain yield of Kashmar ecotype was reduced 2.4%, 20.2% and 40.1% under mild, moderate and sever stress compared to optimum conditions, respectively. The grain yield of Shahreza ecotype was reduced 6.2%, 38.1% and 63%, respectively. Reduction of grain yield under severe stress conditions was due to a significant decrease in the number of capsules and seeds per capsule. Essential oil yield of Kashmar and Shahreza ecotypes decreased by 18% and 54% in severe drought stress conditions, respectively. Kashmar ecotype had higher levels of carbohydrate and proline than those of Shahraza under stress conditions. This property caused the Kashmar ecotype to have more relative water content and lower slope change of grain yield and essential oil yield as compared with Shahreza. In normal conditions and severe drought stress, 85% and 93% of essential oil components of Kashmar and 82% and 93% essential oil components of Shahreza ecotype were identified, respectively. Drought stress increased the percentage of essential oil in both ecotypes and the essential oil of Kashmar contained more antioxidant. In general, under mild stress conditions, the highest essential oil yield was obtained due to an increase in essential oil content and no significant reduction in grain yield. Thus, it seems that the application of mild controlled stress improves the quality of Nigella sativa without affecting its quantitative performance. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Antioxidant, ρ-cymene, essential oil content, relative water content | ||
| مراجع | ||
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