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برهمکنش تنش خشکی انتهای فصل و کاربرد برگی اسمولیتها بر روی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد بابونه آلمانی (Chamomilla recutita L.) | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 12، دوره 34، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 89، مرداد و شهریور 1397، صفحه 492-509 اصل مقاله (324.1 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2018.120931.2274 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فرهاد مسعودی صدقیانی1؛ مجید امینی دهقی* 2؛ علیرضا پیرزاد3؛ محمدحسین فتوکیان2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بهمنظور بررسی تأثیر کاربرد برگی اسمولیتها بر عملکرد کمّی و کیفی بابونه آلمانی در شرایط خشکی، آزمایشی بهصورت کرتهای خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در مزرعه مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی دانشگاه شاهد با سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل آبیاری بهعنوان عامل اصلی در سه سطح ](آبیاری پس از 50 (بدون تنش)، 100 (تنش متوسط) و 150 میلیمتر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر (تنش شدید)[ و محلولپاشی بهعنوان عامل فرعی در هفت سطح ](عدم محلولپاشی (NS)، محلولپاشی با آب مقطر (W)، متیل جاسمونات (75 میکرومولار= MJ)، سالیسیلیک اسید (2 میلیمولار= SA)، هیومیک اسید (2.5 لیتر در هزار= HA)، گلایسین بتائین (5 میلیمولار= GB) و گاماآمینوبوتیریک اسید (50 میلیمولار= GABA)[ بود. هدایت الکتریکی آب آبیاری 4.8 دسیزیمنس بر متر بود. مقایسه میانگینها نشان داد که GABA توأم با تنش شدید بیشترین عملکرد اسانس (3.07 کیلوگرم در هکتار) را به خود اختصاص داد. در گیاهان تیمار شده با GABA در تنش شدید شاخص برداشت اسانس بهترتیب افزایش 60 و 58 درصدی نسبت به گیاهان تیمار شده با W و NS نشان داد. بیشترین و کمترین شاخص برداشت کاپیتول با 81/70% و 23/28% بهترتیب از ترکیب تیماری GB و بدون تنش و W همراه با تنش شدید بدست آمد. SA، GB و GABA باعث افزایش عملکرد کاپیتول در تنش شدید در مقایسه با تنش متوسط شدند. تنش شدید باعث افزایش معنیدار محتوای اسانس از 0.66% به 1.13%، کاهش 35 درصدی شاخص برداشت بذر نسبت به تیمار شاهد و کاهش معنیدار عملکرد بیوماس نسبت به تنش متوسط شد. MJ و SA در مقایسه با NS، عملکرد بذر را در تنش متوسط افزایش دادند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| عملکرد کمّی؛ رژیمهای آبیاری؛ محتوای اسانس؛ متیل جاسمونات | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Interaction of late season drought stress and foliar application of osmolytes on the yield and yield components of German chamomile (Chamomilla recutita L.) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| F. Masoudi Sadaghiani1؛ M. Amini Dehaghi2؛ A.R Pirzad3؛ M.H. Fotokian2 | ||
| 1Ph.D. student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In order to evaluate the effects of foliar application of osmolytes on the quantitative and qualitative yield of German chamomile (Chamomilla recutita L.) in drought stress conditions, a split-plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Shahed University. The treatments included irrigation as the main factor in three levels [(irrigation after 50 (without stress), 100 (moderate stress) and 150 mm evaporation from the class A pan (severe stress)] and foliar application of osmolytes as sub-plots in seven levels [(without Spraying (NS), distilled water (W), methyl jasmonate (MJ= 75mM), salicylic acid (SA= 2mM), humic acid (HA= 2.5lit/1000), glycine betaine (GB= 5mM), and g- aminobutyric acid (GABA= 50mM). The electrical conductivity of the irrigation water was 4.8 dS/m. Mean comparisons showed that GABA combined with severe stress had the highest essential oil yield (3.7 kg ha-1). In plants treated with GABA under severe stress, essential oil harvest index was increased by 60 and 58%, respectively, compared to W and NS treatments. The highest and lowest capitol harvest index with 70.81% and 23.28% were respectively obtained from GB combined without stress and W with severe stress. SA, GB, and GABA increased the capitol yield in severe stress compared with the moderate stress. Severe stress caused a significant increase in essential oil content from 0.66 to 1.13%, a 35% reduction in seed harvest index compared to control treatment, and a significant reduction in biomass yield rather than moderate stress. MJ and SA increased seed yield compared with NS in moderate stress. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Quantitative yield, irrigation regimes, essential oil content, methyl jasmonate | ||
| مراجع | ||
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