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بررسی خصوصیات رویشی و زایشی زعفران (Crocus sativus L.) تحت تأثیر کاربرد سطوح مختلف ورمی‌کمپوست زباله شهری در سال دوم آزمایش | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 34، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 89، مرداد و شهریور 1397، صفحه 443-456 اصل مقاله (247.96 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2018.114834.2090 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علی افتاده فدافن* 1؛ محمدحسین امینی فرد2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار، گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| زعفران (Crocus sativus L.) یکی از مهمترین و گرانبهاترین گیاهان دارویی در جهان می‌باشد. این آزمایش به‌منظور بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف ورمی‌کمپوست زباله شهری بر خصوصیات رویشی و زایشی زعفران در سال‌های 95-1394 در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل چهار سطح ورمی‌کمپوست زباله شهری (صفر، 5، 10، 15 تن در هکتار) با سه تکرار بود. براساس نتایج بدست آمده، تیمارهای کودی بر ویژگی‌های زایشی زعفران در سال دوم تأثیر معنی‌داری داشت، به‌طوری که بیشترین عملکرد تر گل (22.55 گرم در مترمربع) از تیمار 10 تن ورمی‌کمپوست زباله شهری بدست آمد. بیشترین عملکرد کلاله خشک شده، 1.10 گرم در مترمربع از تیمار 5 تن ورمی‌کمپوست در هکتار بدست آمد. میانگین بیشترین تعداد برگ (8.6 برگ در بوته)، میانگین وزن تر (0.33 گرم) و خشک (0.099 گرم) برگ از تیمار 15 تن در هکتار ورمی‌کمپوست زباله شهری و بیشترین طول برگ از تیمار 10 تن در هکتار با میانگین 249 میلی‌متر بدست آمد. کود آلی ورمی‌کمپوست زباله شهری توانست اثر معنی‌داری بر میزان کلروفیل a، کلروفیل کل و میزان سبزینگی بگذارد، به‌طوری که سطح 10 تن در هکتار ورمی‌کمپوست زباله شهری بیشترین کمک را به بهبود رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی داشته است. از ویژگی‌های بنه زعفران هم می‌توان به تعداد بنه دختری، وزن تر و خشک بنه دختری و تعداد جوانه بنه دختری اشاره کرد که تحت تأثیر تیمار ورمی‌کمپوست قرار گرفته است. بیشترین تعداد بنه دختری از تیمار 10 تن در هکتار ورمی‌کمپوست بدست آمد. در این آزمایش تیمار 5 تن در هکتار ورمی‌کمپوست توانست بیشترین تأثیر را روی وزن تر و خشک بنه دختری بگذارد. همچنین این تیمار توانست بیشترین جوانه بنه دختری را به تعداد 11.33 عدد در مقابل تیمار شاهد (عدم کاربرد کود) به تعداد 5 جوانه ایجاد کند. در کل، نتایج بیانگر تأثیر مثبت ورمی‌کمپوست زباله شهری بر خصوصیات رویشی و زایشی زعفران بود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| کود آلی؛ کلروفیل؛ کاروتنوئید؛ عملکرد | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of different levels of municipal waste vermicompost on the vegetative and reproductive characteristics of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in the second year of the experiment | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| A. Oftadeh fadafan1؛ M.H. AminiFard2 | ||
| 1M.Sc. student, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Horticultural, College of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is one of the most important and precious medicinal plants in the world. In order to investigate the effects of different of municipal waste vermicompost on vegetative and reproductive characteristics of leaf and corm of saffron, an experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station, University of Birjand during the growing season of 2015. The treatments included four levels of municipal waste vermicompost (0, 5, 10 and 15 t.ha-1). Results showed that municipal waste vermicompost in the second year improved the reproductive characteristics so that the highest flower yield was obtained from 10 t.ha-1 municipal waste vermicompost (22.5g.m-2) and the highest dry stigma yield was obtained from 5 t.ha-1 municipal waste vermicompost (0.44g.m-2). The highest average leaf number (8.36), average fresh weight and dry weight of leaf (0.33 and 0.099 g, respectively) were obtained in plants treated with 15 t.ha-1 municipal waste vermicompost and the highest leaf length (249.3 mm) was obtained at 10 t.ha-1. Application of this organic fertilizer could have a significant effect on chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll content and SPAD. The highest photosynthetic pigments were obtained from application of 10 t.ha-1 municipal waste vermicompost. The characteristics of the corm including the number of cormel, fresh and dry weight of cormel and number of cormel buds were affected by municipal waste vermicompost treatment. The highest number of cormel was obtained from plants treated with 10 t.ha-1. Also results showed that treatment of 5 t.ha-1 of municipal waste vermicompost had the greatest effect on fresh and dry weight of cormel. This treatment improved the number of cormel (33/1) as compared with control (5). Thus, results showed that municipal waste vermicompost had strong impact on vegetative and reproductive characteristics of saffron. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Organic fertilizer, chlorophyll, carotenoid, performance | ||
| مراجع | ||
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