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تنوع عملکرد و صفات مورفولوژیکی در برخی جمعیت های ایرانی گونه Agropyron pectiniforme | ||
| تحقیقات ژنتیک و اصلاح گیاهان مرتعی و جنگلی ایران | ||
| مقاله 14، دوره 26، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 51، تیر 1397، صفحه 132-142 اصل مقاله (459.75 K) | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijrfpbgr.2018.116667 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علی اشرف جعفری* 1؛ میثم فرجی2؛ شهرام نخجوان3؛ سهیلا افکار4 | ||
| 1نویسنده مسئول مکاتبات، استاد پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران | ||
| 2دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد رشته اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بروجرد | ||
| 3استادیار، گروه اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بروجرد | ||
| 4استادیار، گروه اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| با توجه به بالا بودن عملکرد و کیفیت علوفه در گونه Agropyron pectiniforme از این گونه برای احیاء مراتع و تولید علوفه استفاده می‌شود. بهمنظور بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی جمعیتهای این گونه، بذر 16 جمعیت از مناطق مختلف کشور جمع‌آوری شد و در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی البرز کرج در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سالهای 84-1383 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که تفاوت بین جمعیتها برای کلیه صفات در سطح احتمال 1 درصد معنیدار بود. جمعیتهای زنجان 487، تبریز 707 و گرگان 7565 با عملکرد علوفه 96 لغایت 119 گرم در بوته و عملکرد دانه 25 تا 33 گرم در بوته از لحاظ هر دو صفت پرمحصول بودند که در بین آنها جمعیتهای زنجان و گرگان زودرس بودند و جمعیت تبریز وزن هزار دانه بیشتری داشت. همبستگی بین عملکرد علوفه و بذر مثبت و معنیدار بود و هر دو صفت با ارتفاع بوته، تعداد ساقه و طول سنبله همبستگی مثبت و معنیدار داشتند. با استفاده از تجزیه خوشه‌ای بهروش Ward جمعیتها به سه گروه تقسیم شدند که جمعیتهای خوشه1 دیررس با عملکرد متوسط، جمعیتهای خوشه 2 پرمحصول، متوسطرس و جمعیتهای خوشه3 کم محصول و زودرس بودند. صحت گروهبندی جمعیتها با استفاده پراکنش جمعیتها بر اساس دو مؤلفه اصلی اول و دوم در تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی و همچنین فاصله ماهالانوبیس بین خوشه‌ها تأیید شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین فاصله ژنتیکی بین خوشه‌های 2 و 3 بهدست آمد و بههمین دلیل جمعیتهای این دو خوشه بهعنوان والدین هیبرید در تولید واریته‌های ترکیبی پیشنهاد شدند. جمعیت زنجان 487 با داشتن عملکرد بذر و علوفه بیشتر بهعنوان جمعیت مطلوب معرفی شد. ضریب همبستگی منتل بین ماتریس فاصله‌های ژنتیکی جمعیتها با فاصله جغرافیایی محل جمع‌آوری آنها معنیدار نبود. بهطور کلی نتیجه‌گیری شد که صفات مورفولوژیکی حاوی اطلاعات مهمی برای حفاظت و بهره‌برداری از ذخائر ژنتیکی می‌باشند و می‌توان از آنها در برنامههای به‌نژادی گیاهی گونه A. pectiniformeدر آینده استفاده کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Agropyron pectiniforme؛ تنوع‌ژنتیکی؛ تجزیه خوشه‌ای؛ صفات مورفولوژیکی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Variation of yield and morphological traits in several Iranian populations of Agropyron pectiniforme | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| A.A. Jafari1؛ M. Jafari2؛ S. Nakhjavan3؛ S. Afkar4 | ||
| 1Corresponding author, Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, I.R. Iran., E-mail: aajafari@rifr-ac.ir | ||
| 2M.Sc. Student, Islamic Azad University- Borujerd Branch, Borujerd, I. R. Iran | ||
| 3Asist. Prof., Islamic Azad University- Borujerd Branch, Borujerd, I. R. Iran | ||
| 4Asist. Prof., Payame Noor University- Lorestan Branch, Khorramabad, I. R. Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Agropyron pectiniforme having moderate to high yield and quality traits is cultivated for pasture regeneration and forage production in rangelands of Iran. In order to study genetic variability in Agropyron pectiniforme based on morphological traits, 16 populations were examined in the field trial using a complete block design with three replications during 20042005 in Karaj, Iran. Data were collected on heading date, plant height, tiller number, spike length, forage yield, seed yield and thousand grain weights. Results showed significant differences between the populations for all of the recorded traits (P≤0.01). Populations Zangan487, Tabriz-707 and Gorgan-7565 with averaged values of 96 to 119 g/plant and 25 to 33 g/plant had higher forage and seed production, respectively. Among them, Zangan-487 had early maturity date and Tabriz-707 had higher seed thousand grain weights. Phenotypic correlation between forage and seed yield was positively significant (P<0.01). Both traits positively correlated to plant height, tiller number and spike length. The populations were classified into three groups based on cluster analysis. Cluster number 1 contained populations with late maturity and moderate yield. The populations in cluster 2 had higher forage and seed production and populations in cluster 3 were early maturity and low productivity. Distance between the clusters were assessed using principal components analysis (PCA) and Mahalanobis Distance. Result showed higher genetic distance between clusters 2 and 3. It was suggested to use populations located in the separate clusters for improving composite varieties. The population Zangan-487 having higher both forage and seed yield was introduced as promising population for future research. Result of mantel correlation test between population’s geographical origin and matrix genetic distance of morphological traits was not significant. This finding indicated a lack of association between genetic variation and their geographic distribution. It was concluded that morphological traits provide important information for the genetic conservation and utilization of future breeding programs in A. pectiniforme. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Agropyron pectiniforme, cluster analysis, Genetic variation, morphological traits | ||
| مراجع | ||
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