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پاسخ بیوشیمیایی و عملکردی نعناع فلفلی (Mentha piperita L.) به محلول‌پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید در شرایط تغذیه نیتروژنی | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 12، دوره 34، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 88، خرداد و تیر 1397، صفحه 309-329 اصل مقاله (413 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2018.115896.2167 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
عادل پشت دار  1؛ علیرضا ابدالی مشهدی2؛ فواد مرادی3؛ سید عطااله سیادت4؛ عبدالمهدی بخشنده4
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| 1دکترای تخصصی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، اهواز، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، اهواز، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار، گروه فیزیولوژی مولکولی پژوهشکده بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی ایران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| 4استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، اهواز، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| روشهای مختلفی به‌منظور افزایش تولید متابولیتهای ثانوی در گیاهان دارویی استفاده میشود، ازجمله آنها افزودن الیسیتورها به گیاهان است. سالیسیلیک اسید اثر مثبتی در رشد و عملکرد گیاهان با اثر بر جذب عناصر معدنی دارد. برای بررسی پاسخ نعناع فلفلی (Mentha piperita L.) به کاربرد سالیسیلیک اسید در سطوح مختلف نیتروژن، آزمایش زراعی دوساله، در سالهای 93-1392 و 94-1393 اجرا گردید. آزمایش به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات بر پایه طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل مقدار کود (0، 70، 140، 210 و 280 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار) به‌عنوان عامل اول و غلظت سالیسیلیک اسید (0، 100، 200 و 300 میکرومولار) به‌عنوان عامل فرعی بود. نتایج نشان داد که در دو سال، بیشترین میزان فعالیت نیترات ردوکتاز در ریشه با کاربرد غلظت 200 میکرومولار سالیسیلیک اسید و مصرف 280 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار مشاهده شد. فعالیت این آنزیم در برگ تنها تحت تأثیر نیتروژن قرار گرفت. بیشترین میزان فعالیت آنزیم در برگ (در سال اول و دوم به‌ترتیب 2.87 و 2.82 میکرومولار نیتریت در گرم وزن تازه بر ساعت) با مصرف 280 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار مشاهده شد. در هر دو سال محتوی نیتروژن و اسید آمینه آزاد در برگ با افزایش غلظت سالیسیلیک اسید، همزمان با افزایش مقدار کود افزایش یافت. هر دو سال محتوای نیترات، فنول کل و کربوهیدرات محلول برگ با افزایش غلظت سالیسیلیک اسید و مقدار کود کاهش یافت. در سال اول و دوم بیشترین عملکرد تر (به ترتیب 3316.2 و 3480.7 گرم در مترمربع)، خشک (به ترتیب 811.7 و 855.6 گرم در مترمربع) و اسانس (به‌ترتیب 13.01 و 15.2 میلیلیتر در مترمربع) با مصرف 210 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار بدست آمد. در مجموع مصرف 210 تا 280 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن همراه با کاربرد غلظتهای 200 میکرومولار سالیسیلیک اسید برای دستیابی به عملکرد کمّی و کیفی مطلوب توصیه می شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اسانس؛ اسید آمینه آزاد؛ ریشه؛ فنول؛ نیترات ردوکتاز | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of salicylic acid and nitrogen application on biochemistry, qualitative and quantitative yield of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| A. Poshtdar1؛ A.R. Abdali Mashhadi2؛ F. Moradi3؛ S.A. Siadat4؛ A. Bakhshandeh4 | ||
| 1Ph.D. of Agronomy, Department of Agronomy, Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khouzestan, Ahvaz, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Agronomy, Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khouzestan, Ahvaz, Iran | ||
| 3Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Karaj Branch, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran | ||
| 4Department of Agronomy, Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khouzestan, Ahvaz, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| A range of methods are applied to enhance secondary metabolism in medicinal plants. Treatment of the plants with elicitors is one of these approaches. Salicylic acid (SA) exerts a positive impact on plant growth and yield. The present study, as a biannual field experiment, investigates the response of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) to different rates of SA under different regimes of nitrogen nutrition during years of 2014-2015. The experiment was made as a random complete block design based on split-plot with three replicates. The treatments included nitrogen fertilization rate as the main factor (0, 70, 140, 210, and 280 kg N ha-1 applied as urea) and salicylic acid, as the sub factor, was spayed at different concentrations (0, 100, 200, and 300 μM). In both years, the highest nitrate reductase activity was found in the roots of the plants treated with 200 μM SA and fertilized with 280 kg N ha-1. Interestingly, the foliar activity of the enzyme was influenced only by nitrogen, whereas the highest rate of activity was determined using 280 kg N ha-1 (2.87 and 2.82 μM nitrite g-1 FW h-1, respectively in the first and second year). Higher concentration of SA caused to increased content of nitrogen and free amino acid in the plants fertilized with higher rates of nitrogen. Nitrate, total phenol, and soluble carbohydrates content of leaf was reduced in both years as the result of high rate of nitrogen and high concentration of SA applied. In the first and the second year, the highest fresh yields (3316.2 and 3480.7 g m-2, respectively), the highest dry yields (811.7 and 855.6 g m-2, respectively) and essence (13.01 and 15.2 mL m-2, respectively) were obtained through annual application of 210 kg N ha-1. Collectively, the application of 210 kg N ha-1 together with SA (200μM) is recommended to achieve desired quantitative and qualitative yield. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Essential oil, free amino acids, root, phenol, nitrate reductase | ||
| مراجع | ||
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