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تاثیر کمبود آب بر عملکرد دانه و تجمع عناصر غذایی معدنی در دانه ژنوتیپ‌های لوبیا | ||
| به زراعی نهال و بذر | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 33، شماره 2، بهمن 1396، صفحه 267-284 اصل مقاله (279.67 K) | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/sppj.2018.116420 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علی اکبر قنبری* 1؛ سیدحسن موسوی2؛ منوچهر طاهری مازندرانی3 | ||
| 1استادیار، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر | ||
| 2مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشارزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| 3بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان تهران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشارزی، ورامین، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این پژوهش برای ارزیابی اثر کمبود آب بر عملکرد و تجمع برخی عناصر در دانه ژنوتیپ‌های لوبیا انجام شد. آزمایش مزرعه‌ای به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در سال‌های 1388 و 1389 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آبیاری (آبیاری نرمال و کمبود آب) در کرت‌های اصلی و ژنوتیپ‌های لوبیا (KS31163، KS31164 و KS31170 از گروه قرمز؛ KS21478، KS21486 و KS21489 از گروه چیتی؛ KS41107 و KS41237 از گروه سفید) در کرت‌های فرعی قرار داشتند. عملکرد دانه و میزان تجمع نیتروژن، آهن، روی و فسفر در دانه‌های ژنوتیپ‌ها تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد که عملکرد دانه و تجمع عناصر در دانه تحت تأثیر کمبود آب کاهش پیدا کرد. لوبیا قرمز KS31163 در هر دو شرایط آبیاری بیشترین عملکرد دانه را داشت. شدت تأثیر کمبود آب روی عناصر آهن و فسفر بیشتر از روی و نیتروژن بود. بیشترین کاهش مقدار آهن مربوط به ژنوتیپ KS31170 بود. از نظر آهن و نیتروژن موجود در دانه، لوبیاهای سفید در شرایط تنش آبی دارای مقادیر کمتری نسبت به انواع قرمز و چیتی بودند ولی فسفر بیشتری در این شرایط در دانه ذخیره کردند. در هر دو شرایط آبیاری، دانه‌های ژنوتیپ KS21478 بیشترین مقدار عنصر روی و ژنوتیپ KS41237 کمترین مقدار روی را داشتند. می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که کیفیت غذایی لوبیا به‌ویژه از نظر تجمع عناصر معدنی در دانه به‌طور قابل توجهی از شرایط محیطی تأثیر می‌پذیرد. بیشترین تأثیرپذیری از کمبود آب مربوط به تجمع عنصر آهن بود که میانگین تجمع آن در دانه بیش از 19 درصد کاهش نشان داد. در مجموع دو شرایط آبیاری، واحد تجمعی عناصر در دانه ژنوتیپ‌های KS31170، KS21478 و KS31163 نسبت به سایر ژنوتیپ‌ها بیشتر بود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| لوبیا؛ آهن؛ کمبود آب؛ روی؛ فسفر؛ نیتروژن | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of Water Deficit on Seed Yield and Accumulation of Seed Minerals in Common Bean Genotypes | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ali Akbar Ghanbari1؛ S. H. Mousavi2؛ M. Taheri Mazandarani3 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute | ||
| 2Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. | ||
| 3Instructor, Tehran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Varamin, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This research was conducted to evaluate the impact of field water deficit on quality and accumulation of some mineral nutrients in the bean seeds. Field experiment was carried out as split plot based on RCBD with four replications in Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran, in both normal irrigation and water deficit conditions as main plots and eight bean genotypes (red beans: KS31163, KS31164 and KS31170; white beans: KS41237, KS41107; Chitti beans: KS21478, KS21486 and KS21489) as sub plots, in 2009 and 2010 cropping seasons. Seed yield and accumulation of nitrogen, iron, zinc and phosphorus in the seeds were assessed. The results indicated that seed yield and minerals were reduced by water deficit. Genotype KS31163 had the highest seed yield under both irrigation conditions. The impact of drought on iron and phosphorus was more than on zinc and nitrogen. The highest Fe reduction was assessed in red bean genotype KS31170. The white beans showed lower levels of Fe and N in the seeds than red and Chitti beans under water deficit conditions, while stored more phosphorus amounts. In both conditions, KS21478 and KS41237 genotypes had the highest and the lowest amount of zinc, respectively. The greatest impact of water deficit was related to the iron accumulation in the seed, averaging more than 19 percent. Overall, water deficit decreased the concentration of mineral nutrients in the seeds. The cumulative amount of minerals in the seeds of KS31170, KS21478 and KS31163 were more than other genotypes under both irrigation conditions. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Bean, Water deficit, Iron, nitrogen, Phosphorus, Zinc | ||
| مراجع | ||
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