| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,028 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,882 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 45,253,369 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 60,280,053 |
ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیک، محتوای پروتئین و ترکیب اسیدهای چرب چند ژنوتیپ برتر گردو (Juglans regia L.) در شمال استان فارس | ||
| به زراعی نهال و بذر | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 33، شماره 2، بهمن 1396، صفحه 163-184 اصل مقاله (387.81 K) | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/sppj.2018.116411 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سعادت ساریخانی1؛ کاظم ارزانی* 2؛ قاسم کریم‌زاده3؛ عبدالعلی شجاعیان2 | ||
| 1گروه باغبانی تربیت مدرس | ||
| 2گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران | ||
| 3گروه اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| وجود مقادیر بالای اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع سبب شده تا گردو به عنوان یک محصول استراتژیک با ارزش غذائی و داروئی بالا در تغذیه انسان معرفی شود. در این تحقیق که در سال‌های 1391 تا 1394 انجام شد، ویژگی‌های مختلف مورفولوژیکی (در تمام این سال‌ها)و بیوشیمیائی (در دو سال 1393 و 1394) 9 ژنوتیپ گردو که در ارزیابی‌های قبلی در استان فارس به عنوان ژنوتیپ‌های برتر انتخاب شده بودند، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده، این ژنوتیپ‌ها دارای وزن میوه (36/19-20/13 گرم)، وزن مغز (52/9-13/7 گرم)، درصد مغز (92/57-89/46 درصد)، عادت باردهی جانبی (08/64-62/45 درصد) و رنگ مغز روشن بودند. مقادیر پروتئین، روغن و فنل کل موجود در مغز این ژنوتیپ‌ها به ترتیب 13/19-58/12 درصد، 72/70-83/54 درصد و 63/56-26/43 میلی‌گرم اسیدگالیک اکی‌والان بر گرم وزن خشک عصاره استخراج شده بود. اسید پالمیتیک (65/7-00/6 درصد)، اسید استئاریک (41/3-72/1 درصد)، اسید اولئیک (96/30-28/19 درصد)، اسید لینولئیک (05/59-37/47 درصد) و اسید لینولنیک (99/16-89/9 درصد)، اسیدهای چرب غالب این ژنوتیپ‌ها بودند. مقادیر بسیار کمی از اسید آراشیدونیک و اسید اروسیک نیز در برخی از ژنوتیپ‌ها اندازه‌گیری شد. درصد اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع با چند باند مضاعف (PUFA) به‌طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع با یک باند مضاعف (MUFA) بود. بیشترین مقادیر اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع با یک و چند باند مضاعف به ترتیب در ژنوتیپ‌های FaEqHm1 و FaEqNs5 مشاهده و اندازه‌گیری شد و ژنوتیپ FaEqDm1 دارای بیشترین مقدار اسیدچرب اشباع و کمترین مقدار اسیدچرب غیراشباع بود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| گردو؛ صفات مورفولوژیکی؛ اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع؛ فنل کل؛ درصد روغن | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Morphological Characteristics, Protein Contents and Fatty Acids Composition of some Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Superior Genotypes in the North of Fars Province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| S Sarikhani1؛ K. Arzani2؛ Gh. Karimzadeh3؛ A. Shojaeiyan2 | ||
| 1Agricultural Tarbiat Modares | ||
| 2Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Tabriz Modares University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 3Department of Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| High amound of unsaturated fatty acids in kernel, has made walnut as a strategic crop with high nutritional and medicial values in human nutrition. In the present study, carried out during years 2012 to 2015, morphological (in all years) and biochemical (in two years 2014 and 2015) characteristics of nine walnut genotypes which were selected as superior genotypes in former studied in Fars province, were investigated. Based on the results of morphological evaluations, these genotypes had high nut (13.20-19.36g) and kernel (7.13-9.52g) weight, kernel percentage (56.89-57.92%), lateral breeding (45.62-64.80%) and kernel color (light and extra light). Protein, oil and total phenol contents of kernel of the genotypes ranged from 12.58 to 19.13%, 54.83 to 70.72% and 43.26-56.63 mg GAE.g-1 DW extract, respectively. Palmitic (6.00-7.65%), stearic (1.72-3.41%), oleic (19.28-30.96%), linoleic (47.37-59.05) and linolenic (9.89-16.99%) acids were the predominant fatty acids in the walnut genotypes. Very small amount of arachidonic and erucic acids was also detected in some of the genotypes. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were significantly higher than monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Accordingly, the highest amounts of PUFA and MUFA were observed in genotypes FaEqNs5 and FaEqHm1, respectively, and genotype FaEqDm1 had the highest amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and the lowest level of unsaturated fatty acid (UFA). | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| walnut, morohological traits, unsaturaled fatty acids, total phenol, oil percentage | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Amiri, R., Vahdati, K., Mohsenipoor, S., Mozaffari, M. R., and Leslie, C. A. 2010. Correlations between some horticultural traits in walnut. HortScience 45 (11), 1690-1694.
Anonymous 2013. FAO Statistical Yearbook. Agricultural Production. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). http://faostatfaoorg/site/567/defaultaspx.
Anonymous 1995. Official Methods of Analysis, Sixteenth ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), Arlington, VA.
Anonymous 2007. Agricultural Research Service. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 20. Nutrient Data Laboratory Home Page, USDA, Washigton D. C., USA.
Aryapak, S., and Ziarati, P. 2014. Nutritive value of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) orchards. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science 14 (11): 1228-1235.
Arzani, K. 2003. Approaches on importance, protection, maintenance, breeding and management of Iranian traditional orchards. Proceeding of the First Conference of The Iranian Traditional Orchards, Karaj, Iran. pp.1-5 (in Persian).
Arzani, K., Mansouri-Ardakan, H., Vezvaei, A., and Roozban, M. R. 2008. Morphological variation among Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes from central Iran. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 36: 159-168. Aslantas, R. 2006. Identification of superior walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes in north-eastern Anatolia, Turkey. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 34: 231-237.
Blomhoff, R., Carlsen, M. H., Andersen, L. F., and Jacobs Jr., D. R. 2006. Health benefits of nuts: potential role of antioxidants. British Journal of Nutrition 96: S52-S60.
Bouabdallah, I., Bouali, I., Martinez-Force, E., Albouchi, A., Perez Camino, M. C., and Boukhchina, S. 2014. Composition of fatty acids, triacylglycerols and polar compounds of different walnut varieties (Juglans regia L.) from Tunisia. Natural Product Research 28 (21): 1826–1833.
Bourre, J. M. 2004. Roles of unsaturated fatty acids (especially omega-3 fatty acids) in the brain at various ages and during ageing. Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging 8: 163-174.
Caglarırmak, N. 2003. Biochemical and physical properties of some walnut genotypes (Juglans regia L.). Nahrung/Food 47 (1): 28- 32.
Cosmulescu, S., and Botu, M. 2012. Walnut biodiversity in south-western Romania resource for perspective cultivars. Pakistan Journal of Botany 44: 307-311.
Dauqan, E. M. A, Sani, H. A., Abdullah, A., and Kasim, Z. M. 2011. Fatty acids composition of four different vegetable oils (red palm olein, palm olein, corn oil and coconut oil) by gas chromatography. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, IPCBEE 14: 31-34.
Davis, L., Stonehouse, W., Loots, D. T., Mukuddem-Petersen, J., van der Westhuizen, F., Hanekom, S. J., and Jerling, J. C. 2007. The effects of high walnut and cashew nut diets on the antioxidant status of subjects with metabolic syndrome. European Journal of Nutrition 46: 155–164.
Dogan, M., and Akgulb, A. 2005. Fatty acid composition of some walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars from east Anatolia. Grasasy Aceites 56 (4): 328-331.
Gandev, S. 2007. Budding and grafting of the walnut (Juglans regia L.) and their effectiveness in Bulgaria (Review). Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science 13: 683-689.
Ghasemi, M., Arzani, K., Hassani, D., and Ghasemi, S. 2010. Fatty acids composition of some selected walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes in Markazi province. Journal of Food Science and Technology 7: 31-37 (in Persian).
Golzari, M., Rahemi, M., Hassani, D., Vahdati, K., and Mohammadi, N. 2013. Protein content, fat and fatty acids of kernel in some Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars affected by kind of pollen. Journal of Food Science and Technology 38 (10): 21-31 (in Persian).
Labuckas, D. O., Maestri, D. M., Perello, M., Martınez, M. L., and Lamarque, A. L. 2008. Phenolics from walnut (Juglans regia L.) kernels: Antioxidant activity and interactions with proteins. Food Chemistry 107: 607-612.
Li, L., Tsao, R., Yang, R., Liu, C. M., Zhu, H. H., and Young, J. C. 2006. Polyphenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of heartnut (Juglans ailanthifolia var. cordiformis) and Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54: 8033-8040.
Mao, X., and Hua, Y. 2012. Composition, structure and functional properties of protein concentrates and isolates produced from walnut (Juglans regia L.). International Journal of Molecular Science 13: 1561-1581.
Martınez, M. L., Labuckas, D. O., Lamarque, A. L., and Maestri, D. M. 2010. Walnut (Juglans regia L.): genetic resources, chemistry, by-products. Journal of Science Food Agriculture 90: 1959-1967.
Metcalf, L. D., Schmitz, A. A., and Pelka, J. R. 1966. Rapid preparation of fatty acid esters from lipids for gas chromatographic analysis. Analytical Chemistry 38: 514-515.
Moigradean, D., Poiana, M. A., Alda, P., and Gogoasa, I. 2013. Quantitative identification of fatty acids from walnut and coconut oils using GC-MS method. Journal of Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies 19 (4): 459-463.
Özcan, M. M. 2009. Some nutritional characteristics of fruit and oil of walnut (Juglans regia L.) growing in Turkey. Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 28 (1): 57-62.
Pereira, J. A., Oliveira, I., Sousa, A., Ferreira, I. C. F. R., Bento, A., and Estevinho, L. 2008. Bioactive properties and chemical composition of six walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars. Food and Chemical Toxicology 46: 2103-2111.
Rabrenovic, B., Dimic, E., Maksimovic, M., Sobajic, S., and Gajic-Krstajic, L. 2011.Determination of fatty acid and tocopherol compositions and the oxidative stability of walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars grown in Serbia. Czech Journal of Food Science 29 (1): 74-78.
Reiter, R. J., Manchester, L. C., and Dun-xian Tan, M. D. 2005. Melatonin in walnuts: influence on levels of melatonin and total antioxidant capacity of blood. Nutrition 21: 920-924.
Sarikhani Khorami, S., Arzani, K., and Roozban, M. R. 2012. Identification and selection of twelve walnut superior and promising genotypes in Fars Province, Iran. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 28-1 (2): 277-296 (in Persian).
Sarikhani Khorami, S., Arzani, K., Roozban, M. R., and Mirsoleymani, M. 2013. Evaluation of morphological, phenological and pomological diversity of some Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes in north of Fars Province. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science 44 (3): 301-313 (in Persian).
Venkatachalam, M., and Sathe, S. K. 2006. Chemical composition of selected edible nut seeds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 13: 4705-4714.
Zeneli, G., Kola, H., and Dida, M. 2005. Phenotypic variation in native walnut populations of Northern Albania. Scientia Horticulturae 105: 91-100.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,088 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 574 |
||