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بررسی اثر مقدار نیتروژن بر کارایی مصرف نیتروژن ارقام جو در شرایط مشهد و دامغان | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 30، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 116، مهر 1396، صفحه 1-13 اصل مقاله (470.72 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2018.110384.1176 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فرزد فنودی* 1؛ حمید رضا خزاعی2؛ محمد کافی3؛ مرتضی گلدانی4 | ||
| 1دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد دامغان | ||
| 2گروه زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| 3عضو هیئت علمی گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| 4عضو هیئت علمی گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به‌منظور بررسی اندازه گیری تأثیر سطوح نیتروژن بر تغییرات کارایی مصرف نیتروژن و عملکرد در ارقام قدیم و جدید جو آزمایشی بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار در مشهد و دامغان در سال زراعی 1394-1393 انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش از ترکیب سطوح مختلف عامل رقم (شامل 5 رقم جدید: فجر30، نصرت، بهرخ، یوسف، نیک و 5 رقم قدیم: ریحان، ارم، افضل، نیمروز، کارون) در سطوح مختلف عامل کود نیتروژنه (3 سطح کود نیتروژن شامل مصرف کود نرمال، 50 درصد کمتر و 50 درصد بیشتر از مقدار نیتروژن توصیه شده) بدست آمد. در این پژوهش صفات عملکرد دانه، کارایی مصرف نیتروژن، کارایی جذب نیتروژن، کارایی بهره وری نیتروژن، شاخص برداشت نیتروژن، نیتروژن بذر اندازه‌گیری شدند. تجزیه واریانس مرکب مشاهدات نشان داد که اثر کود نیتروژنه و رقم برای تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه کاملاً معنی‌دار می‌باشد، اثرمتقابل مکان در رقم برای صفات کارایی مصرف نیتروژن، کارایی بهره‌وری نیتروژن و عملکرد معنی دار و سایر اثرات متقابل معنی‌دار نشد. مقایسه میانگین نشان داد ارقام جدید کارایی مصرف نیتروژن و عملکرد بالاتری نسبت به ارقام قدیمی دارند. تمام صفات مورد مطالعه ارتباط مثبت و معنی‌داری با عملکرد دانه نشان دادند. با توجه به برتری ارقام جدید نسبت به ارقام قدیم از لحاظ عملکرد و کارایی مصرف نیتروژن در هر دو منطقه، استفاده از ارقام جدید برای کشت مطلوب‌تر است اما با توجه به عکس العمل متفاوت ارقام در مناطق مشهد و دامغان بایستی برای هر منطقه رقم پایدار انتخاب گردد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| عملکرد؛ کارایی جذب نیتروژن؛ تجزیه مرکب؛ ارقام جدید | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of nitrogen application rate on nitrogen use efficiency in barley cultivars in Mashhad and Damghan conditions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Farzad Fanoodi1؛ Hamid reza Khazaei2؛ mohammad Kafi3؛ Morteza Goldani4 | ||
| 1Damghan | ||
| 2Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad | ||
| 3Faculty member of Ferdowsi university | ||
| 4Associate professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Barely (Hordeum Vulgare L.) is one of the major grain crops from cereal family, which is the world`s fourth most important crop in terms of cultivation area and yield production after wheat, corn and rice. Iran`s share of world barely production is 2.7 million hectares, representing almost 1.86 % of total global barley production, according to Ministry of Agriculture Jihad statistics (2013). Nitrogen is one of the most important nutritional elements with a high consumption rate, which plays a pivotal role in the vital processes of plants. Lack of nitrogen is associated with the more significant limitation in producing crops compared to the other natural elements. Over-consumption of nitrogen fertilizer harms the environment, while it also has an intense restrictive effect on microorganism diversity and yield of the crops’ roots. Furthermore, less consumption of nitrogen than the required amount might be associated with the diminished yield of the crops (Beatty et al., 2010). To increase the efficiency of nitrogen consumption, we need nitrogen management strategies, traditional methods of plant breeding and biotechnology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen use efficiency and yield of old and new barely cultivars in the two regions of Mashhad and Damghan. Materials and Methods The study was conducted at the research farms of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and university of Agricultural Sciences of Damghan, Iran in the crop year of 2014-2015, using a factorial design based on completely random blocks with three replicas. Experimental treatments were combination of barley cultivars (five new cultivars: Fajr 30, Nosrat, Behrokh, Yousef and Nik, and five old cultivars: Reyhan, Eram, Afzal, Nimrooz and Karoon) and different levels of nitrogen fertilizer based on soil test from depth of 0-30 cm (the consumption of normal fertilizer, 50% less and 50% more than the recommended amount of nitrogen for barely). In this experiment, in addition to yield attributes, traits such as nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen uptake efficiency, nitrogen productivity, nitrogen harvest index and seed nitrogen content were measured. Result and Discussion The results of combined analysis of variance indicated that the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and cultivar was significant on the all studied traits. While the interaction of the location and cultivar was significant for nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen productivity and yield, the other interactions were not found to be significant. The lower application of nitrogen than normal was compared with its excessive consumption, which indicated a reduction in the nitrogen utilization efficiency, uptake efficiency, productivity, harvest index, and nitrogen seed content in all the studied barely cultivars. The new barely cultivars exhibited higher nitrogen use efficiency than the old cultivars. Furthermore, maximum and minimum nitrogen use efficiency were respectively recorded for Behrokh cultivar at Mashhad region and Afzal cultivar at Damghan region, where nitrogen use efficiency of new cultivar of Behrokh was 57 % more than that of Afzal old cultivar. Accordingly, level of nitrogen use efficiency under the climate of Mashhad was approximately 33% higher than Damghan. The highest nitrogen uptake efficiency and harvest index were observed in Behrokh and Eram cultivars, respectively. In addition, maximum and minimum content of nitrogen in the seeds were registered for the cultivars of Nik and Afzal, respectively, so that the seed nitrogen content of Nik new cultivar was 22% higher than Afzal old cultivar. Comparison of average grain yield across the regions showed that the old cultivars consistently produced lower grain yield as compared to new ones where Yousef new cultivar gave the highest grain yield (6573 kg ha-1) in Mashhad and old Afzal cultivar had the lowest grain yield (3152 kg ha-1) in Damghan. Superiority of new cultivars compared to old cultivars could be attributed to their genetic enhancement in terms of yield production (Gabriella et al., 2003). It is also notable that all the studied features in the current research had significant positive associations with seed yield performance. Given the variable response of the cultivars in Mashhad and Damghan, different cultivars should be tested to identify those cultivars that are adapted to the climatic conditions of each region. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| New Cultivars, Composite Analysis, function, Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency | ||
| مراجع | ||
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AbdelGhani, H. A., Parzies, K., Ceccarelli, S., Grando, S., and Geiger, H. H. 2005. Estimation of quantitative genetic parameters for out crossing-related traits in barley. Crop Science, 45: 98-105. | ||
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