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مشخصه‌های روشنه تاج در یک جنگل آمیخته پهن‌برگ (مطالعه موردی: سری دو جنگل شصت‌کلاته گرگان) | ||
| تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 26، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 71، فروردین 1397، صفحه 24-35 اصل مقاله (525.92 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfpr.2018.116138 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| صدیقه خداوردی1؛ مجتبی امیری* 2؛ داوود کرتولی‌نژاد2؛ جهانگیر محمدی3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جنگل‌شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکده کویرشناسی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشکده کویرشناسی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| روشنه‌های تاج یکی از مهم‌ترین پدیده‌های طبیعی مقیاس‌کوچک جنگل‌های معتدله هستند که می‌توانند نقش مهمی در تغییر ساختار و ترکیب توده ایفا کنند. ایجاد روشنه در جنگل‌های هیرکانی اثرات زیادی بر استقرار تجدید حیات و افزایش تنوع زیستی دارد. در این پژوهش، مشخصه‌های روشنه تاج در یک جنگل آمیخته پهن‌برگ در سری دو جنگل شصت‌کلاته گرگان بررسی شد. پس از جنگل‌گردشی، 82 روشنه با حداقل سطح 40 متر مربع در پارسل‌های 3، 4، 5 و 7 شناسایی شده و مشخصه‌های هر روشنه شامل قطر بزرگ و کوچک، قطر و ارتفاع درختان روشنه‌ساز (افتاده و سرپا) اندازه‌گیری شدند. برای برداشت تجدید حیات گونه‌های درختی، در دو طبقه ارتفاعی کمتر و بیشتر از 0/5 متر در داخل هر روشنه پنج ریزقطعه‌نمونه 2×2 متر (درمجموع 410 ریزقطعه‌نمونه) درنظر گرفته شد. همچنین، در صورت وجود، تعداد گونه‌های پرکننده تا قطر 10 سانتی‌متر در سطح کل روشنه برداشت شد. نتایج نشان داد که مساحت روشنه‌ها بین 40 تا 1708 و میانگین آن‌ها 470 متر مربع بود. اکثر روشنه‌های تاج (72 درصد) مساحتی کمتر از 400 متر مربع داشتند. همچنین، عامل ایجاد اکثر روشنه‌ها، تعداد دو و بیشتر خشک‌دار بود که ممرز با 51/45 درصد مهم‌ترین گونه روشنه‌ساز به‌شمار می‌آمد. افزایش سطح روشنه تا 400 متر مربع باعث افزایش زادآوری گونه‌های درختی شد، در حالی‌که با افزایش سطح روشنه به بیشتر از 500 متر مربع، تجدید حیات گونه‌های اصلی توده کاهش یافت. ممرز بیشترین فراوانی تجدید حیات در سطح روشنه‌ها را داشت. با توجه به نتایج، می‌توان گفت که روشنه‌ها عامل مهمی برای تجدید حیات درختان جنگلی محسوب می‌شوند، بنابراین برای دستیابی به اهداف مدیریت پایدار جنگل باید در طرح‌های جنگل‌داری توجه ویژه‌ای به آن‌ها شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تجدید حیات؛ جنگل‌های هیرکانی؛ خشک‌دار؛ درختان روشنه‌ساز | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Characteristics of canopy gap in a broad-leaved mixed forest (Case study: District No. 2, Shast-Kalateh Forest, Golestan province) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Sedigheh Khodaverdi1؛ Mojtaba Amiri2؛ Davoud Kartoolinejad2؛ Jahangir Mohammadi3 | ||
| 1M.Sc. Student Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Desert Studies, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Desert Studies, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran | ||
| 3Assistant Prof , Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Canopy gaps are amongst the most important small-scale phenomena in many temperate, old growth forests, and play a fundamental role in composition and structure of stands. Their occurrence in Hyrcanian forests is associated with numerous effects, including the establishment of species regeneration and increasing forest biodiversity. Due to the importance of in-depth information on canopy gaps, a number of their characteristics were studied in an intact mixed broad-leaved stand in Shast-Kalateh experimental forest Golestan province. We investigated 82 canopy gaps (with a size larger than 40m2) in the compartments 3, 4, 5 and 7 of the forest. For each canopy gap, two parameters of length (L, as the longest distance within the gap) and the width (W, as the largest distance perpendicular to the length) were measured. In addition, data on natural regeneration was sampled within all gaps by species-specific measurement of individuals with DBH 2, with average and median gap size of 470 and 278.6 m2, respectively. The most frequent canopy gaps were those < 400 m2 (71.95%). We observed only few gaps >1000 m2. Most gaps were formed by tree mortality, where hornbeam trees were responsible for 51.45% of gaps. In this study, the increase of gap size to 400 m2 led to increasing the regeneration of tree species. In contrast, the regeneration of main species decreased when gap area increased by more than 500 m2. Hornbeams were the most frequent regenerations in canopy gaps. Finally, the results showed that canopy gaps are crucial factors for regeneration and restoration of forest trees. Therefore, this study calls for increased attention to the different aspects of canopy gaps in order to achieve sustainable management objectives in forestry plans. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Dead tree, gap maker, Hyrcanian forests, regeneration | ||
| مراجع | ||
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