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زیست‌شناسی سرخرطومی Lixus fasciculatus بهعنوان مهارکنندۀ درمنه وحشی، Artemisia vulgaris در منطقۀ ارومیه | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه‌پزشکی | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 5، شماره 1، شهریور 1396، صفحه 45-57 اصل مقاله (297.22 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2017.116070 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سعید شهند1؛ یونس کریمپور* 2 | ||
| 1گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه | ||
| 2هیات علمی - دانشگاه ارومیه | ||
| چکیده | ||
| زیست‌شناسی سرخرطومی ساقه‌خوار درمنۀ وحشی Lixus fasciculaus Boheman (Col., Curculionidae) روی Artemisia vulgaris L. (Asteraceae) در اطراف ارومیه مورد مطالعه قرارگرفت. نتایج نشان داد که این سرخرطومی یک نسل در سال دارد و به شکل لارو کامل داخل ساقه‌های خشکیده گیاه میزبان زمستان‌گذرانی می‌کند. خروج حشرات کامل از اواسط اردیبهشت ماه آغاز می‌شود و پس از خروج، از برگهای تازه گیاه میزبان تغذیه و در طول زندگی خود بهطور متناوب جفت‌گیری می‌کنند. سرخرطومی‌های ماده، با حفر سوراخی در ساقه درمنه تخم‌های خود را بهصورت انفرادی درون ساقه‌ها قرارداده و روی آن‌ها را با بقایای گیاهی حاصل از جویدن ساقه‌ها می‌پوشانند. میانگین باروری حشرات مادۀ سرخرطومی 6/4±4/23 تخم (دامنه 17 تا 32 تخم) برآورد شد. در شرایط طبیعی دورۀ رشد و نمو جنینی 8/1±3/8 روز (دامنه 6 تا 11 روز) طول کشید. لارو جوان پس از خارج شدن از تخم، با سوراخ کردن و نفوذ به درون ساقه از بافت‌های داخلی آن تغذیه می‌کند. لارو کاملاً رشد یافته یک حفره شفیرگی در درون ساقه ایجاد و نهایتاً در آن‌جا به شفیره تبدیل می‌شود. کامل شدن دوره لاروی بیش از 10 ماه طول می‌کشد. لاروهای کامل تا دهۀ اول اردیبهشت ماه سال بعد در داخل ساقه باقی مانده و از اواخر فروردین شفیره شدن آن‌ها آغاز می‌شود. بسته به شرایط آب و هوایی کامل شدن دورۀ شفیرگی 5/4±2/13 روز (دامنه 11 تا 19 روز) طول می‌کشد. حشرات کامل نسل جدید از اوایل اردیبهشت ماه ظاهر می‌شوند. در منطقۀ ارومیه لاروهای سرخرطومی L. fasciculatus توسط زنبورهای پارازیتوئیدRhaconotus aciculatus Ruthe, 1854 وSchizoprymnus telengai Tobias, 1976 (Hym.: Braconidae) و Eurytoma ussuriensis Zerova (1995) (Hym.: Eurytomidae) انگلی می‌شوند. ارتباط سرخرطومی L. fasciculatus با پارازیتوئیدهای ذکر شده و انتشار زنبورهای S. telengai و E. ussuriensisدر ایران نیز برای اولین‌بار گزارش می‌شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| درمنۀ وحشی؛ سرخرطومی Lixus fasciculatus؛ زیست‌شناسی؛ پارازیتوئید؛ ارومیه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Biology of mugwort weevil, Lixus fasciculatus (Col.: Curculionidae) on Artemisia vulgaris (Asteraceae) in Urmia region | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Saeid Shahand1؛ Younes Karimpour2 | ||
| 2Academic Staff - Urmia University | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The biology of Lixus fasciculatus Boheman, was studied on Artemisia vulgaris L. (Asteraceae) in the fields and field margins of Urmia region. The results revealed that, the weevil completes a single generation per year and overwinters as mature larvae inside the dried stems of host plant. Adults emerge from the dead stems, in early May. After emerging, they start to feed on the leaf tissues of the host plants and mate from time to time. Females then chew holes into the stem, and lay eggs singly in the each hole. The eggs were covered with plant fibers by females for protection. Female's fecundity was calculated as 23.4±4.6 (range: 17-32). In the natural conditions, the incubation period takes 8.3±1.8 (range: 6-11) days. Upon hatching, the young larvae bore into the stem where they feed on the tissue. The fully developed larvae make pupal cell in the stem and eventually pupate in it. Larval stage takes more than 10 months to complete inside the stem. The mature larvae stay inside the stem until late-April of the following year. The pupal stage begins in mid-April and depending on the environmental conditions lasts 13.2±4.5 (range: 11-19) days. The new generation of adults appears in the late April. The larvae of L. fasciculatus were parasitized by Rhaconotus aciculatus Ruthe, 1854 (Hym.: Braconidae), Schizoprymnus telengai Tobias, 1976 (Hym.: Braconidae) and Eurytoma ussuriensis Zeova (1995) (Hym.: Eurytomidae) in Urmia region. The association of L. fasciculatus with mentioned parasitoids are new findings. To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. telengai and E. ussuriensis from Iran. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Lixus fasciculatus, biology, parasitoids, mugwort, Urmia | ||
| مراجع | ||
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