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تأثیر تنش خشکی و مقادیر کود نیتروژنه بر میزان و عملکرد اسانس و برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیکی گیاه دارویی ریحان (Ocimum basilicum L.) | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 13، دوره 33، شماره 6 - شماره پیاپی 86، بهمن و اسفند 1396، صفحه 1047-1059 اصل مقاله (255.25 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2018.112686.2085 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| احمد افکاری* | ||
| استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد کلیبر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کلیبر، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به‌منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی و نیتروژن بر میزان و عملکرد اسانس و برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیکی گیاه ریحان (Ocimum basilicum L.)، آزمایشی به‌صورت طرح کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اردبیل در سال 1392 انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل سه سطح تنش خشکی (70، 140 و 210 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A) و کود نیتروژن در سه سطح (صفر، 50 و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بودند. نتایج حاصل از آزمایش نشان داد که تأثیر تیمار تنش خشکی بر تمامی ویژگی‌های مورد بررسی معنی‌دار بود. نتایج نشان داد که برهم‌کنش تنش خشکی و کود نیتروژن بر ویژگی‌های کلروفیل a، کلروفیل کل، محتوای نسبی آب، عملکرد ماده خشک و عملکرد اسانس معنی‌دار بود. همچنین تیمار کودی سبب افزایش معنی‌دار ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد ماده خشک گیاه گردید. نتایج مقایسه میانگین برهم‌کنش تیمارها مشخص کرد که بیشترین میزان کلروفیل a (2.65میلی‌گرم در گرم وزن تر)، کلروفیل کل (3.42 میلی‌گرم در گرم وزن تر)، محتوای نسبی آب (72.02%)، عملکرد ماده خشک (2261.25 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد اسانس (7.21 کیلوگرم در هکتار) مربوط به تیمار بدون تنش و مصرف 100 کیلوگرم کود نیتروژنه در هکتار، بیشترین میزان کربوهیدرات (3.41 میکروگرم گلوگز در گرم وزن تر) و پرولین (0.681 میکرومول در گرم وزن تر) مربوط به تیمار تنش شدید بود. با بالا رفتن سطح تنش خشکی از میزان کلروفیل a، b، کل، کاروتنوئید، محتوای نسبی آب، درصد و عملکرد اسانس کاسته و بر میزان کربوهیدرات و پرولین افزوده شد. بنابراین، آبیاری 70 میلی‌متر تبخیر و مصرف 100 کیلوگرم کود نیتروژنه در هکتار به‌عنوان تیمار برتر برای دستیابی به بالاترین میزان کلروفیل a، کلروفیل کل، محتوای نسبی آب، عملکرد ماده خشک و عملکرد اسانس ریحان توصیه می‌شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تنش خشکی؛ کلروفیل؛ اسانس؛ ریحان (Ocimum basilicum L.)؛ کود؛ کربوهیدرات | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of drought stress and nitrogen fertilizer rate on some physiological characteristics, essential oil percentage, and yield of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| A. Afkari | ||
| Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Kaleybar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kaleybar, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In order to investigate the effects of drought stress and nitrogen fertilizer on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), a split-plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design in three replications in the research farm of Islamic Azad University, ArdabilBranch, 2015. The treatments included drought stress (70, 140 and 210 mm of class A evaporation pan) and nitrogen fertilizer at three levels (0, 50 and 100 kg/hectare) respectively. The results showed that the effect of drought stress treatment was significant on the traits investigated. The interaction of drought stress × nitrogen fertilizer had a significant effect on the traits measured, such as chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, relative water content, dry matter yield, and essential oil yield. In addition, fertilizer treatment caused a significant increase in the physiological characteristics, dry matter yield, and essential oil yield. According to the results, the maximum content of chlorophyll a (2.65 mg/g fresh weight), total chlorophyll (3.42 mg/g fresh weight), relative water content (72.02 percent), dry matter yield (2261.25 kg/hectare), and essential oil yield (7.13 kg/hectare) were obtained for the control treatment and 100 kg of nitrogen per hectare. The maximum content of carbohydrates (3.40 μg/g glucose per fresh weight) and proline (0.681 µmol/g fresh weight) was related to the severe stress treatment. The content of chlorophyll a, b, total, relative water content, carotenoid, and essential oil percent and yield decreased by increasing the drought stress, while the content of carbohydrate and proline increased. Therefore, irrigation at 70 mm evaporation and 100 kg nitrogen fertilizer per hectare could be recommended as the best treatment to achieve the highest levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll total, relative water content, dry matter yield, and essential oil yield of basil. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Drought Stress, chlorophyll, essential oil, basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), Fertilizer, Carbohydrate | ||
| مراجع | ||
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