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فیض بخش, محمد تقی, سوقی, حبیب ا.... (1396). ارزیابی واکنش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های گندم نان (Triticum aestivum L.) نسبت به تاریخ کاشت به‌موقع و دیرهنگام... سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 30(1), 64-82. doi: 10.22092/aj.2018.109816.1132
محمد تقی فیض بخش; حبیب ا... سوقی. "ارزیابی واکنش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های گندم نان (Triticum aestivum L.) نسبت به تاریخ کاشت به‌موقع و دیرهنگام..". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 30, 1, 1396, 64-82. doi: 10.22092/aj.2018.109816.1132
فیض بخش, محمد تقی, سوقی, حبیب ا.... (1396). 'ارزیابی واکنش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های گندم نان (Triticum aestivum L.) نسبت به تاریخ کاشت به‌موقع و دیرهنگام..', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 30(1), pp. 64-82. doi: 10.22092/aj.2018.109816.1132
فیض بخش, محمد تقی, سوقی, حبیب ا.... ارزیابی واکنش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های گندم نان (Triticum aestivum L.) نسبت به تاریخ کاشت به‌موقع و دیرهنگام... سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1396; 30(1): 64-82. doi: 10.22092/aj.2018.109816.1132

ارزیابی واکنش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های گندم نان (Triticum aestivum L.) نسبت به تاریخ کاشت به‌موقع و دیرهنگام..

پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی
مقاله 5، دوره 30، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 114، فروردین 1396، صفحه 64-82    اصل مقاله (519.8 K)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2018.109816.1132
نویسندگان
محمد تقی فیض بخش* 1؛ حبیب ا... سوقی2
1عضو هیات علمی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان
2مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان- گرگان- ایران
چکیده
افزایش عملکرد در گندم مستلزم شناخت روش‌های مدیریتی مناسب است. از جمله مهم‌ترین آنها معرفی ارقام جدید و تاریخ کاشت مناسب می‌باشد. به منظور مطالعه واکنش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم نان نسبت به دو تاریخ کاشت به موقع و دیرهنگام آزمایشی در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی گرگان وابسته به مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان در سال زراعی 1394-1395 انجام شد. این بررسی در دو آزمایش جداگانه انجام شد. هر آزمایش در سه تکرار شامل نه ژنوتیپ گندم بود. آزمایش اول در تاریخ 15 آذر (به موقع) و آزمایش دوم 15دی (دیرهنگام) بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثرات تاریخ کاشت بر روی ارتفاع بوته، روز تا گلدهی، روز تا رسیدگی، تعداد سنبله در مترمربع، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت معنی‌دار بود. همچنین اثرات متقابل تاریخ کاشت × ژنوتیپ‌های مورد بررسی بر روی همه صفات مورد بررسی معنی‌دار گردید. نتایج نشان داد که افزایش دما در کشت‌های دیرهنگام باعث کاهش روز تا گلدهی، روز تا رسیدگی، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد سنبله در مترمربع، تعداد دانه در سنبله، عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه می‌گردد. بررسی عملکرد دانه ژنوتیپ‌ها نشان داد که همه ژنوتیپ‌های مورد بررسی در هر دو تاریخ کاشت از نظر عملکرد دانه بالاتر و یا هم‌ردیف (در یک گروه آماری) با رقم شاهد (گنبد) قرار گرفتند و می‌توانند جهت معرفی به کشاورزان و افزایش تنوع در ارقام مورد بهره‌برداری قرار گیرند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
گندم؛ عملکرد دانه؛ سنبله؛ تاریخ کشت؛ گرگان؛ رقم
عنوان مقاله [English]
Evaluating the response of yield and yield components of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes to in normal and late seeding dates..
نویسندگان [English]
Habib Soqi2؛
2Department of Seed and Plant Improvement, Agricultural Research Center and Natural Resource of Golestan,
چکیده [English]
Title: Studying the response of yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes to in normal and late seeding dates.


Introduction: According to Ministry of Jihad e Agriculture in 2016, Wheat is the most important cropin Iran and the wheat area with 63.1 percent shares most of wheat cultivated area in Iran. Also according to the latest statistics, 357 thousand hectares were sown wheat in the Golestan province (Ministry of Jihad e Agriculture, 2016). Increasing wheat yield requires an understanding of appropriate management method that are most important introducing new cultivars and appropriate seeding dates. Planting date, particularly in areas with environmental constraints such as extreme heat and cold early or late and end of the season is mid-summer, crop production is an important option in the management decisions. Often with a change in planting date, soil and ambient temperature change, which will cause different reactions in different growth stages of the plant (Eshraghi-Nejad et al., 2011; Tomaret al., 1993).


Materials and Methods: To investigate studying the response of yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes to in normal and late seeding dates, this experiment was carried out at Gorgan research station of Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center in 2015-2016 growing season. The soil type in the experimental station is silty clay loam. This investigate was done in two experiment. Each experiment was done including nine genotype with three replication. Each plot consisted of six
rows that were 6 m long. Both experiments were conducted without nutrient limitations. Fertilizers were applied based on the soil test results. The first experiment was in normal seeding date ( 6th December, 2015) and the second was in late seeding date (5th January 5, 2016).


Results and Disruptions: The results of analysis of variance showed that the effects of seeding date was significant on high plant, day to anthesis, day to maturity, number of spike per square, grain yield, biomass and harvest index. Also the interaction effects of seeding date × Genotype was significant all of traits under study. The highest grain yield reductions were observed in the second seeding date (late seeding dates) And with increase the temperature, days to anthesis, days to maturity, high plant, day to anthesis, day to maturity, number of spike per square, grain yield, biomass and harvest index decreased. The results showed that seeding date on yield and yield components of wheat were impressive. In the late planting date plant flowering under thermal stress that is above 30 degrees reduces the number of spikes per square meter, number of grains per spike and grain yield.

Conclusions: Before sowing, it is necessary to know crop yield responses to seeding dates. Results of the current study showed that the yield and yield components were limited by delayed seeding date. Investigated of grain yield of genotypes showed that all genotypes in both seeding dates in term of grain yield were higher or equivalent (in a statistical group) with the control cheek (Gonbad), and can be introduced to farmers for increasing diversity in cultivars.

Key words: Wheat, Grain yield, Spike, Seeding date, Gorgan, Cultivar
References:
Eshraghi-Nejad, M., Kamkar, B., and Soltani, A. 2011. The effect of sowing date on yield of millet varieties by influencing on phonological periods duration. Electronic Journal of Crop Production.4 (2): 169-188 in Persian with English summery.

Ministry of Jihad e Agriculture. 2016. Statistics. Avalible at Web site. http://amar.maj.ir/Portal /Home/Default.aspx? CategoryID= 117564e0-507c-4565-9659-fbabfb4acb9b (accessed 25 February 2017).
Tomar, S.S., Pathan, M.A., Gupta, K.P., and Khandkar, U.R. 1993. Effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria at different levels of phosphate on black gram (Phaseolus mungo). Indian of Journal Agronomy. 38(1): 131-133.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Wheat, Grain yield, Spike, Seeding date, Gorgan, cultivar
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