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تأثیر کاربرد بیوچار بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد سیاه‌دانه (.Nigella sativa L) در شرایط کم آبیاری | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 12، دوره 33، شماره 5 - شماره پیاپی 85، دی 1396، صفحه 837-852 اصل مقاله (291.38 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2017.114596.2075 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فاطمه عباس پور1؛ حمیدرضا اصغری* 2؛ پرویز رضوانی‌مقدم3؛ حمید عباس دخت2؛ جواد شباهنگ4؛ عادل بیگ بابایی5 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکترا، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران | ||
| 3استاد، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران | ||
| 4استادیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران | ||
| 5استادیار، گروه شیمی فیزیک، پژوهشکده علوم و صنایع غذایی خراسان رضوی، مشهد، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر بیوچار بر صفات کمّی سیاه‌دانه (Nigella sativa L.) در شرایط کم آبیاری، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل آبیاری به‌عنوان عامل اصلی در سه سطح 100% (I1)، 70% (I2) و 40% (I3) نیاز آبی و کرت‌های فرعی شامل فاکتور بیوچار در سه سطح شامل بدون بیوچار (B1)، 10 تن در هکتار بیوچار (B2) و 20 تن در هکتار بیوچار (B3)؛ و کود شیمیایی در دو سطح شامل بدون مصرف کود (F1) و مصرف کود (F2) بود. نتایج نشان داد که مصرف10 تن در هکتار بیوچار در مقایسه با مصرف20 تن در هکتار، تعداد دانه در بوته و وزن دانه در بوته را به‌طور معنی‌داری افزایش داد. کاربرد کود شیمیایی بر کلیه صفات سیاه‌دانه بجز وزن هزاردانه معنی‌دار بود. با وجود معنی‌دار نبودن اثر ساده بیوچار بر عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک، اثر متقابل آن با کود شیمیایی و نیاز آبی معنی‌دار شد. در استفاده همزمان 10 تن در هکتار بیوچار به‌همراه کود شیمیایی و آبیاری براساس 70% نیاز آبی (I2B2F2)، بیشترین میزان افزایش عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک (به‌ترتیب با 1356 کیلوگرم در هکتار و 5776 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بدست آمد. به این ترتیب کاربرد مقدار متعادلی از بیوچار به‌همراه کود شیمیایی به‌دلیل بهبود عناصر غذایی خاک و کاهش آبشویی نیتروژن، علاوه‌بر تأثیر بهینه بر عملکرد، میزان آب مصرفی در تولید سیاه‌دانه را نیز کاهش داد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آبشویی؛ عملکرد دانه؛ کود شیمیایی؛ نیاز آبی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of biochar application on yield and yield components of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) under low irrigation conditions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| F. Abbaspour1؛ H.R. Asghri2؛ P. Rezvani Moghaddam3؛ H. Abbasdokht2؛ J. Shabahang4؛ A. Baig Babaei5 | ||
| 1Ph.D. student, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran | ||
| 2Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran | ||
| 3Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 4Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 5Research Institute of Food Science and Technology, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| A field experiment was conducted focusing on the effects of biochar on quantity characteristics of Black Seed (Nigella sativa L.) under water deficit conditions. The experimental design was split plot factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Three levels of irrigation (I1: 100%, I2: 70% and I3: 40% of water irrigation requirement) were assigned as main plots and the combination of three levels of biochar (B1: 0, B2: 10 and B3:20 t.ha-1) and two levels of chemical fertilizers (F1: without and F2: with chemical fertilizer) were allocated as sub plots. Results were shown that seed number per plant and seed weight per plant significantly increased by 10 t.ha-1 biochar application compared with 20 t.ha-1. Chemical fertilizer significantly affected the yield components of black seed except 1000-seed weight. The interaction between biochar, chemical fertilizer and water requirements significantly affected the seed yield and biological yield. The result revealed that the application of 10 t.ha-1 biochar plus 70% water irrigation requirement and using chemical fertilizer (I2B2F2) produced the highest seed yield and biological yield (1365 and 5776 kg.ha-1, respectively). Application of biochar combined with chemical fertilizers could improve soil nutrient and water availability conditions and increased the yield of black seed. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Leaching, seed yield, chemical fertilizer, Water requirement | ||
| مراجع | ||
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