Abraham, E. M., Parissi, Z. M., Sklavou, P., Kyriazopoulos, A. and Tsiouvaras, C. N., 2009. Defoliation frequency effects on winter forage production and nutritive value of different entries of Dactylis glomerata L. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 52: 229-237.
Akbarnia, A., Khosravifard, M. and Mehrabi, F., 2002. Determination of allowable use factor of planted range species Bromus tomentellus in Noodhak Range Research Station in Ghazvin province (steppic region). Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 7: 333-345.
Anderson, M. T. and Frank, D. A., 2003. Defoliation effects on reproductive biomass: Importance of scale and timing. Journal of Range Management, 56: 501-516.
Ansley, R. J. and Castellano, M. J., 2007. Texas wintergrass and buffalograss response to seasonal fires and clipping. Rangeland Ecology and Management, 60 (2): 154-164.
Arzani, H., 2009. Forage quality and Daily Requirement of Grazing Animal. University of Tehran Press. Tehran, 329p.
Arzani, H., Ezhdari, Gh. and Zare Chahuki, M., 2009. Evaluating efficiency of grid method for estimating the production and utilization of rangeland. Iranian Journal of Rangeland, 3 (4): 611-622.
Azhdari G., H. Arzani, Tavili, A. and Feghhi, J., 2009. Determining criteria of utilization level in different types of Taleghan rangelands, Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 62 (3): 329-340.
Branson, F. A., 1956. Quantitative Effects of Clipping Treatments on Five Range Grasses. Journal of Range Management, 9 (2): 86-88.
Busso, C. A. and Richards, J. H., 1995. Drought and clipping effects on tiller demography and growth of two tussock grasses in Utah. Journal of Arid Environments, 29: 239-251.
Clark, P. E., Krueger, W. C., Bryant, L. D. and Thomas, D. R., 1998. Spring defoliation effects on bluebunch wheatgrass: II. Basal area. Journal of Range Management, 51: 526-530.
Fanestock, J. T. and Detling, J. K., 1999. Plant responses to defoliation and resource supplementation in the Pryor Mountains. Journal of Range Management, 52: 263-270.
Gatti, M. L., Ayala Torales, A. T., Cipriotti, P. A. and Golluscio, R. A., 2016. Effects of defoliation frequency and nitrogen fertilization on the production and potential for persistence of Dactylis glomerata sown in multispecies swards. Grass and Forage Science, doi:10.1111/gfs.12245.
Hempy-Mayer, K. and Pyke, D. A., 2008. Defoliation effects on Bromus tectorum seed production: Implications for grazing. Rangeland Ecology & Management, 61 (1): 116-123. 9
Kleunen, M. V., Ramponi, G. and Schmid, B., 2004. Effects of herbivory simulated by clipping and jasmonic acid on Solidago canadensis. Basic and Applied Ecology, 5: 173-181.
Mullahey, J. J., Waller, S. S. and Moser, L. E., 1990. Defoliation effects on production and morphological development of little bluestem. Journal of Range Management, 43 (6): 497-500.
Owensby, C. E., Smith, E. F. and Rains, J. R., 1977. Carbohydrate and nitrogen reserve cycles for continuous, season-long and intensiveearly stocked Flint Hills bluestem range. Journal of Range Management, 30 (4): 258-260.
Saedi, k., 2015. Effects of grazing on forage quality of three key range species in Saral Rangelands ofKurdistan province, Iran. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 22 (1): 131-142.
Saedi, k., Ghaasriani, F. and Azizinezhad, R., 2011. Clipping effects on some vegetative and generative attributes of Bromus tomentellus Boiss. in Saral rangeland of Kurdistan province, Iran. Iranian Journal of Rangeland, 5 (2): 197-204.
Saedi., K. and Ghasriani, F., 2011. Studying the allowable use factor of range plants and animal grazing behaviour in key ranges of five bioclimatic zones of Iran (Kurdistan - Saral). Final report, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, 67p.
Sharrow, S. H. and Kuntz, D., 1999. Plant response to defoliation in a subalpine green fescue community. Journal of Range Management, 52: 174-180.
Tang, L., Gao, J., Wang, C., Wang., B. L., Chen, J. and Zhao, B., 2009. Designing an effective clipping regime for controlling the invasive plant Spartina alterniflora in an estuarine salt marsh. Ecological Engineering, 35: 874–881.
Tavakoli., H., Sanadgol, A. A. and Garivani. and Y. A., 2006. Effect of different grazing intensities and rest grazing on forage production and performance of Russian brome. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 13 (2): 69-73.
Tracy, K. B., Mosley, J. C., Lucas, D. E. and Schmidt, L. R., 2007. Bluebunch wheatgrass response to spring defoliation on foothill Rangeland. Rangeland Ecology & Management, 60 (5): 498-507.
Turner, L. R., Donaghy, D. J., Lane, P. A. and Rawnsley, R. P., 2006a. Effect of defoliation interval on water-soluble carbohydrate and nitrogen energy reserves, regrowth of leaves and roots, and tiller number of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) plants. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 57: 243–249.
Turner, L. R., Donaghy, D. J., Lane, P. A., and Rawnsley, R. P., 2006b. Effect of defoliation management, based on leaf stage, on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), prairie grass (Bromus willdenowii Kunth.) and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) under dryland conditions. 1. Regrowth, tillering and water-soluble carbohydrate concentration. Grass and Forage Science, 61: 164–174.
Turner, L. R., Donaghy, D. J., Lane, P. A. and Rawnsley, R. P., 2006c. Effect of defoliation management, based on leaf stage, on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), prairie grass (Bromus willdenowii Kunth.) and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) under dryland conditions. 2. Nutritive value. Grass and Forage Science, 61: 175–181.
Turner, L. R., Donaghy, D. J., Lane, P. A. and Rawnsley, R. P., 2007. A comparison of the establishment, productivity, and feed quality of four cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) and four brome (Bromus spp.) cultivars, under leaf stage based defoliation management. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 58: 900–906.
White, L. M., 1973. Carbohydrate reserves of grasses: A review. Journal of Range Management, 26(1): 13-18.