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بیوچار، ماده‌ای با ویژگیهای منحصر به‌فرد برای ترسیب کربن اتمسفر و کاهش گرمایش جهانی | ||
| مدیریت اراضی | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 5، شماره 1، شهریور 1396، صفحه 51-63 اصل مقاله (640.05 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: فنی ترویجی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/lmj.2017.113296 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| یاسر عظیم زاده* 1؛ نصرت اله نجفی2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران. | ||
| 2دانشیار خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| تغییرات اقلیمی یکی از بزرگترین چالشهای جهان امروز است. افزایش گاز دیاکسید کربن اتمسفر در نتیجه سوزاندن سوختهای فسیلی و تغییر کاربری اراضی از علتهای اصلی گرمایش جهانی به شمار میرود. بیوچار ماده جامد غنی از کربن پایدار میباشد که برای صدها تا هزاران سال در محیط باقی میماند؛ بنابراین، میتواند با ذخیره کربن، تغییرات اقلیمی و گرمایش زمین را کاهش دهد. علاوهبر آن، افزودن بیوچار به خاک، میتواند بهطور مستقیم و غیرمستقیم انتشار گاز اکسید نیتروژن و سایر گازهای گلخانهای را از خاک کاهش دهد. بیوچار از تخریب گرمایی مواد آلی در محیط بدون اکسیژن و یا با اکسیژن محدود تولید میشود که به این فرآیند، گرماکافت گفته میشود. زیستتوده در طی گرماکافت دچار تغییرات فیزیکی، شیمیایی و مولکولی شده و به سه فاز مایع (روغن زیستی)، جامد (بیوچار) و گاز تبدیل میشود. هر سه فاز جامد، مایع و گاز تولید شده در طی گرماکافت، قابلیت استفاده بهعنوان سوخت را دارد. افزودن بیوچار به خاک علاوهبر ترسیب کربن، باعث بهبود ویژگیهای فیزیکی، شیمیایی و زیستی خاک میشود؛ بنابراین، با افزایش حاصلخیزی خاک و عملکرد محصول نقش مهمی در کشاورزی پایدار و مدیریت پایدار خاک بازی میکند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تغییرات اقلیم؛ روغن زیستی؛ کربن؛ گاز زیستی؛ گرماکافت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Biochar: the Material with Unique Properties for Carbon Sequestration and Global Warming Mitigation | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Yaser Azimzadeh1؛ Nosratollah Najafi2 | ||
| 1PhD Student of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Climate change caused by increasing atmospheric concentration of CO2 due to fossil fuel combustion and land use change is one of the biggest challenges facing our modern world. Being a persistent and carbon-rich solid material, biochar remains stable for hundreds or even thousands of years in the environment. It can, thus, store carbon to mitigate the effects of climate change and global warming. Addition of biochar to soil may also reduce, directly or indirectly, N2O and other greenhouse gases in soils. It is produced in a process called ‘pyrolysis’, which is indeed the thermal degradation of organic materials in environments with no oxygen or only a limited supply. During pyrolysis, biomass undergoes a variety of physical, chemical, and molecular changes in which it is converted into the three liquid (bio-oil), solid (biochar), and gas phases. All the three phases produced by pyrolysis can be used as fuel. Moreover, addition of biochar to soil not only leads to carbon sequestrationbut also improves soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, thereby playing an important role in sustainable agriculture and soil management by improving soil fertility and plant yield. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Bio-oil, Carbon, Climate change, pyrolysis, Syngas | ||
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