| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,846 |
| تعداد مقالات | 32,300 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 41,387,161 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 18,562,192 |
بررسی زیست‌شناسی وکارایی دو گونه زنبور پارازیتوئید Trichogramma spp. روی تخم پروانه‌ی سفیدهی کوچک کلم Pieris rapae در شرایط آزمایشگاهی | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه‌پزشکی | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 4، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 8، اسفند 1395، صفحه 39-53 اصل مقاله (289.47 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2017.112890 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| صالح پور آرین1؛ جلال شیرازی* 2؛ احمد راثی پور3 | ||
| 1گروه حشره شناسی کشاورزی ، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ، واحد علوم وتحقیقات ،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی | ||
| 2عضو هیات علمی موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی کشور | ||
| 3گروه کشاورزی ، دانشکده کشاورزی ، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مهمترین آفت کلم بعد از بید کلم، سفیدهی کوچک کلم، Pieris rapae با خسارت حدود 40% می‌باشد. لذا مطالعه‌ای به‌منظور بررسی کارایی دو گونه زنبور به‌نام‌های Trichogramma brassicae و T. evanescens برای معرفی اولیه به‌عنوان عوامل کنترل بیولوژیک سفیدهی کوچک کلم P. rapae صورت گرفت. کلیه آزمایشها در شرایط اتاق رشد با دمای 5/0±25 درجه‌ی سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی 10±60 درصد و دوره‌ی نوری 16 ساعت روشنایی و 8 ساعت تاریکی انجام شد. براساس مشاهدات مزرعه‌ای و داده‌های پرورش آفت در شرایط گلخانه، مشخص شد که دوران انکوباسیون تخم سفیدهی کوچک کلم حدود 5 تا 7 روز بود. این حشره در شرایط مزرعه دارای پنج سن لاروی مجموعا به‌طول 20 تا 30 روز و دوره‌ی شفیرگی بین 6 تا 9 روز بود. به‌طور معمول، طول عمر حشرات نر حدود 7 و ماده حدود 10 روز ثبت گردید. بررسیهای اولیه نشان داد که طول دوره‌ی رشدی مراحل نابالغ زنبور T. brassicae و T. evanescens به‌ترتیب 15/0±43/10 و 11/0±07/10 روز و 099/0±48/10 و 093/0±17 /10روز برای افراد ماده و نر بود. به‌علاوه طول عمر زنبورهای ماده و نر در این دو گونه به‌همان ترتیب 20/0±03/2 و 24/0±40/1 روز و 16/0±68/1 و 40/0±85/1 روز به‌دست آمد و در ادامه نرخ ناخالص و خالص باروری و بارآوری برای زنبورهای T. brassicae وT. evanescens به‌ترتیب 92/51 و 46/39 تخم و 04/83 و 19/77 تخم برآورد شد. همچنین میانگین سن باروری و بارآوری خالص در زنبور T. brassicae به‌ترتیب 36/0 و 39/0 روز و برای زنبور T. evanescens 162/0 و 162/0 روز به‌دست آمد. به‌همین صورت، نتایج نشان داد نرخهای ناخالص و خالص تولید مثل زنبور T. brassice و T. evanescens روی تخم سفیدهی کوچک کلم به‌ترتیب 77/22 تخم ماده / ماده و 95/12 نتاج ماده / ماده و 14/66 تخم ماده / ماده و 32/29 نتاج ماده/ ماده محاسبه‌شد. نرخهای ذاتی و متناهی افزایش جمعیت به‌ترتیب 238/0 (روز1-) و 269/1 نتاج ماده / روز و 305/0 (روز1-) و 357/1 نتاج ماده برروز برای زنبورهای T. brassicae و T. evanescens بود. مدت زمان دو برابر شدن جمعیت در همین دوگونه به‌همان ترتیب 90/2 و 265/2 روز و طول مدت یک نسل نیز 74/10 و 04/11 روز بود. نتایج حاصل از توزیع سنی پایدار جمعیت برای هر دو گونه مشخص کرد که جمعیت پایدار از حدود 98% جمعیت از مرحله ی نابالغ و 2% افراد بالغ تشکیل شده‌اند. مقایسه‌ی تمامی نتایج حاکی از برتری زنبور T. evanescens نسبت به زنبور T. brassicae روی تخم سفیدهی کوچک کلم P. rapae بود. بنابراین میتوان گفت تا این مرحله زنبور T. evanescens میتواند انتخاب بالقوه‌ای برای کنترل بیولوژیک کاربردی علیه سفیدهی کوچک کلم باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| سفیدهی کوچک کلم؛ Pieris rapae؛ Trichogramma brassicae؛ T.evanescens؛ کلم؛ کنترل بیولوژیک | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| An investigation on the biology and efficiency of Trichogramma spp. on the egg of Pieris rapae under laboratory conditions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Saleh Pourarian1؛ Jalal Shirazi2؛ Ahmad Rasipour33 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Reports have proved that Pieris rapae with 40% annual damage is the second destructive pest of cabbage after Plutella xylostella. As there are frequent chemical spray operations against the pest and due to environmental and public health hazards, an investigation was carried out to introduce a species of Trichogramma for future bio-control programs in cabbage. All experiments were carried out at 25± 0.5°C, 60± 10% RH and 16:8 L: D. Based on field observations and greenhouse rearing of P. rapae, it was revealed that egg incubation took 5-7 days. Five larval instars development enlonged 20-30 days and pupal stage period was about 6-9 days. Longevity of male and female butterflies was 7 and 10 days, respectively.Preliminary results demonstrated that immature stage development took 10.43±0.15 and 10.07±0.11 days and 10.48±0.099 and 10.17±0.093 days for female and male individuals of T. brassicae and T. evanescens, respectively. Moreover, female and male longevity was 2.03±0.20 and 1.40±0.24 days and 1.68±0.16 and 1.85±0.40 days for both species, respectively. Further analysis showed that gross and net fecundity and fertility for T. brassicae and T. evanescens were 51.92 and 39.46 eggs/ female and 83.04 and 77.19 eggs/female, respectively. Similarly, mean age net fecundity and fertility in the same order species were 0.36 and 0.39 days and 0.162 and 0.162 days, respectively. Data analysis on reproductive attributes revealed thegross and net reproductive rates for T. brassicae and T. evanescens on eggs of P. rapae obtained as 22.77 female egg/female and 12.95 female progeny/female and 66.14 female egg/female and 29.32 female progeny/female, respectively. Similarly, intrinsic (rm) and finite (l) rates of increase were calculated as 0.238 (day-1) and 1.269 female progeny/day and 0.305 (day -1) and 1.357 female progeny/day for T. brassicae and T. evanescens, respectively. Doubling times were 2.90 and 2.265 days and generation times were calculated as 10.74 and 11.04 days for the same species, respectively. Also results proved that in both parasitoids immature stages accounted for about 98 percent and adults for 2% of the population in the age distribution of the stable population. For final conclusion, it could be said that almost all T. evanescens life history parameters on eggs of P. rapae were superior compared to those of T. brassicae. Therefore, it would be a potential candidate for future bio-control programs for small cabbage butterfly. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| small cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae, Trichogramma brassicae, T. evanescens, cabbage, biological control | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Afshar, J., 1938. Pests of summer crops, vegetables, industrial plants, and pastures in Iran and their control. General Office of Agriculture, Tehran. 124 pp. Amir Maafi., M. & chi, H. 2006. Demography of Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on two pyralid hosts (Lipidoptera: pyralidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 99: 84-90. Anonymous, 1972. Compendium colour plate and biological data of plant pest. Bayer chemical Company. 236 pp. Aswan, M.S., Wilson, L.T. & Hoffmann, M.P. 1989. Comparative biology of three geographic populations of Trissolcus basalis (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Environmental Entomology,19: 387-392. Attaran, M.R., Shojaie, M. & Ebrahimi, E. 2000. Effects of host and feeding on the longevity and the number of egg laid by Trichogramma brassicae Bezd. (Hym., Trichogrammatidae). Proceeding of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection congress, Ist Vol., p 203. Balachowsky, A. & Mesnil, L. 1936. Les insectes nuisibles aux plantes cultivées, leurs mœurs, leur destruction. T. II, vol. III, Etablissement Busson, Paris, pp. 1141-1921. Carey, J.R. 1993. Applied Demography for Biologists, with Special Emphasis on Insects. Oxford University press, U.K.211 p. Chassain, C., Fouillet, P. & Boulterau, M. 1988. Variability in foraging behavior in Trichogramma females: genetic bases and comparison of local population. Collogues de l'INRA, 48: 51-53. Chittenden, J.A. 1962. Morphology and biology of the white Butterfly Pireis rapae (Lep.: pieridae) USDA/ARS. 45: 511-516. Consoli, F.I. & Parra, R.P. 1997. Development of an oligidic diet for in vitro rearing of Trichogramma galloizucchi and Trichogramma pretiosum Riley. Biocontrol, 8: 172-176. Davatchi, A. 1949. Important pests of agricultural crops and their control methods. Bureau of Agricultural Chemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, 20 pp (in farsi). Fathipour, Y. & Dadpour Moghanloo, H. 2003.Comparative biology of Trichogramma pintoi Voegele wasps reared on two of laboratory hosts. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,34: 881-888. Feltwell, J. 1982. Large white butterfly: The biology biochemistry and physiology of Pieris brassicae (L.). Dr. W. Jank, The Hague, the Netherlands. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, 535 pp. Ferguson, A.M. 1989. Pieris rapae (L.), small white butterfly (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). In: Cameron P.J., Hill R.L., Bain, J. & Thomas, W.P. (eds.) A review of biological control of invertebrate pests and weeds in New Zealand, 1874 to 1987. Oxon, UK, CAB International. pp. 129–134. Forster, R. & Hommes, M. 1991. Supervised Control of Lepidopterous pest in white cabbage. Messewey 11/12 3300, Braunschewig, Germany, pp 126-129. Gardiner, B.O.C. 1974. Pieris brassicae (L.). established in Chile, another palearctic pest crosses the Atlantic. Journal of The Lepidopterists' Society, 28: 269-277. Greenberg, S.M., Nordlund, D.A. & King, E.G. 1996. Mass production of Trichogramma spp.: Experiences in the former Soviet Union, China, The United States and Western Europe. Biocontrol News Information, 17: 51 N-60N. Hafezkhiabani, H. 1965. Identification and control of Pieris rapae. MSc Thesis, Tehran University, 49 pp. Haile, A.T. & Hassan, S. A. 1999. Life table parameters of two Kenyan locally occurring Trichogramma species. Institute for biological control, BBA. Available online at: http://WWW.bba.de/abstracts.html. Haghani, H. & Fathipour, Y. 2003.The effect of the type of laboratory host on the population growth parameters of Trichogramma embryophagum Hartig. Journal of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, 10: 117-124. Hasanshahi, Gh., Abbasipour, H., Askarianzadeh, A., Karimi, J., Dusti, Z., Jahan, F. & Esmaeili Vardajani, M. 2014. Seasonal population fluctuations of the cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae and diamond back Moth, Pluttella xylostella on different cauliflower varieties. Journal of Plant Protection, 28: 87-96. Hassan, S.A.1989. Selection of suitable Trichogramma strains to control the codling moth Cydia pomonella and the summer fruit Tortrix adoxophyes Oran. and Pandemis heparana (Lep.: Tortricidae). Entomophaga, 34: 19-27. Hoffmann, M.P., Ode, P.R., Walker, D.L., Gardiner, J.,Van, Nouhuys, S. & Shelton, A.M. 2001. Performance of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) reared on factitious host, including the target host Ostrinia nubilalis. Biological controlol, 21: 1-10. Iranipour, S., Farazmand, A., Saber, M. & Mashhdi Jafarloo, M. 2009. Demography and life history of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma brassicae, on two moths Anagasta Kuehniella and Plodia interpunctella in the laboratory. Journal of Insect Science, 9: 1-8. Iranipour, S., Vaez, N., Ghanbalani, G.N., Zakaria, R.A. & Jafarloo, M.M. 2010. Effect of host change on demographic fitness of the parasitoid. Trichogramma brassicae. Journal of Insect Science,10: 1-12. Jones, R.E., 1987. Reproductive strategies for the seasonal tropics. Insect Science and its Application, 8: 515–521. Karimian, Z. & Sahragard, A. 2000. Investigation on biology of Trichogramma brassicae, the egg parasitoid of major insect pest of rice in Guilan province. Proceeding of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Ist Vol. p 22. Knutson, A. 1998. Trichogramma Manual. Texas Agricultural Extension Service: Produced by Agricultural Communications, The Texas A&M University System College Station (TX): Texas Agriculture Extension Service. Kono, Y. 1968. Rearing Pieris rapae crucivora Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) on artificial diets. Journal of Applied Entomology, 3: 66-68. Lashgari, A.A., Talebi, A.A., Fathipour, Y. & Farahani, S. 2010. Study on demographic parameters of Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) on three host species in laboratory conditions. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 2: 46-60. Li, L.Y. 1994. Worldwide use of Trichogramma for biological control on different crops: A survey. In: Wajnberg, E. & Hassan, S.A. (eds.) Biological control with egg parasitoids, C.A.B. International. pp: 370-530. Metcalf, C.L. & Flint, W. P.1962. Destructive and Useful Insects. 3rd. Ed. pp 662-664. Muggeridge, M.D. 1942. Biology and behavioural evaluation in the Cabbage butterfly (Pieris rapae). Appl. Entomol. Zool, 23: 248-251. Özder, N. & Kara, G. 2010. Comparative biology and life tables of Trichogramma cacociae, T. brassicae and T.evanescens (Hymenoptera: Trichogtammatidae) with Ephestia kuehniella and Cadra cautella (Lepidoptera: pyralidae) as hosts at three constant temperatures. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 20: 245-255. Richards, O.W. 1940. The biology of the small white butterfly (Pieris rapae), with special reference to the factors controlling its abundance.J. Anim Ecol, 9: 243-288. Rivnay, E. 1962. Field crop pest in the Near East. Den Heag, 450 pp. Sata, Y. 1974. Rearing pieris rapae crucivora on artificial diets. Kontyo, 42: 467-472. Schöller, M. & Hassan, S.A. 2001. Comparative biology and life tables of Trichogramma evanescens and T. cacoeciae with Ephestia elutella as host at four constant temperatures. Entomol. Exp. et Appl, 98: 35-40. Seraj, A.A. 2001. Biological studies and efficiency evaluation of Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) against corn stem borers, Sesamia spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Agril. Sci. Tech, 15: 97-103. Shelton, A.M., Robertson, L., Tank, D., Perez, C., Eigenbrode, S.D. Preisler, H.K, Wilsey, V.T. & Cooley. R.J. 1993. Resistance of diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to Bacilllls thuringiensis subspecies in the field. J. Econ. Entomol, 86: 697-705. Shirazi, J. 2004. Effects of factitious host Corcyra cephalonica (St.) and natural host Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) eggs on some important biological characters of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Proceeding of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. p 14. Shirazi, J., Attaran, M.R., Rezapanah, M. & Farrokhi, Sh. 2006. Quality control evaluation of mass reared Trichogramma wasps in private insectaria of Guilan and Mazandaran provinces, Iran. Proceeding of the 17th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, p.18. Smith, S.M., 1996. Biological control with Trichogramma: advances, successes, and potential of their use. Ann. Rev. Entomol, 41: 375-406 Sun, C.N., Wu, T.K., Chen, J.S. & Lee, W.T. 1986. Insecticide resistance in diamondback moth, In: Talekar, N.S., & Griggs, T.D. (eds.) Diamondback Moth Management: Proc. 1st Intern. Workshop, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center, Shanhua, Taiwan, pp. 359-371. Talker, N.S. & Shelton, M. 1993. Biology, ecology and management of diamond back mouth . Ann. Rev. Entomol, 38: 275-301. Theunissen, J. & Den Ouden, H. 1985. Tolerance Levels for supervised control of insect pests in Brussels sportus cabbage. Zangew. 100: 84-87. Traynier, R.M.M. 1984. Associative learning in the ovipositional behavior of the cabbage butterfly Pieris rapae. Physiol. Entomol., 9:465-72. Traynier, R.M.M. 1986. Visual learning in assays of sinigrin solution as an oviposition releaser for the cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae. Entomol. Exp. Appl, 40:25-33 Uzun, S. 1994. Investigations on the relationships of parasite – host between Trichogramma brassicae Bezd. (Hymenoptera : Trichogrammatidae) and the eggs of the Mediterranean flour moth Ephestia kuehniella Zell. under different temperatures and storing periods. Biyologiik Mucadele kongresi, 3: 25-28. Webb, S.E. & Shelton, A.M. 1988. Laboratory rearing of the imported cabbage worm. NY Food life Sci. Bul., 122: 1-6. Yazdani Khorasgani, A., Hosseini Bai, Sh., Hadad Irani Nezhad, K. & Mashhadi Jafarloo, M. 2006. An investigation on some biological traits of Trichogramma brassicae Bezd. on the eggs of Angoumois grain moth Sitotroga cerealella Oliv. J. Agril. Sci., 12: 271-283. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 878 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 770 |
||