| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,046 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,069 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 46,487,424 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 77,550,323 |
تغییر فلور علف‌های‌هرز مزارع گندم آبی کرمانشاه پس از یک دهه | ||
| دانش علف‌های هرز ایران | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 10، شماره 1، خرداد 1393، صفحه 1-21 اصل مقاله (703.53 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مژگان ویسی1؛ حمید رحیمیان مشهدی2؛ حسن علیزاده2؛ مهدی مین باشی3؛ مصطفی اویسی2 | ||
| 1مرکز تحقیقات کرمانشاه | ||
| 2دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 3موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مطالعه‌ای جهت ارزیابی تغییرات فلور جوامع علف‌های‌هرز مزارع گندم آبی استان کرمانشاه، در سال‌های 1381 و 1391 صورت گرفت. 85 مزرعه در 11 شهرستان ارزیابی شد. در سال 1391، فراوانی، تراکم و شاخص غالبیت گونه‌ها، محاسبه شد و سپس با شاخص‌های سال 1381 مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. نتایج در سال 1391 نشان داد، در مزارع گندم آبی استان کرمانشاه 112 گونه علف‌هرز وجود دارد که از این میان 18 گونه باریک برگ و 94 گونه پهن برگ می‌باشند.گونه‌های پیچک صحرایی (Convolvulus arvensis)، یولاف وحشی زمستانه (Avena ludoviciana)، خردل وحشی (Sinapis arvensis) و جودره (Hordeum spontaneum) بیشترین شاخص غالبیت را در سال 1381 داشتند. این گونه‌ها در سال 1391 نه تنها غالب بودند بلکه به ترتیب 3/128، 14/29، 46/51، 31/36 درصد نسبت به سال 1381 افزایش در شاخص غالبیت نشان دادند. در حالی که گونه‌های بی تی راخ (Galium tricornutum)، شیرین بیان (Glycyrrhiza glabra) و دانه قناری مدیترانه‌ای (Phalaris brachytsachys) به ترتیب 45/10، 27/52 و 16/27 درصد نسبت به سال 1381 کاهش در شاخص غالبیت را نشان دادند. در سال 1391 نسبت به ده سال پیش، 44 گونه علف‌هرز جدید درکوادرات‌های درون مزرعه شناسایی شد که در سال 1381 مشاهده نشده بودند. علاوه برآن در خارج از کوادرات و حاشیه داخلی مزرعه 48 گونه علف‌هرز جدید شناسایی گردید. تنوع شانون بین سال‌های 1381 و 1391 در شهرستان‌های کرمانشاه و کنگاور تفاوت معنی دار آماری داشت. شاخص غالبیت سیمپسون در سال 1391 حاکی از افزایش یکنواختی گونه‌ای در شهرستان کرمانشاه بود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تغییر فلور علف‌هرز؛ مزارع گندم؛ تنوع شانون؛ شاخص غالبیت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Weed Flora Change in Irrigated Wheat Fields of Kermanshah after a Decade | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| mozhghan vaisi1؛ Hamid Rahimian2؛ Hassan Alizadeh2؛ mehdi meanbashi3؛ mostafa oviesi2 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| A survey was carried out in irrigated wheat fields to assess the flora changes in the weed communities structures and flora change in Kermanshah province in 2002 and 2012. 85 fields from 11 counties were evaluated. Some population indices such as plant species frequency, density and species dominance were calculated for 2012 and were compared to the values for 2002. Results showed that in 2012, 112 weed species were distributed throughout wheat fields consisting of 18 grass weed species and 94 broadleaves. Convolvulus arvensis, Avena ludoviciana, Sinapis arvensis and Hordeum spontaneum were dominant weed species in 2002. In 2012, the respective species not only were found dominant but also showed 128.3, 29.14, 51.46 and 36.31 percent increase in dominance index, respectively. In contrast, the weed species Galium tricornutum, Glycyrrhizia glabra, and Phalaris brachystachys, respectively showed 10.45, 52.27, and 27.16 percent decrease in dominance index compared to values calculated for 2002. Forty four new weed species were identified in 2012 that were not observed in 2002. In addition, our observations from the areas out of random quadrates sampling resulted in identifying forty eight new weed species. Shannon diversity index showed no difference from 2002 to 2012 for Kermanshah and Kangavar. Simpson dominance index indicated an increase in weed species evenness in Kermanshah county in 2012. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Weed flora shift, Wheat fields, shannon diversity, Abundance Index | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Anonymous, 2013a. Agricultural of Statistic Database. Vol 1, Agriculture crop and orchard products ( 2010-2011). Ministry of Agriculture, Department of planning and economic affairs, office of statistics and information technology. Available at http://www.maj.ir/portal. Accessed: April 20, 2013. (In Persian with English summary) Anonymous, 2013b. Agricultural of Statistic Database. Vol 2, Agriculture products (2011). Ministry of Agriculture, Department of planning and economic affairs, office of statistics and information technology. Available at http://www.maj.ir/portal. Accessed: April 20, 2013. (In Persian with English summary) Aghabeigi, F., Termeh, F. and Amiri, N. 2005. An introduction to weed seedling and their identification key in the noerthern farms of Iran. 197 Pp. (In Persian with English summary). Anderson, R. L., Stymiest, C. E., Swan, B. A. and Rickertsen, J. R. 2007. Weed community response to crop rotations in western South Dakota .Weed Technol. 21: 131-135. Ayeneband, A. 2005. Crop rotation. Jahad Daneshgahi Mashhad, Publication. Pp 195-220. Bourdot, G. W., Hurrell, G. A. and Saville, D. J. 1998. Weed flora of cereal crops in Canterbury, New Zealand. New Zealand J. of Crop and Hortic. Sci. 26: 233-247. Booth, B. D., Murphy, S. D., and Swanton, C. J. 2003. Weed ecology in natural and agricultural systems. CABI Publishing. 303 Pp. Dale, M. R. T., Thomas, A. G. and John, E. A. 1992. Environmental factors including management practices as correlates of weed community composition in spring seeded crops. Canadian J. of Botany. 70: 1931-1939. Doucet, C. S., Weaver, E., Hamill, A. S. and Zhang, J. 1999. Separating the effects of crop rotation from weed management on weed density and diversity. Weed Sci. 47: 729-735. Dutoit, T., Gerbaud, E., Buisson, E. and Roche, P. 2003. Dynamics of a weed community in a cereal field created after ploughing a seminatural meadow: Roles of the permanent seed bank. Ecosci. 10: 225-235. Eiszner, H., Salazar, D. and Pohlan, J. 1996. The effect of crop rotation and weed control on the weed seed bank in the soil. Tropenlandwirt. 97: 63-73. Gherekhloo, J. and Zand, E. 2009. A short review on conducted herbicide- resistance researches in Iran. Key papers of 11th Iranian crop Production & Breeding Congress, Tehran, 110-125. (In Persian with English summary). Gianoli, E. 2004. Plasticity of traits and correlations in two populations of convolulus arvensis (convolvulaceae) differing in environmental heterogeneity. 2004. Int. J. of Plant Sci. 165: 825-832. Gutterman, Y., Corbineau, F. and Come, D. 1996. Dormancy of Hordeum spontaneum on the Negev Deseret Highlands. J. of Arid Environ. 33: 337-345. Hald, A. B. 1999.The impact of changing the season in which cereals are sown on the diversity of the weed flora in rotational fields in Denmark. J. of Appl. Ecol. 36: 24-32. Hamidi, R. 2012. The invasive status of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum Koch.) in Iranian flora. (Review) J. Ecol. Nat. Environ. 4(4): 94-97. Hamidi, R., Mazaheri, D. and Rahimian, H. 2011 Wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum Koch.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth responses to nitrogen and population densities in a replacement series study. Can. J. Scient. Indust. Res. 2: 251-267. Harivandy. M. R., Latifi, N., Zeinali Feizabadi, E. A. and Shojaii, K. 2005. A study of the effect of rye population on reproductive characteristics and grain yield in wheat. Iranian, J. Agric. Sci. 36: 87-97. (In Persian with English summary). Hume, L. 1987. Long-term effects of 2,4-D application on weed community in wheat crop. Canadian J. of Botany. 65: 2530- 2536. Jamali, M. and Baghestani, M. A. 2008. Effect of chemical herbicides on wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch.) control in wheat fields of Fars province. Proceedings of the 8th Iranian Plant Protect. Cong. 25-28 August. 2008. 98 Pp. ( In Persian with English summary). Jamali, M. and Jokar, L. 2010. Effect of crop rotation on wild barely (Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch.) control in wheat fields of Fars province. J. of Plant Protec. 24: 99-107. (In Persian). Lemerle, D., Gill, G. S., Murphy, C. E., Walker, S. R., Cousens, R., Mokhtari, D. S., Peltzer, S., Coleman, R. and Luckett, D. J. 2001. Genetic improvement and agronomy for enhanced wheat competitiveness with weeds. Australian J. of Agric. Res. 52: 527– 548. Mahmoudi, J. 2007. The study of species diversity in plant ecological groups in kelarabad protected forest. Iranian J. of Bio. 20: 353-362 Marshall, M.W., Al-Khatib, K. and Maddux, L. 2000. Weed community shifts associated with continuous glyphosate applications in corn and soybean rotation. Proc. Western Soc. Weed Sci.53: 22–25. McCully, K. V., Sampson, M. G. and Watson, A. K. 1991. Weed survey of Nova Scotia, Lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifoliumm) fields.Weed Sci. 39: 180-185 Mesdaghi, M. 2005. Plant ecology. Mashhad university publication. 187 Pp. Minbashi Moeini, M., Baghestani, M. A. and Rahimian, H. 2008. Introducing abundance index for assessing weed flora in survey studies. Weed Biol. & Manage. 8: 172–180. Paseban Zyarat, N., Rahimian Mashhadi, H., Alizade, H., and Minbashi Moeini, M. 2013. Study on weed flora change of irrigated wheat fields of Shirvan county in past decade. The proceedings of 5th Iranian weed Sci. cong. Karaj. Iran. 442-445. (In Persian with English summary). Pysek, P. and Leps, J. 1991. Response of a weed community to nitrogen fertilization : a multivariate analysis. J. of Vege. Sci. 2: 237-44. Rechinger, K. H. 1963-2007. Flora Iranica.Akademische Durck-u.Verlagsanstalt Graz-Austria. V: 1-170. Rozzi, R., Molina, J. D. and Miranda, P. 1989. Microclima y períodos de floración en laderas de exposición ecuatorial y polar en los Andes de Chile Central. Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. 62: 75–84. (In Chilean with English summary). Shannon, C. E. and Weaner, W. 1963. The Mathematical Theory of Communication.Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. Pp. 31–35. Tamado, T. and Milberg, P. 2000. Weed flora in arable fields of eastern Ethiopia with emphasis on the occurrence of Parthenium hysterophorus. Weed Res. 40: 507-521. Thomas, A. G. 1985.Weed survey system used in Saskatchewan for cereal and oilseed crops. Weed Sci. 33: 34–43. Thomas, A. G. 1991. Floristic composition and relative abundance of weeds in annual crops of Manitoba. Can. J. of Plant Sci. 71: 831-839 Thomas, A. G., Douglas, J. D. and McCully K. V. 1994. Weed survey of spring cereals in New Brunswick. Phytoprotection. 75: 113–124. Uddin, K.M., Juraimi, A. S., Begum, M., Ismail, M. R., Rahim A. A. and Othman, R. 2009. Floristic composition of weed community in turf grass area of west peninsular Malaysia. Int.J. Agric. Biol. 11: 13–20 Veisi, M., Minbashi, M. and Sabeti, P. 2012. Weed community structure, species diversity and weed mapping in irrigated wheat fields of Kermanshah Province. Iranian J. of Weed Res. 4: 77-96. (In Persian with English summary). Wilson, B. J., Cussans, G. W. 1975. A study of the population dynamics of Avena fatua L. as influenced by straw burning, seed shedding and cultivations. Weed Res. 15: 249-258. Zand, A., Baghestani, M. A. and Mighani, F. 2008. Sustainable weed management . Printed in New cultivation (Koocheki, A and Khaje Hossieni, M). Jahad Daneshgahi Mashhad, publications. 125 Pp.. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,714 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,222 |
||