Related Links
Effects of alfalfa hay and sodium bicarbonate in the starter diet on performance of Holstein dairy calves | ||
| علوم دامی | ||
| Article 21, Volume 30, Issue 114, June 2017, Pages 247-256 PDF (1.76 M) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.22092/asj.2017.111326 | ||
| Authors | ||
| A. D. Foroozandeh* ; Pirouz Shakeri | ||
| Abstract | ||
| This trial was performed to determine the effects of alfalfa hay, sodium bicarbonate and their combination in the starter diet on performance, blood metabolites, digestibility of nutrients, fecal score and body structure in Holstein dairy calves. Individually housed calves (n=40, body weight=42.6±2.2 kg), 10 days after birth, were used in a completely randomized design (n=10 calves per treatment: 5 males and 5 females) and fed by one of the following four treatments: 1-Starter concentrate(Control), 2-Starter concentrate+15% alfalfa hay(SA) 3-Starter concentrate+1% sodium bicarbonate(SS) and 4-Starter concentrate+15% alfalfa hay+1% sodium bicarbonate (SAS) for 60 days. The calves had ad-libitum access to water and experimental starter diets and received 4 kg/d milk in the whole experimental period. The results showed that the calves used SAS diets had lowest final body weight (p<0.05) and average daily gain (P<0.02) than those fed other diets, while the dry matter intake was not affected by different diets. The calves fed SA diet had the lowest (p<0.05) feed efficiency and was lower than those fed SAS diet (p<0.05). The fecal score, blood metabolites and body structure were not affected by different diets. Calves fed SA diet had lower (P=0.02) digestibility of DM compared with those fed control diet, while the digestibility of OM, CP and NDF did not differ across treatments. In conclusion, the use of alfalfa hay up to 15% in starter diet can improve feed efficiency, but supplementation of starter diet with 1% sodium bicarbonate had no beneficial effect on growth performance of dairy calves. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| "Blood metabolites"; "dairy calves"; "digestibility"; "sodium bicarbonate"; "BUN" | ||
| References | ||
|
Calsamiglia, S., Blanch, M., Ferret, A. and Moya, D. (2011). Is subacute ruminal acidosis a pH related problem? Causes and toolsfor its control. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 172: 42-50. Castells, L., Bach, A., Araujo, G., Montoro, C. and Terré. M. (2012). Effect of different forage sources on performance and feeding behavior of Holstein calves. Journal of Dairy Science. 95: 286-293. Coverdale, J.A., Tyler, H.D., Quigley, J.D. and Brumm, J.A. (2004). Effect of various levels of forage and form of diet on rumen development and growth in calves. Journal of Dairy Science. 87: 2554-2562. Daneshvar, D., Khorvash, M., Ghasemi, E., Mahdavi, A.H., Moshiri, B., Mirzaei, M., Pezeshki, A. and Ghaffari, M.H. (2015).The effect of restricted milk feeding through conventional or step-down methods with or without forage provision in starter feed on performance of Holstein bull calves. Journal of Animal Science. 93: 3979-3989.
Drackley, J.K. (2008). Calf nutrition from birth to breeding. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice. 24: 55-86.
EbnAli, A., Khorvash, M., Ghorbani, G.R., Mahdavi, A.H., Malekkhahi, M., Mirzaei, M., Pezeshki, A. and Ghaffari, M.H. (2016). Effects of forage offering method on performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and nutritional behavior in Holstein dairy calves. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. (DOI: 10.111/jpn.12442).
Ghosh, S., Mehla, R.K., Sirohi, S.K. and Tomar, S.K. (2011). Performance of crossbred calves with dietary supplementation of garlic extract. Animal phisiology and Animal Nutrition. 95: 449-455.
Hill, T.M., Bateman, H.G., Aldrich, J.M. and Schlotterbeck, R. L. (2008). Effects of the Amount of Chopped Hay or Cottonseed Hulls in a Textured Calf Starter on Young Calf Performance. Journal of Dairy Science. 91: 2684-2693.
Hill, T.M., Bateman, H.G., Aldrich, J.M. and Schlotterbeck, R. L. (2009). Roughage for Diets Fed to Weaned Dairy Calves. The Professional Animal Scientist. 25: 283-288.
Hill, T.M., Bateman, H.G., Aldrich, J.M. and Schlotterbeck, R.L. (2010). Roughage amount, source, and processing for diets fed to weaned dairy calves. The Professional Animal Scientist. 26: 181-187.
Jahani-Moghadam, M., Mahjoubi, E., Yazdi H.M., Cardoso, F.C. and Drackley, J.K. (2015). Effects of alfalfa hay and its physical form (chopped versus pelleted) on performance of Holstein calves. Journal of Dairy Science. 98: 4055-4061.
Khan, M.A., Lee, H.J., Lee, W.S., Kim, H.S., Ki, K.S., Hur, T.Y., Suh, G.H., Kang, S.J. and Choi, Y.J. (2007). Structural growth, rumen development, and metabolic and immune responses of Holstein male calves fed milk through step-down and conventional methods. Journal of Dairy Science. 90:3376-3387.
Khan, M.A., Weary, D.M., and von Keyserlingk, M.A.G. (2011). Hay intake improves performance and rumen development of calves fed higher quantities of milk. Journal of Dairy Science. 94: 3547-3553.
Lesmeister, K.E. and Heinrichs, A.J. (2004). Effects of corn processing on growth characteristics, rumen development, and rumen parameters in neonatal dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science. 87: 3439-3450.
Mirzaei, M., Khorvash, M., Ghorbani, G.R., Kazemi-Bonchenari, M., Riasi, A., Nabipour, A. and van den Borne, J.J.G.C. (2015). Effects of supplementation level and particle size of alfalfa hay on growth characteristics and rumen development in dairy calves. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 99: 553-564.
Phillips, C.J.C. (2004). The effects of forage provision and group size on the behavior of calves. Journal of Dairy Science. 87: 1380-1388.
Porter, J.C., Warner, R.G. and Kertz, A.F. (2007). Effect of fiber level and physical form of starter on growth and development of dairy calves fed no forage. The Professional Animal Scientist. 23: 395-400.
Russell, J.B. and Chow, J.M. (1993). Another theory for the action of ruminal buffer salts. Decreased starch fermentation and propionate production. Journal of Dairy Science. 76: 826-830.
SAS, 2003. SAS User’s Guide Statistics. Version 9.1 Edition. SAS Inst., Cary, NC.
Soberon, F., Raffrenato, E., Everett, R.W. and Van Amburgh, M.E. (2012). Preweaning milk replacer intake and effects on long-term productivity of dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science. 95:783-793.
Steven, P., Hart, A. and Carl, E. (1984). Effect of sodium bicarbonate and disodium phosphate on animal performance, ruminal metabolism and digestion, in calves. Journal of Dairy science. 67: 10-20.
Terré, M., Pedrals, E., Dalmau, A. and Bach, A. (2013). What do preweaned and weaned calves need in the diet: A high fiber content or a forage source?. Journal of Dairy Science. 96: 5217-5225.
Van Keulen, J., and Young, B.A. (1977). Evaluation of acid-insoluble ash as a natural marker in ruminant digestibility studies. Journal of Animal Science. 44: 282-287.
Warner, R.G. 1991. Nutritional factors affecting the development of a functional ruminant-A historical perspective. PP. 1–12. In: Cornell Nutrition Conference Committee, Ithaca, NY.
Williams, P.E.V., Innes, G.M., Brewer, A. and Magadi, J.P. (1985). The effects of growth, food intake and rumen volume of including untreated or ammonia-treated barley straw in a complete diet for weaning calves. Journal of Animal Production. 41: 63-74.
Zitnan, R., Voigt, J., Schönhausen, U., Wegner, J., Kokardova, M., Hagemeister, H., Levkut, M., Kuhla, S. and Sommer, A. (1998). Influence of dietary concentrate to forage ratio on the development of rumen mucosa in calves. Archives of Animal Nutrition. 51: 279-291. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 943 PDF Download: 653 |
||
Journal management system. designed by sinaweb