Azari, A. (2001). Determination of optimum planting pattern for safflower, variety kooseh, at early and late planting dates in Isfahan. m.sc Thesis.depatment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding. Isfahan University of Technology. Isfahan ,Iran.
Alimohammadi, M. Valadabady, S.A.R. Daneshian, J. and Aref, B. (2009). Effect of nitrogen and plant density on seed yield of castor plant. New Journal of Sustainable Agriculture. Vol, 6( 21): 15-19.
Bavec, F. and Bavec, M. (2002). Effects of plant population on leaf area index, cob characteristics and grain yield of early maturing maize cultivars (FAO 100-400). European of Agronomy, Vol, 16, No, 2. pp: 151-159.
Bilgili, U. Sincik, M. Uzan, A. and Acikgoz, E. (2003). The influence of row spacing seeding rate on seed yield and yield components of forage tarnip. J. of Agron and Crop Sci. Vol,189, No,4. pp:250-254 .
Board, J.E. and Harville, B.G. (1996). Growth dynamics during the vegetative period effects yield of narrow – row late planted soybean. Agron .J. Vol,8, pp: 567-572.
Board, J.E. Kamal, M. and Harville, B.G. (1992). Temporal importance of greter light interception to increased yield in narrow-row soybean. Agron. J. Vol, 84, pp: 572-575.
Danesh-Shahraki, A. Kashani, A. Mesgarbashi, M. Banipour, M. and Kohi-Dehkordi, M. (2008). Effect of density and the time of nitrogen consumptionon on some agronomic traits of canola. Journal of Agronomy and Horticulture Karaj. No, 79.
Fathi, GH. Nabi-Saidi, A. Siadat, SA. and Ebrahimpour-Noorabadi, F. (2002). Effect of different levels of plant density on seed yield of canola in 7045 PF variety in climate of Khuzestan. Journal of Agricultural Science. Vol, 25, No, 1. pp: 43-58.
Firoze, F. Shirani-Rad, A.M. Rezayi, A. Naderi, M.R. and Nabi-Taba, S.A.R. (2005). Effect of planting density on yield and yield components in spring safflower in Esfahan. Journal of Agronomic Sciences. Vol, 8, No, 3. pp: 267-259.
Hoag, B. Zubriski and Geiszer, G.N. (1968). Effect of fertilizer treatment and row spacing on yield, quality and physiologica response of safflower. Agron. J. Vol, 60 pp: 198 –200.
Jahannavard, SH. Tajbakhsh, M. and Bernousi, A. (2009). Effect of planting date and plant density on content of oil and protein yield of castor. Articles Collections of National Conference of oilseed crops, Isfahan Un. pp: 359 - 361.
Laureti, D. and Marras, G. (1995). Irrigation of castor ( Ricinus communis l . ) in Italy. Agronomy journal. Vol, 4 pp: 229 – 235.
Maddoni, G.A. Otegui, M.E. and Cirilo, A.G. (2001). Plant population density, row spacing and hybrid effects on maize canopy architecture and light attenuation. Field Crops Res. Vol, 71 pp: 183-193.
Meekins, J.F. and McCarthy, B.C. 2002. Effect of population density on the demography of an invasive plant (Alliaria Petiolata, Brassicaceae) population in a southeastern Ohio forest. American Midland Naturalist 147:256–278.
Martins, V.F., Haddad B. and Semir, J. (2011). Responses of the invasive Ricinus communis seedlings to competition and light. New Zealand Journal of Botany 49:263–279.
Morrison, M.J. Mcvetty, P.B.E. MC. and Scarth, R. (1990). Effect of altering plant density on growth characteristics of summer rape. Can. J. Plant Sci. Vol, 70, pp: 139-149.
Naderi-Darbaghshahi, M.R. Nour-Mohammadi, GH. Majidi, A. Darvish, F. Shirani-Rad, A.KH. and Madani, H. (2004). Effects of drought stress and plant density on ECO physiological yield three lines of safflower in summer planting in Esfahan. Seed and Plant Journal, Vol, 2, No, 3. pp: 12-26.
Nenadic, N. and Slovic, S. (1994). Soybean yield and quality as influenced by crop density, sowing type and nitrogen fertilization. Rev. Res. Work. Facal. Agric. Belgrade. Vol, 39, pp: 87-95.
Ozel, A. Demibiek, T. Gur, M.A. and Copu, R.O. (2004). Effect of different sowing date and intrarow spacing on yield and some agronomic traits of safflower (Carthamas cinerarias L.) Under Harran plain's arid conditions. Turk .J. Agric Forest. Vol, 28, pp: 413-419.
Ozoni Daraji, A. Esfahani, M. Sami zadeh, H. and Rabiei, M. (2008). Effect of planting pattern and pland density on growth Indies and radiation use effieiency of apetalous flowers and petalled rapeseed (Brassica Napusl .) cultivars. Iran. J. Crop Sci. Vol, 9, No, 4. pp: 382-400.
Pourhadian, H. And Khajehpour, M.R. (2007). Effect of row spacing and plant density on growth indexes and yield of Safflower, Local variety of Isfahan, Kose. Science and Technology Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources, the eleventh year, No, 42. pp: 16-22.
Rezvani-Moghaddam, B. Nabati, J. Norozpour, GH. and Mohammad-Abadi, A. (2004). Evaluation of morphological characteristics, seed and oil yield of castor in plant densities and irrigation different distances. Journal of Agricultural Research. Vol, 2, No, 1. pp: 1-12.
Rafi-alHusseini, M. And Salehi, f. (2002). Effect of plant density on seed yield and agronomic characteristics of of three sunflower cultivars in Shahrkord. Articles abstracts of the seventh Conference of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Science, Karaj. pp: 22-29.
Rodrigues, H. C., Carvalho, S.P., Carvalho, A.A., Santos, C.E.M., Filho, J.L.C.. (2010). Genotypic, phenotypic and environmental correlations among castor bean variables. Ciênc. Agrotec. Vol.34, No.6, pp. 1390-1395.
Sarwar,G., Munir, H., and Hussain, J. 2010. Evaluation of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) mutants for gentic parameters and cluster analysis. Evaluation of castorbean mutants for genetic parameters. J. Agric. Res., 48(3): 289-302.
Soratto, R.P., Souza-Schlick, G.D., San Giacomo, B.M., Zanotto, M.D., Fernandes, A.M. (2011). Low-height castor bean row spacing and plant population for mechanical harvest. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 46 (3): 245-249.
Souza-Schlick, G. D.; Soratto, R. P.; Pasquali, C. B. and Fernandes, A. M. (2011). Castor bean IAC 2028 performance as affected by row spacing and plant population in out-of-season cropping . Bragantia, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 519-528.
Thompson, J.A. and fenton, I.G. (1977). Influence of plant population on yield and yield components of irrigated sunflower in southern new South Wales. Aust.J. Exp. Agric. 8A.H. Vol, 19, No, 100. pp: 570 – 574.
Tagdiri, b. Ahmadvand, G. And Mazaheri Lagab, H. (2006). Effect of plant spacing on yield and yield components of four sunflower cultivars. Journal of Research Agriculture, Water, Soil and Agriculture. Vol, 6, No, 1. pp: 35-26.
Vala, G. M.; Khanpara, V. D.; Kaneria, B. B.; Mathukia, R. K.( 2000). Performance
of castor Ricinus communis genotypes under various sowing times and row Journal Gujarat Agric. Un. Res. J., Vol. 26 No. 1 pp. 12-15
Zimmerman, L.H. (1997). The relationship of a dwarf-internode gene to several important agronomic characters in castor-beans. Agron. J. Vol, 49, pp: 251–254.
Zope, R.E. Parlekar, D.S. Ghorpade, D.S. and Tambe, S.I. (1992). Effect of different row spacing on the growth and yield of Safflower. Third Int. Safflower Conf. Bijing. China. pp: 34-39.