سبزیجات یکی از مهم‌ترین منابع ورود کادمیوم به زنجیره غذایی انسان هستند که میتواند تهدیدی جدی برای سلامت انسان باشد. بنابراین، به منظور بررسی اثرات کودهای آلی، شیمیایی و تلفیقی بر تجمع کادمیوم در گیاه خرفه، آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 3 تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای کودی شامل دو سطح کود گاوی (60 و 120 میلیگرم نیتروژن در کیلوگرم خاک)، دو سطح کود اوره (60 و 120 میلیگرم نیتروژن در کیلوگرم خاک)، سه سطح کود تلفیقی (60 + 30 ، ۴۵+۴۵، ۶۰+۳۰ میلیگرم نیتروژن از منبع کود گاوی و کود اوره)، تیمار شاهد (عدم مصرف کود) تحت دو سطح کادمیوم (عدم کاربرد کادمیوم و کاربرد 10 میلیگرم کادمیوم بر کیلوگرم خاک) مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد غلظت و تجمع کادمیوم در گیاه با افزایش نیتروژن خصوصاً از منبع کود گاوی کاهش یافت و تیمار 120 میلیگرم نیتروژن از منبع کود گاوی دارای کمترین میزان کادمیوم بود. با افزایش مصرف کودهای اوره، گاوی و تلفیقی، غلظت و جذب نیتروژن افزایش یافت. بیشترین عملکرد در تیمار 120 میلیگرم نیتروژن از منبع کود گاوی حاصل شد و عملکرد تیمار 120 میلیگرم نیتروژن از منبع اوره بدون اختلاف معنیدار با تیمار 90 میلیگرم نیتروژن از منبع تلفیقی (1:1) در رتبه بعدی قرار گرفت. به طورکلی نتیجهگیری میشود که استفاده از کود گاوی در تولید سبزیجات به دلیل جلوگیری از انتقال کادمیوم به بافت سبزیجات راهکار مؤثری برای حفاظت زنجیره غذایی از آلودگی به کادمیوم است.
Effects of Cattle Manure, Chemical Fertilizers, and Their Combination on Cadmium Accumulation and Growth of Purslane (Portulaca eoleracea)
نویسندگان [English]
S. Fallah1؛ F. Soltaninejhad2؛ M. R. Taddayon3
چکیده [English]
Vegetables are among the major sources of cadmium entering the human food chain, which can be a serious threat for human health. So, in order to evaluate effects of organic manure, chemical fertilizers, and their combination on cadmium accumulation and growth of purslane, a factorial experiment was conducted in completely randomized block design with three replications, in 2012. Fertilizer treatments included urea fertilizer (60 and 120 mg N kg-1 soil), cattle manure (60 and 120 mg N kg-1 soil) , combined fertilizer (60+30, 45+45, 30+65 mg N kg-1 soil as urea fertilizer and cattle manure), and the control (no N amended). These were evaluated undertwo cadmium levels (no cadmium and 10 mg kg-1soil). Results indicated that concentration and uptake of cadmium in plant, decreased with increasing N rate, especially of cattle manure, and the lowest cadmium concentration was observed in 120 mg kg-1 in the form of cattle manure. Increase in nitrogen application from any source increased concentration and uptake of nitrogen. The greatest yield was obtained in 120 mg N kg-1 as cattle manure. There was no significant difference between 120 and 90 mg N kg-1 in the form of urea and the combined (1:1) fertilizer. In general, it can be concluded that use of cattle manure in vegetables production prevents movement of soil cadmium into vegetables and it is an effective method for protecting food chain from Cadmium contamination.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Animal manure, Contamination, Healthy vegetable, Heavy metal
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