| تعداد نشریات | 285 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 83 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,092 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,510 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 49,327,347 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 79,793,083 |
بهینه سازی تولید انبوه زادمایه گونه های فوزاریوم در زمان کوتاه | ||
| آفات و بیماری های گیاهی | ||
| مقاله 17، دوره 84، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 103، اسفند 1395، صفحه 21-31 اصل مقاله (1.65 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: بیماریشناسی گیاهی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/jaep.2017.109009 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد مرادی* 1؛ هاینز ویلهلم دِهنِه2؛ ُالریکه اشتاینر2؛ اریک کریستین اُرکهِ2 | ||
| 1* گروه فن آوری و مدیریت تولید، پژوهشکده پسته، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رفسنجان- ایران؛ ** بخش بیماریهای گیاهی، موسسه علوم کشاورزی و حفاظت از منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه بن، آلمان | ||
| 2بخش بیماریهای گیاهی، موسسه علوم کشاورزی و حفاظت از منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه بن، آلمان | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در مقاله حاضر روشی بهبود یافته برای تولید کنیدیوم در تعدادی از گونه های فوزاریوم عامل بلایت خوشه گندم مورد بررسی و با روش رایج آن مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. در این روش، گونه هایی از Fusarium در محیط مایع سیبزمینی دکستروز (PDB) به مدت سه روز کشت و پس از آن بر روی محیطهای کشت آگاری به میزان مساوی در تشتکهای پتری پخش شدند. برای حذف آب اضافی، تشتکهای پتری به مدت 20 تا 30 دقیقه در هود لامینار خشک قرار داده شدند. پس از آن در دمای 25 درجه سلسیوس به مدت سه روز برای تولید اینوکولوم نگهداری شدند. برای سنجش توانایی اینوکلوم در ایجاد بیماری، خوشههای گندم در اواسط گلدهی مایهزنی و فراوانی آلودگی، شدت بیماری زایی و همچنین زیست توده قارچی مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. روش بهبود یافته باعث القاء تولید کنیدی در مقادیر زیاد در واحد سطح و تا 70 برابر بیشتر از روش رایج گردید. متوسط تعداد کنیدی تولید شده در گونههای فوزاریوم مورد استفاده در روش رایج و بهبود یافته به ترتیب از 8/0 تا 6/38 و 106* 156 تا 56 (در تشتک پتری) متغیر بود. تفاوتی از نظر مورفولوژی تولید کنیدی در هر دو روش مشاهده نگردید. از نظر آماری تفاوتی در میزان بیماری تولید شده ناشی از مایه تلقیح دو روش مشاهده نگردید ((P≤0.05. مشاهدات میکروسکوپی حاکی از نرخ بالای تولید کنیدی از فیالیدها روی میسلیومها بود. مطالعه حاضر باعث تسهیل تحقیقات روی جنبه های مختلف گونههای فوزاریوم زمانی که میزان زیادی مایه تلقیح مورد نیاز است میگردد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| کنیدی زایی؛ بلایت فوزاریومی خوشه گندم؛ اسپورزایی؛ کنیدی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Improved procedure for mass inoculum production of Fusarium species in a short period of time | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| M. MORADI1؛ Heinz-Wilhelm Dehne2؛ Ulrike Steiner2؛ Erich-Christian Oerke2 | ||
| 1Head of Technology and Crop Production Department- Pistachio Research Center | ||
| 2Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Plant Diseases and Plant Protection, University of Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| An improved method of conidia production is described and compared to a conventional method growing Fusarium species on LSPDA medium under near-ultraviolet (NUV) light for 21 days. In the improved procedure, Fusarium spp. were grown in PDB for three days and subsequently spread as aliquots onto LSPDA, SNPMA and WA media. To remove excess water, the cultures were dried in a laminar flow cabinet for 20 to 30 min. Air-dried plates were incubated under NUV light at 25 ºC for 3 days. To compare aggressiveness of conidia produced by either method, wheat ears were inoculated at the mid-flowering. Disease incidence (% infected kernels) and Fusarium head blight severity as well as fungal biomass produced in the infected kernels were determined. The improved method effectively triggered sporulation of Fusarium spp. and gave high yields of conidia per unit of area within two days of incubation on solid media which is significantly higher compared to spore quantities produced with the conventional method. The average number of conidia produced by Fusarium spp. using the improved and conventional methods ranged from 56 to 156 and 0.8 to 38.6×106 (per plate), respectively. Spore production quantity was highly variable with the conventional method using different Fusarium species. However, morphology of conidia was similar in both assays. The aggressiveness of Fusarium inocula produced by both methods was not significantly different with respect to the ability to cause FHB and to colonize wheat kernels (P≤0.05). Microscopy examination showed the high conidiation rate from phialides on hypha. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| sporulation, Fusarium head blight, conidiation, conidia, F. graminearum | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
ABILDGREN, M. P., F. LUND, U. THRANE and S. ELMHOLT, 1987. Czapek Dox agar containing iprodione and dicloran as a selective medium for the isolation of Fusarium species. Letters in Applied Microbiology, No. 5: 83-86.
AKINSANMI, O. A., V. MITTER, S. SIMPFENDORFER, D. BACKOUSE and S. CHAKRABORTY, 2004. Identity and pathogenicity of Fusarium spp. isolated from wheat fields in Queensland and northern New South Wales. Crop and Pasture Science, No. 55: 97-107.
BOTTALICO, A. and G. PERRONE, 2002. Toxigenic Fusarium species and mycotoxins associated with head blight in small-grain cereals in Europe. European Journal of Plant Pathology, No. 108: 611-624.
BRANDFASS, C. and P. KARLOVSKY, 2006. Simultaneous detection of Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum in plant material by duplex PCR with melting curve analysis. BMC Microbiology, No. 6, 1.
BRENNAN, J. M., B. FAGAN, A. VAN MAANEN, B. M. COOKE and F. M. DOOHAN, 2003. Studies on in vitro growth and pathogenicity of European Fusarium fungi. European Journal of Plant Pathology, No. 109: 577-587.
COOK, R. J. and A. A. CHRISTEN, 1976. Growth of cereal root-rot fungi as affected by temperature-water potential interactions. Phytopathology, No. 66: 193-197.
DESJARDINS, A. E. 2006. Fusariummycotoxins: chemistry, genetics, and biology. American Phytopathological Society (APS Press).
De VILLIERS, C. I. P. 2009. A comparison of screening techniques for Fusarium head blight of wheat in South Africa. MSc Thesis, University of Catharina Isabella.
ELLIOTT, A. C. 2014. Two sample and paired t-test PROC TTEST. 11: 08. Available: http://www.stattutorials. com/SAS/TUTORIAL-PROC-TTEST-2.htm
EVANS, C. K., W. XIE, R. DILL-MACKY and C. J. MIROCHA, 2000. Biosynthesis of deoxynivalenol in spikelets of barley inoculated with macroconidia of Fusarium graminearum. Plant Disease, No. 84: 654-660.
GALE, L. R., J. D. BRYANT, S. CALVO, H. GIESE, T. KATAN, K. O'DONNELL, H. SUGA, M. TAGA, T. R. USGAARD, T. J. WARD and H. C. KISTLER, 2005. Chromosome complement of the fungal plant pathogen Fusarium graminearum based on genetic and physical mapping and cytological observations. Genetics, No. 171(3): 985-1001.
GALE, L. R., L. F. CHEN, C. A. HERNICK, K. TAKAMURA, H. C. KISTLER, 2002. Population analysis of Fusarium graminearum from wheat fields in eastern China. Phytopathology, No. 92(12): 1315-22.
GÖRTZ, A. 2010. Impact of Fusarium ear rot on maize in Germany and strategies preventing mycotoxin contamination in maize kernels. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Bonn.
HANLIN, R. T. 1994. Microcycle conidiation- a review. Mycoscience, No.35: 113-123.
HÖRBERG, H. M. 2002. Patterns of splash dispersed conidia of Fusarium poae and Fusarium culmorum. European Journal of Plant Pathology, No. 108: 73-80.
JUNG, B., S. KIM and J. LEE, 2014. Microcyle conidiation in filamentous fungi. Mycobiology, No. 42: 1-5.
KØLMARK, H. G. 1984. Mutants with continuous microcycle conidiation in the filamentous fungus Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi. Molecular and General Genetics, No. 198: 12-18.
KÖHL, J., B. H. DE HAAS, P. KASTELEIN, S. L. G. E. BURGERS and C. WAALWIJK, 2007. Population dynamics of Fusarium spp. and Microdochium nivale in crops and crop residues of winter wheat. Phytopathology, No. 97: 971-978.
LAPAIRE, C. L. and L. D. DUNKLE, 2003. Microcycle conidiation in Cercospora zeae-maydis. Phytopathology, No. 93: 193-199.
LESLIE, J. F., B. A. SUMMERELL and S. BULLOCK, 2006. The Fusarium laboratory manual (Vol. 2, No. 10). Ames, IA, USA: Blackwell Pub.
LOGRIECO, A., A. BOTTALICO, G. MULÉ, A. MORETTI and G. PERRONE, 2003. Epidemiology of toxigenic fungi and their associated mycotoxins for some Mediterranean crops. European Journal of Plant Pathology, No. 109: 645-667.
LYSØE, E., M. PASQUALI, A. BREAKSPEAR and H. C. KISTLER, 2011. The transcription factor FgStuAp influences spore development, pathogenicity, and secondary metabolism in Fusarium graminearum. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, No. 24: 54-67.
MEIER, U. 1997. Growth stages of mono-and dicotyledonous plants. Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag.
MIEDANER, T., G. GANG and H. H. GEIGER, 1996. Quantitative-genetic basis of aggressiveness of 42 isolates of Fusarium culmorum for winter rye head blight. Plant Disease, No. 80: 500-504.
MORADI, M. 2008. Microbiological and molecular assessment of interactions among the major Fusarium head blight pathogens on wheat ears. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Bonn.
MORADI, M., E.C. OERKE, U. STEINER, D. TESFAYE, K. SCHELLANDER and H. W. DEHNE, 2010. Microbiological and Sybr® Green Real-Time PCR detection of major Fusarium Head Blight pathogens on wheat ears. Microbiology, No. 79: 646-654.
NIRENBERG, H. I. 1981. A simplified method for identifying Fusarium spp. occurring on wheat. Canadian Journal of Botany, No. 59:1599-1609.
PARRY, D. W., P. JENKINSON and L. MCLEOD, 1995. Fusarium ear blight (scab) in small grain cereals – a review. Plant Pathology, No. 44: 207-238.
PETTITT T. R., D. W. PARRY and W. POLLEY, R. 1996. Effect of temperature on the incidence of nodal foot rot symptoms in winter wheat crops in England and Wales caused by Fusarium culmorum and Microdochium nivale. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, No. 79: 233-242.
PREACHER, K. J. 2006. Calculation for the Chi-square test. An interactive calculation tool for chi-square tests of goodness of fit and independence. Ohio State University: 2014; 11: 08. Available: http://www.quantpsy.org/chisq/chisq.htm
REID, L. M., R. E. HAMILTON and D. E. MATHER, 1996. Screening maize for resistance to Gibberella ear rot. Ottawa: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada: Technical Bulletin, 62.
ROSSI, V., E. PATTORI, A. RAVANETTI and S. GIOSUÈ 2002. Effect of constant and fluctuating temperature regimes on sporulation of four fungi causing head blight of wheat. Journal of Plant Pathology 84, 95-105.
SEIFERT, A. K. 1996. FusKey: Fusarium Interactive Key. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 2016; 05: 08. Available: http://caab.ctu.edu.vn/gtrinh/- fuskey .pdf.
SEKIGUCHI, J., G. M. GAUCHER and J. W. COSTERTON, 1975. Microcycle conidiation in Penicillium urticae: an ultrastructural investigation of spherical spore growth. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, No. 21: 2048-2058.
SLADE, S. J., R. F. HARRIS, C. S. SMITH, J. H. ANDREWS and E. V. NORDHEIM, 1987. Microplate assay for Colletotrichum spore production. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, No. 53: 627-632.
SMITH, J. E., J. G. ANDERSON, S. G. DEANS and D. R. BERRY, 1981. Biochemistry of microcycle conidiation. In Biology of Conidial Fungi ed. Cole, G.T. and Kendrick, B. pp. 329-356, Academic Press, New York.
SON, H., M. G. KIM, K. MIN, Y. S. SEO, J. Y. LIM, G. J. CHOI, J. C. KIM, S. K. CHAE and Y. W. LEE, 2013. AbaA regulates conidiogenesis in the ascomycete fungus Fusarium graminearum. PLoS One, No. 8: p.e72915.
STEWART JR, C. N. and L. E. VIA, 1993. A rapid CTAB DNA isolation technique useful for RAPD fingerprinting and other PCR applications. Biotechniques14: 748-750.
WAALWIJK, C., R. VAN DER HEIDE, I. DE VRIES, T. VAN DER LEE, C. SCHOEN, G. COSTREL-DE CORAINVILLE, I. HÄUSER-HAHN, P. KASTELEIN, J. KÖHL, P. LONNET and T. DEMARQUET, 2004. Quantitative detection of Fusarium species in wheat using TaqMan. European Journal of Plant Pathology 110(5): 481–494.
ZHANG, H., T. VAN DER LEE, C. WAALWIJK, W. CHEN, J. XU, J. XU, Y. ZHANG and J. FENG, 2012. Population analysis of the Fusarium graminearum species complex from wheat in China show a shift to more aggressive isolates. PLoS One 20; 7(2):e31722. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,108 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,235 |
||