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بررسی تغییرات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی خیار آلوده به Pythium aphanidermatum و اثر سیلیکات کلسیم در کاهش صدمات ناشی از آن | ||
| آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 84، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 103، اسفند 1395، صفحه 213-226 اصل مقاله (2.35 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مدیریت آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/jaep.2017.108140 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| هدا چکنی1؛ ساسان محسن زاده2؛ رضا مستوفی زاده قلمفرسا* 3 | ||
| 1دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، بخش زیست‌شناسی دانشکده علوم دانشگاه شیراز | ||
| 2دانشیار، بخش زیست‌شناسی دانشکده علوم دانشگاه شیراز | ||
| 3استاد، بخش گیاه‌پزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز | ||
| چکیده | ||
| گونه‌ی Pythium aphanidermatum، از اُاُمیست‌های خاک‌بُرد و همه جازی است که روی گونه‌های مختلف خانواده‌ی کدوییان سبب پوسیدگی ریشه می‌شود. در این مطالعه، اثر این بیمارگر روی تغییرات فیزیولوژیک گیاه خیار و کاهش اثرات بیماری حاصل از آن با استفاده از کاربرد سیلیکات کلسیم با غلظت‌های 50، 100 و 150 میلیگرم در لیتر بررسی شد. جنبه‌های گوناگونی از فیزیولوژی و بیوشیمی گیاه مانند فتوسنتز، ساخت پروتئین و پاسخ آنتی‌اکسیدانی بررسی گردید. گیاهان در گلخانه در دو مرحله‌ی 36 روزگی (مرحله‌ی رویشی) و 71 روزگی (مرحله‌ی زایشی) جمع‌آوری شدند. میزان کلروفیل، کارتنوئید، پرولین، کربوهیدرات، پروتئین، پراکسیداسیون چربیها، آنتوسیانین و فعالیت کاتالاز اندازهگیری و دادهها واکاوی شدند. نتایج حاصل از این بررسی، کاهش مقادیر کلروفیل و کارتنوئید و افزایش میزان پرولین، کربوهیدرات، پروتئین، پراکسیداسیون چربیها، آنتوسیانین و فعالیت کاتالاز را بر اثر مایه‌زنی بیمارگر در مقایسه با شاهد نشان دادند. افزودن سیلیکات کلسیم 100 و 150 میلیگرم در لیتر به خاک گیاهان سالم موجب افزایش شاخص‌های فیزیولوژیکی مانند مقادیر پرولین، کربوهیدرات، پروتئین و آنتوسیانین نسبت به نمونه‌های شاهد شد. هم‌چنین، افزایش میزان کلروفیل و کارتنوئید و کاهش سایر عوامل اندازهگیری شده بر اثر تیمار گیاهان آلوده با 100 و 150 میلیگرم در لیتر سیلیکات کلسیم در مقایسه با شاهد بیمار مشاهده شد. مقادیر کلروفیل، کارتنوئید، کربوهیدرات و پرولین در مرحله زایشی بیشتر از مرحله رویشی بود. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش، استفاده از نمک سیلیکات کلسیم 150 میلیگرم در لیتر موجب کاهش صدمات فیزیولوژیکی مانند کاهش رشد گیاه و پوسیدگی ریشه ناشی از آلودگی خیار به P. aphanidermatum و هم‌چنین، بهبود رشد گیاهان سالم می‌شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| گیاه خیار؛ سیلیکات کلسیم؛ پیتیوم؛ تغییرات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Physiological and biochemical changes in cucumber infected by Pythium aphanidermatum and the effect of calcium silicate on damage reduction | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| H. CHAKANI1؛ S. MOHSENZADEH2؛ R. MOSTOWFIZADEH-GHALAMFARSA3 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Pythium aphanidermatum is a cosmopolitan and soil-borne Oomycete which is a root rot pathogen for various species of Cucurbitaceae. The impacts of the pathogen on physiological changes in cucumber plants and the effect of different concentrations of calcium silicate on disease damage reduction were investigated. Three concentrations of calcium silicate, 50, 100 and 150 mg L-1, were applied in this study. Different plant physiological and biochemical mechanisms such as photosynthesis, protein synthesis and antioxidant response were studied. Seedlings were planted in greenhouse and collected after 36 (growing stage) and 71 (flowering stage) days. Chlorophyll, carotenoid, proline, carbohydrates, proteins, anthocyanin contents, lipid proxidation, and catalase activity in the plants were measured. This study showed a decrease in chlorophyll and cartenoid levels and an increase in the levels of the other factors after inoculation. All the measured factors such as proline, carbohydrates, proteins and anthocyanin were increased in healthy plants after adding 100 and 150 mg L-1 calcium silicate compared to the controls. In infected plants which were treated with 100 and 150 mg L-1 calcium silicate, an increase in chlorophyll and carotenoid levels and a decrease in all other monitored factors were observed. The level of chlorophyll, carotenoid, carbohydrate, and prolin in the reproduction stage were significanlty more than the vegetative stage. Based on these findings, application of 150 mg L-1 calcium silicate would reduce the physiological disorders such as plant growth reduction and root rot due to P. aphanidermatum infection of cucumber plants and also better physiology in healthy plantss. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| cucumber, calcium silicate, Pythium spp, physiological and biochemical changes | ||
| مراجع | ||
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