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اثر تنش خشکی بر عملکرد کمّی و کیفی، خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک و ترکیب‌های اسانس دو گونه Ocimum basilicum L. و Ocimum americanum L. | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 14، دوره 32، شماره 5 - شماره پیاپی 79، دی 1395، صفحه 900-914 اصل مقاله (279.14 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2016.108094 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| دیاکو رسولی* 1؛ براتعلی فاخری2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکترا، رشته بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به‌منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی بر عملکرد کمّی و کیفی، خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک و ترکیب‌های اسانس دو گونه O. basilicum L. و O. americanum L.، آزمایشی در قالب فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی، با 3 تکرار در شرایط گلخانه اجرا شد. تیمارهای خشکی شامل 100 (بدون تنش خشکی)، 80، 60 و 40 درصد ظرفیت زراعی بر دو گونه ریحان در نظر گرفته شدند. صفات اندازه‌گیری شده شامل وزن تر و خشک شاخ و برگ، اسانس، عملکرد اسانس، هیدرات‌کربن، پرولین، نیتروژن، پروتئین، فسفر و پتاسیم بودند. نتایج نشان داد که در هر دو گونه ریحان مورد مطالعه با افزایش سطوح تنش خشکی از شاهد به 40% ظرفیت زراعی بر درصد اسانس، هیدرات‌کربن و پرولین (28، 46 و 50 درصد) افزوده و از میزان وزن تر و خشک شاخ و برگ، عملکرد اسانس، نیتروژن، پروتئین، فسفر و پتاسیم (58، 7/58، 44، 19، 16، 39 و 23 درصد) کاسته شد. در گونه O. americanum تحت تنش خشکی، وزن تر و خشک شاخ و برگ، هیدرات‌کربن، پرولین، نیتروژن، پروتئین و فسفر افزایش معنی‌داری نشان داد، در حالیکه در گونه O. basilicum فقط درصد اسانس افزایش معنی‌داری داشت. در این پژوهش مشخص شد که بیشتر مؤلفه‌های رشد در تنش ملایم (80% ظرفیت زراعی) بیشترین عملکرد را داشتند. از طرفی درصد اسانس در تنش بالا با افزایش معنی‌داری مواجه گردید، به‌طوری که در گونه O. basilicum بیشترین میزان اسانس در تنش60% ظرفیت زراعی حاصل شد. نتایج کلی حاصل از این تحقیق بیانگر این مطلب بود که در تنش متوسط، عملکرد رویشی گیاه و در تنش نسبتاً شدید، درصد اسانس افزایش یافت. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تنش خشکی؛ اسانس؛ پرولین؛ Ocimum basilicum L؛ Ocimum americanum L. | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of drought stress on quantitative and qualitative yield, physiological characteristics and essential oil of Ocimum basilicum L. and Ocimum americanum L. | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| D. Rasouli1؛ B. Fakheri2 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Student of Agriculture Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In order to evaluate the effects of drought stress on quantity and quality of yield, physiological characteristics, and essential oil of Ocimum basilicum L. and Ocimum americanum L., a factorial experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications in greenhouse condition. Drought stress treatments consisted of control (without drought stress), 80, 60, and 40% of field capacity on two species of Ocimum. The traits measured were fresh and dry weights, essential oil, essential oil performance, carbohydrates, proline, nitrogen, protein, phosphorus and potassium contents. The results indicated that with increasing levels of drought stress from control to 40 percent of field capacity, the content of essential oil, carbohydrates, and proline were increased (28, 46, and 50%) in both species. However, the content of fresh and dry weight, essential performance, nitrogen, protein, phosphorus and potassium were reduced (57, 57.8, 44, 19, 16, 39 and 23%). In O. americanum, the content of fresh and dry weight, carbohydrate, proline, nitrogen, phosphorus, and protein were significantly increased under drought stress; while in O. basilicum, only essential oil content showed higher values significantly. It was observed that the majority of growth factors had the highest performance under low stress (80% of field capacity). Essential oil content, on the other hand, increased significantly under high stress condition, so that in O. basilicum, the highest essential oil content was obtained at 60 percent of field capacity. Our findings indicated that the plant performance and essential oil content were increased under average and moderately severe stress conditions, respectively. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Drought Stress, essential oil, Proline, Ocimum basilicum L, Ocimum americanum L | ||
| مراجع | ||
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