| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,846 |
| تعداد مقالات | 32,300 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 41,387,093 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 18,562,169 |
مطالعه تأثیر تاج‌پوشش و فصل نمونه‌برداری بر فعالیت آنزیم‌های خاک در چند رویشگاه ارس ایران | ||
| تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران | ||
| مقاله 15، دوره 18، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 39، فروردین 1389، صفحه 152-162 اصل مقاله (261.58 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد متینی‌زاد* 1؛ مصطفی خوشنویس2؛ مریم تیموری2؛ محمدحسن قاسمی3 | ||
| 1استادیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور | ||
| 2مربی پژوهشی، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور | ||
| 3کارشناس ارشد، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بررسی آنزیم‌های خاک روش متداولی است که به‌طور گسترده برای سنجش فرآیندهایی که در چرخه‌های مواد غذایی خاک روی می‌دهد استفاده می‌شود. فعالیت آنزیم‌های خاک به اثرات تخریبی انسان و طبیعت حساس بوده و اندازه‌گیری فعالیت‌های گروهی آنها می‌تواند ارزیابی معتبری از پاسخ متابولیک خاک به روشهای مدیریتی و تنش‌های محیطی را فراهم کند. این تحقیق در چهار رویشگاه اُرس ایران شامل لاین (استان خراسان)، چهارباغ (استان گلستان)، کندرق (استان اردبیل) و چهارطاق اردل (استان چهارمحال و بختیاری) انجام شد. از عمق 20-0 سانتی‌متری خاک نمونه‌برداری شد. سه آنزیم اسید فسفاتاز، آلکالین فسفاتاز و دهیدروژناز در بهار و پاییز 1387 و در زیر و بیرون تاج‌پوشش با استفاده از واکنش با سوبسترا و با اسپکتروفتومتر سنجش شدند. نتایج نشان داد که فعالیت آنزیم‌های بررسی شده در کلیه رویشگاه‌ها در زیر تاج‌پوشش درختان اُرس بیشتر از بیرون تاج‌پوشش است که نشان می‌دهد زیر تاج‌پوشش محیط غنی‌تری به‌لحاظ فعالیت میکروارگانیسم‌های خاک و گسترش ریشه‌های اُرس است. یافته‌ها همچنین نشان می‌دهد که آنزیم‌های خاک در فصل بهار فعالیت بیشتری در مقایسه با اوایل پاییز داشته و تحت تأثیر دوره خشکی و گرمای تابستانه از فعالیت میکروارگانیسم‌ها کاسته شده است. این تحقیق نشان داد که آنزیم‌های خاک تحت تأثیر فرآیندهای اقلیمی و پوشش گیاهی می‌توانند شاخص‌های مناسبی برای ارزیابی اکوسیستم خاک باشند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بیولوژی خاک؛ اسید فسفاتاز؛ آلکالین فسفاتاز؛ دهیدروژناز؛ اُرس؛ فصل؛ تاج‌پوشش | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Impact of canopy and seasoning on activity of soil enzymes in some Juniper habitatsof Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Matinizadeh1؛ Mostafa Khoshnevis2؛ Maryam Teimouri2؛ Mohammad Hassan Ghasemi3 | ||
| 1Assistant Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands (RIFR) | ||
| 2Senior Research Expert, RIFR | ||
| 3M.Sc., RIFR | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Soil enzyme analysis is a widely used technique for examining nutrient cycling processes in soil. These enzymes are sensitive to the effects of anthropogenic activities and disturbance on the soil and provide valuable assessing of the metabolic response of soil to management practices and environmental stresses. This research was performed in four juniper habitats of Iran including Layen (Khorasan province), Chaharbagh (Golestan province), Kanderagh (Ardebil province) and Chahartaghe Adaral (Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province). Three enzymes including acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase were assessed by reaction with substrate and photometrical method under canopies and intercanopy in May and September 2008. Our results showed that the activities of all studied enzymes were significantly higher in soils under Junipers that represented more activity of microorganisms at this area. Soil enzyme activities showed seasonal variation with higher activity in September at both areas. It seems that the activity of microorganisms has been reduced under drought and heat duration. Our research indicates that soil enzymes may be valuable indexes for assessing soil ecosystem because of changing climatic conditions and vegetation. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| soil biology, Acid Phosphatase, Alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenase, Juniperus, Season, canopy | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- شیروانی، ا.، 1383. بررسی ملج‌های سالم و بیمار (Ulmus glabra Hudson) به‌منظور یافتن ژنوتیپ‌های مقاوم در برابر بیماری مرگ نارون در چهار منطقه شمال ایران. رساله دکترا، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، 212 صفحه. - علی‌احمد کروری، س. و خوشنویس، م.، 1379. مطالعات اکولوژی و زیست‌محیطی رویشگاه‌های اُرس ایران. انتشارات مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع، 208 صفحه. - Acosta-Martínez, V., Upchurch, D. R., Schubert, A.M., Porter, D. and Wheeler, T., 2004. Early impacts of cotton and peanut cropping systems on selected soil chemical, physical, microbiological and biochemical properties. Biol. Fertil. Soil, 40: 44-54. - Adams, M.A., 1992. Phosphatase activity and phosphorus fractions in Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor F. Muell.) forest soils. Biol. Fertil. Soil., 14: 200-204. - Antonietta Rao, M., Violante, A. and Gianfreda, L., 2000. Interaction of acid phosphatase with clays, organic molecules and organo-mineral complexes: kinetics and stability. Soil. Biol. Biochem., 32: 1007-1014. - Bastida, F., Moreno, J.L., Hernández, T. and García, C., 2006. Microbiological degradation index of soils in a semiarid climate. Soil. Biol. Biochem., 38: 3463–3473. - Benizri, E. and Amiaud, B., 2005. Relationship between plants and soil microbial communities in fertilized grasslands. Soil. Biol. Biochem., 37: 2055-2064. - Boerner, R.E.J., Brinkman, J.A. and Smith, A., 2005. Seasonal variations in enzyme activity and organic carbon in soil of a burned and unburned hardwood forest. Soil. Biol. Biochem., 37: 1419-1426. - Bremmer, J.M. and Mulvaney, C.S., 1982. Nitrogen-total. In: Page, A.L. (Ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Biological Methods. American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America: 5-624. - Clarholm, M., 1993. Microbial biomass P, labile P and acid phosphatase activity in the humus layer of a spruce forest, after repeated additions of fertilizers. Biol. Fertil. Soil.,16: 287-292. - Deng, S.P. and Tabatabai, M.A., 1996. Effect of tillage and residue management on enzyme activities in soils II. Glycosidases. Biol. Fertil. Soil, 22: 208-213. - Dick, R.P., 1994. Soil enzyme activities as indicators of soil quality. In: Doran, J.W., Coleman, D.C., Bezdicek D.F. and Stewart B.A. (Eds.) Defining Soil Quality for a Sustainable Environment. Soil Science Society of AmericaMadison WI: 108-123. - Dick, W.A. and Tabatabai, M.A., 1993. Significance and potential uses of soil enzymes. In: Metting, F.B. (Ed.), Soil Microbial Ecology: Application in Agricultural and Environmental Management. Marcel Dekker, New York: 95-125. - Dick, R.P., Sandor, J.A. and Eash, N.S., 1994. Soil enzyme activities after 1500 years of terrace agriculture in the Colca Valley, Peru. Agri. Ecos. Environ., 50: 123-131. - Findenegg, G.R. and Neiemans, J.A., 1993. The effect of phytase on the availability of P from myo-inositol hexaphosphate (phytate) for maize roots. Plant Soil, 154 (2): 189-196. - Gil-Sotres, F., Trasar-Cepeda, C., Leiros, M.C. and Seoane, S., 2005. Different approaches to evaluate soil quality using biochemical properties. Soil. Biol. Biochem., 37: 877-887. - Herbien, S.A. and Neal, J.L., 1990. Soil pH and phosphatase activity. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 21: 439-456. - Juma, N.G. and Tabatabai M.A., 1978. Distribution of phosphomonoesterases in soils. Soil Science, 126: 101-108. - Kaiser, E.A. and Heinemeyer, O., 1993. Seasonal variations of soil microbial biomass carbon within the plough layer. Soil Biol. Biochem., 25 (12): 1649-1656. - Kandeler, E., 2007. Physiological and biochemical methods for studying soil biota and their function. In: Paul, E.A. (Ed.) Soil microbiology ecology and biochemistry. Academic Press, Oxford, UK: 53-80. - Kennedy, A.C. and Papendick, R.I., 1995. Microbial characteristics of soil quality. Jour. Soil Water Conserv., 50: 243-248. - Klein, D.A., Sorensen, D.L. and Redente, E.F., 1985. Soil enzymes: A predictor of reclamation potential and progress. In: Tate, R.L., and Klein, D.A. (Eds.), Soil Reclamation Processes. Microbiological Analyses and Applications. Marcel Dekker, New York: 273-340. - Kramer, S. and Green, D.M., 2000. Acid and alkaline phosphatase dynamics and their relationship to soil microclimate in semiarid woodland. Soil Biol. Biochem., 32: 179-188. - Matinizadeh M., Korori S.A.A., Teimouri, M. and Praznik, W., 2008. Enzyme activities in untouched and tampered forest soils under oak (Quercus brantii var. persica) as affected by soil depth and seasonal variation. Asian J. Plant Sci., 7 (4): 368-374. - Nannipieri, P., 1994. The potential use of soil enzymes as indicators of productivity, sustainability and pollution. In: Pankhurst, C.E., Doube, B.M., Gupta, V.V.S.R. and Grace, P.R. (Eds.) Soil Biota: Management in Sustainable Farming Systems. CSIRO Information Services, Victoria, Australia: 238-244. - Nannipieri, P., Grego, S. and Ceccanti, B., 1990. Ecological significance of the biological activity in soil. In: Bollag, J.M. and Stotzky, G. (Eds.) Soil Biochemistry.Vol. 6. Marcel Dekker, New York: 293- 355. -Ohlinger, R., 1996. Acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity with the substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate. In: Schinner, F., Kandeler, E., Ohlinger, R. and Margesin, R. (Eds.) Methods in soil biology. Springer-VerlagBerlin: 210-214. - Ohlinger, R., 1996. Dehydrogenase Activity with the Substrate TTC. In: Schinner, F., Kandeler, E., Ohlinger, R. and Margesin, R. (Eds.) Methods in soil biology. Springer-VerlagBerlin: 240-243. - Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Vatanbe, F.S. and Dean, L.A., 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. U.S.D.A. cir. 939. Washington D.C: 153-155. - Renella, G., Landi, L., Ascher, J., Ceccherini, M.T., Pietramellara, G. and Nannipieri, P., 2006. Phosphomonoesterase production and persistence and composition of bacterial communities during plant material decomposition in soils with different pH values. Soil Biol. Biochem., 38: 795-802. - Sedia, E.G. and Ehrenfeld, J.G., 2006. Differential effects of lichens and mosses on soil enzyme activity and litter decomposition. Biol. Fertil. Soils, 43: 177-189. - Sinsabaugh, R.L., Carreiro, M.M. and Alvarez, S., 2002. Enzyme and microbial dynamics of litter Decomposition. In: Burns, R.G. and Dick, W.A. (Eds.) Enzymes in the environment. Marcel Dekker, New York: 249-266. - Speir, T.W. and Cowling, J.C., 1991. Phosphatase activities of pasture plants and soils: relationship with plant productivity and soil P fertility indices. Biol. Fert. Soils, 12: 189-194. - Speir, T.W. and Ross, D.J., 1978. Soil phosphatase and sulphatase. In: Burns, R.G. (Ed.) Soil Enzymes. Academic Press New York: 197-250. - Tabatabai, M.A. 1982. Soil enzymes. In: Page, A.L., Miller, R.H. and Keeney, D.R. (Eds.) Methods of Soil Analysis Part 2. 2nd ed. Agronomy 9, American Society of Agronomy, Madison Wis: 903-947. - Tabatabai, M.A. and Dick, W.A., 2002. Enzymes in soil research and development in measuring activities. In: Burns, R.G. and Dick, R.P. (Eds.) Enzymes in the Environment Activity, Ecology and Applications. Dekker, New York: 567-596. - Tarafdar, J.C., Yadav, R.S. and Meena, S.C., 2001. Comparative efficiency of acid phosphatase originated from plant and fungal sources. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., 164 (3): 279-282. - Turco, R.F., Kennedy, A.C. and Jawson, M.D., 1994. Microbial indicators of soil quality. In: Doran, J.W., Coleman, D.C., Bezdicek, D.F. and Stewart, B.A. (Eds.) Defining soil quality for a sustainable environment. Soil Science Society of America, Special Publication, No. 35: 73-90. - Visser, S. and Parkinson, D., 1992. Soil biological criteria as indicators of soil quality: soil microorganisms. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture, 7: 33-37. - Yadav, R.S. and Tarafdar, J.C., 2003. Phytase and phosphatases producing fungi in arid and semi-arid soils and their efficiency in hydrolyzing different organic P. Soil Biol. Biochem., 35: 745-751. - Walkley, A. and Black. I.A., 1934. An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining organic carbon in soils: Effect of variations in digestion conditions and of inorganic soil constituents. Soil Sci., 63: 251-263. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 428 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 368 |
||