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بررسی پایداری سطح تعادل جمعیت بید کلم ((Plutella xylostella (Lep.: Plutellidae) با استفاده از روش آشفتگی | ||
| نامه انجمن حشره شناسی ایران | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 36، شماره 1، فروردین 1395، صفحه 39-48 اصل مقاله (175.85 K) | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| جواد کریم زاده اصفهانی* 1؛ زهرا کاظم‌زاده2؛ حمید قاجاریه نجاری باشی2 | ||
| 1دانشیار اکولوژی جمعیت، بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی (تات)، اصفهان، ایران. | ||
| 2دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد حشره‌شناسی کشاورزی و استادیار حشره‌شناسی، گروه حشره‌شناسی و بیماریهای گیاهی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| امروزه درک عمیق بیولوژی جمعیت برای بهکارگیری شیوههای اکولوژیک مدیریت آفات ضروری میباشد. در پژوهش حاضر، رفتار جمعیت بید کلم پس از بروز یک آشفتگی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بدینمنظور، یک آزمایش طولانی مدت با سه تیمار (بدون آشفتگی، آشفتگی با کاهش جمعیت و آشفتگی با افزایش جمعیت) انجام شد. بهطوریکه آزمایش در هر تیمار با 10 جفت حشره کامل در قفسهای تهویهدار شروع و تا 10 نسل کامل در شرایط محیطی ثابت استاندارد ادامه یافت. پس از طی پنج نسل، آشفتگی اعمال و هر تیمار 10 بار تکرار شد. در طول آزمایش غذای حشرات کامل و لاروها توسط محلول عسل (20%) و بوتههای کلم چینی تأمین و شمارش حشرات کامل بهصورت هفتگی انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که جمعیتهای بید کلم درصورت عدم آشفتگی در سطوح تعادل بهصورت پایدار دوام خواهند داشت. درحالیکه، آشفتگی با کاهش جمعیت در اکثر موارد باعث جابهجایی سطح تعادل جمعیت به تراکم پایینتری شد که میتوان امیدوار بود با ایجاد یک یا چند بار آشفتگی، با استفاده از راهبردهای پایداری چون رهاسازی دشمنان طبیعی یا پاشش حشرهکشهای میکروبی، سطح تعادل جمعیت را به زیر آستانه زیان اقتصادی پایین آورد. آشفتگی با افزایش جمعیت، در نیمی از موارد باعث ناپایداری جمعیت با شیب منفی شد که میتواند باعث انقراض جمعیت شود و میتوان از آن در مدیریت پایدار این آفت بهره جست. علل و پیامدهای یافتههای بهدست آمده در ارتباط با پارامترهای زیستی بید کلم، ایجاد رقابت بر سر منابع و اثرهای اکولوژیک آن بر رفتار جمعیت بحث شده است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| راهبردهای اکولوژیک؛ مدیریت آفات؛ طولانی مدت؛ جابهجایی تعادل؛ ناپایداری | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Studies on the stability of population equilibrium of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella (Lep.: Plutellidae)) using perturbation method | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| J. Karimzadeh1؛ Z. Kazemzadeh2؛ H. Ghajariyeh Najaribashi2 | ||
| 1Associate Professor in Population Ecology, Department of Plant Protection, Isfahan Research and Education Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Isfahan, Iran. | ||
| 2MSc in Agricultural Entomology and Assistant Professor in Entomology, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture (Abureihan campus), University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Nowadays, a basic understanding of population biology is necessary to establish ecological strategies of pest management. In the present study, the population behavior of the diamondback moth after a perturbation was examined. For this purpose, a long-term experiment with three treatments (control, a perturbation using density reduction and a perturbation using density increase) was performed. The experiment was started with 10 pairs of adult moths in ventilated cages under the standard constant environment. The experiment was continued for 10 generations. After five generations, the perturbation was applied and each treatment was replicated 10 times. Adults and larvae were fed with honey solution (20%) and Chinese cabbage, respectively. The population trend and stability were monitored by weekly census counts of live adults, and the data used as a measure of abundance for the population dynamics. The results showed that the populations of the diamondback moth persisted at equilibrial levels when there was no perturbation. On the contrary, when the populations were perturbed using density reduction, the population equilibrium was shifted to a lower level; in this situation perturbations using sustainable strategies, such as the release of natural enemies or the application of microbial insecticides, may set the equilibrium beneath economic injury threshold. While, a perturbation using density increase can cause instability of population equilibrium toward a decreasing trend that may drive the population to extinction. The causes and effects of the findings in relation with the moth life history, resource competition and its ecological consequences on the population behavior were discussed. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| ecological strategies, pest management, long term, equilibrium shift, instability | ||
| مراجع | ||
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