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تأثیر سطوح آبیاری و نیتروژن بر صفات مورفولوژیکی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد چای ترش (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) در سراوان | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 32، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 77، شهریور 1395، صفحه 436-449 اصل مقاله (255.78 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2016.106826 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| عاصم سپهرم1؛ سید غلامرضا موسوی* 2 | ||
| 1فارغ‌التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بیرجند، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد بیرجند، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کم‌آبیاری و کود نیتروژن بر صفات مورفولوژیکی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کاسبرگ چای ترش (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) در سال زراعی 1389 آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده و در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در شهرستان سراوان اجرا گردید. در این تحقیق آبیاری به‌عنوان فاکتور اصلی در سه سطح شامل آبیاری پس از 60، 120 و 180 میلی‌متر تبخیر تجمعی از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A و مقدار نیتروژن به‌عنوان فاکتور فرعی در چهار سطح شامل کاربرد 0، 60، 120 و 180 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر سطوح آبیاری و نیتروژن بر ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، تعداد میوه در مترمربع، عملکرد تر و خشک کاسبرگ و عملکرد بیولوژیک معنی‌دار بود، اما وزن خشک کاسبرگ در تک میوه و شاخص برداشت کاسبرگ در میوه تنها تحت تأثیر آبیاری و شاخص برداشت کاسبرگ در بوته تنها تحت تأثیر نیتروژن قرار گرفت. اثر متقابل آبیاری و نیتروژن نیز بر صفات عملکرد تر و خشک کاسبرگ و بازدهی مصرف آب برای تولید کاسبرگ معنی‌دار بود. براساس مقایسه میانگین‌ها افزایش دور آبیاری از 60 به 180 میلی‌متر تبخیر تجمعی، ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، تعداد میوه در مترمربع، عملکرد تر و خشک کاسبرگ، عملکرد بیولوژیک و وزن خشک کاسبرگ در تک میوه را به‌ترتیب 1/48، 8/31، 3/41، 58، 9/54، 67 و 7/22 درصد کاهش داد و افزایش کاربرد نیتروژن از صفر به 120 کیلوگرم در هکتار صفات مذکور را به‌ترتیب 7/13، 6/8، 1/37، 3/43، 1/44، 5/25 و 7/5 درصد افزایش داد. به‌طور کلی براساس نتایج این تحقیق با توجه به اهمیت کمبود آب، تیمار آبیاری پس از 120 میلی‌متر تبخیر تجمعی و کاربرد 180 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار برای زراعت چای ترش در شرایط مشابه پیشنهاد می‌گردد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| چای ترش (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)؛ کم‌آبیاری؛ نیتروژن؛ عملکرد کاسبرگ؛ شاخص برداشت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The effect of irrigation and nitrogen levels on morphological traits, yield and yield components of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| A. Sepahrom1؛ S.Gh. Moosavi2 | ||
| 1M.Sc., Departement of Agronomy and Crop Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran | ||
| 2Departement of Agronomy and Crop Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In order to study the effect of low irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on morphological traits, sepal yield, and yield components of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), an experiment was conducted as split plot design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications, at Saravan, Iran in 2010. In this research, irrigation was considered as main factor with three levels (irrigation after 60, 120 and 180 mm evaporation from pan class A) and nitrogen rate was considered as sub factor with four levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N.ha-1). The results showed that irrigation and nitrogen levels had significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, fruit number per m2, sepal fresh and dry yield, and biological yield. However, sepal dry weight per single fruit and sepal harvest index per fruit were only affected by irrigation, and sepal harvest index per plant was only affected by nitrogen. The interaction effect between irrigation and nitrogen significantly affect the sepal fresh and dry yield. According to the means comparison, increasing of irrigation intervals from 60 to 180 mm evaporation reduced the plant height, stem diameter, fruit number per m2, sepal fresh and dry yield, biological yield, and sepal dry weight per single fruit to 48.1%, 31.8%, 41.3%, 58%, 54.9%, 67% and 22.7%, respectively. In addition, the increased use of nitrogen from 0 to 120 kg.ha-1 could increase the mentioned traits to 13.7%, 8.6%, 37.1%, 43.3%, 44.1%, 25.5%, and 5.7%, respectively. Overall, according to the results of current study, irrigation after 120 mm evaporation with 180 kg N. ha-1 treatmentcould be suggested for roselle cultivation in Saravan, Iran. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), low irrigation, nitrogen, Sepal yield, harvest index | ||
| مراجع | ||
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