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بررسی تنوع اسانس 21 جمعیت گونه انحصاری ایرانی Nepeta kotschyi Boiss. | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 32، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 76، خرداد 1395، صفحه 189-202 اصل مقاله (404.76 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2016.106555 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| نجمه هادی1؛ فاطمه سفیدکن* 2؛ عبدالعلی شجاعیان3؛ علیاشرف جعفری4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکترای فیزیولوژی و اصلاح گیاهان دارویی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2استاد، بخش تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و محصولات فرعی، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران | ||
| 4استاد، بخش تحقیقات بانک ژن، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| جنس پونهسا (Nepeta) از بزرگترین جنسهای خانواده نعنا و ایران از خواستگاههای اصلی آن است. نپتالاکتونها و فلاونوئیدها، متابولیتهای ثانویه اصلی گونههای پونهسا و عامل اصلی ارزش دارویی و فعالیتهای بیولوژیک آنها میباشند. در مورد بررسی فعالیتهای زیستی متابولیتهای ثانویه جنس پونهسا گزارشهای متعددی وجود دارد که نشاندهنده اهمیت این جنس است. در این تحقیق، تنوع اسانس 21 جمعیت وحشی گونه Nepeta kotschyi Boiss.، از گونههای انحصاری ایران ارزیابی شد. بهمنظور حذف اثر محیط، بذر جمعیتها در یک محل کشت و نگهداری گردید. اندامهای گیاهی در مرحله گلدهی کامل برداشت شدند و پس از خشک شدن در سایه، به روش تقطیر با آب اسانسگیری شدند. بررسی کمّی و کیفی اجزای اسانس بهترتیب با استفاده از GC و GC/MS انجام شد. بعد از بررسیهای گیاهشناسی و تجزیه اسانس مشخص شد که جمعیتها از دو واریته مختلف هستند. دو جمعیت بویراحمد1 و بویراحمد2 متعلق به N. kotschyi var. kotschyi و بقیه جمعیتها به N. kotschyi var. persica تعلق داشتند. 23 ترکیب در اسانس گونه N. kotschyi شناسایی شد. بیشترین بازده اسانس (وزنی/وزنی) در جمعیتهای واریته kotschyi (7/0-5/0%) بدست آمد. در میان جمعیتهای واریته persica بر اساس ترکیب(های) غالب اسانس سه کموتایپ اصلی a حاوی نپتالاکتون I (a4-آلفا، 7-آلفا، a7-آلفا نپتالاکتون)، b حاوی نپتالاکتون II (a4-آلفا، 7-آلفا، a7-بتا نپتالاکتون) و کوبنول و c حاوی ژرانیل استات و کوبنول شناسایی شدند. جمعیتهای سمیرم و تفت5 در کموتایپ b، تفت4 در کموتایپ c و بقیه جمعیتها ازجمله جمعیتهای واریته kotschyi در کموتایپ a قرار گرفتند. در کموتایپ a میزان نپتالاکتون I از 9/53% (چلگرد) تا 8/84% (بویراحمد2) و نپتالاکتون II از 1% (تفت1) تا 7/13% (چلگرد) متغیر بودند. در کموتایپ b میزان نپتالاکتون I از 3/0% (تفت5) تا 9/4% (سمیرم) و نپتالاکتون II از 4/13% (تفت5) تا 7/44% (سمیرم) اندازهگیری شد. نپتالاکتون III (a4-آلفا، 7-بتا، a7-آلفا نپتالاکتون) (3/3-3/1%) منحصراً در اسانس جمعیتهای واریته persica شناسایی شد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Nepeta kotschyi var. kotschyi؛ Nepeta kotschyi var. persica؛ اسانس؛ نپتالاکتون؛ کموتایپ | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Essential oil diversity of 21 populations from Iranian endemic species Nepeta kotschyi Boiss. | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| N. Hadi1؛ F. Sefidkon2؛ A. Shojaeiyan3؛ A.A. Jafari4 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Student, Agriculture College, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and ExtensionOrganization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Horticulture Department, Agriculture College, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 4Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The genus Nepeta is one of the largest genera of the Lamiaceae family, and Iran, particularly, is one of the main centers of origin of this genus. Nepetalactones and flavonoids were reported as major constituents of Nepeta species, and the main cause of their medicinal value and biological properties. There are lots of reports related to biological activities of secondary metabolites of genus Nepeta showing the importance of this genus. In this work, the essential oil (EO) diversity of 21 wild populations from Nepeta kotschyi Boiss., Iranian endemic species, was investigated. For removing the environmental effect, the seeds of populations were planted in one place. Plant aerial parts were harvested at full flowering stage, and after shade-drying, their EO was extracted by hydrodistillation method. EO was quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed by GC and GC/MS. After botanical study and EO analysis, it was revealed that the populations were from two different varieties. Two populations including buyer-ahmad1 and Buyer-Ahmad2, were from N. kotschyi var. kotschyi, and others were stood in N. kotschyi var. persica. Twenty-four components were characterized in the EO of N. kotschyi. The highest amount of EO yield (w/w) was obtained in populations of var. kotschyi (0.5-0.7%). Three main chemotypes were identified among populations of var. persica based on the main component(s) of EO, including a containing NepI (4aα,7α,7aα-nepetalactone), b containing NepII (4aα,7α,7aβ-nepetalactone) and cubenol, and c containing geranyl acetate and cubenol. Except of semirom and Taft5 which were stood in b-chemotype, and Taft4 which was placed in c-chemotype, other populations of var. persica, also populations of var. kotschyi, were stood in a-chemotype. In addition, based on the main component of EO, the populations of var. kotschyi were put in a-chemotype. In a-chemotype, the amount of NepI was obtained between %53.9 (Chelgard) and %84.8 (Buyer-Ahmad2), and NepII was measured between %1 (Taft1) and %13.7 (Chelgard). In b-chemotype, the amount of NepI was measured between %0.3 (Taft5) and %4.9 (Semirom), and NepII was obtained between %13.4 (Taft5) and 44.7% (Semirom). NepIII (4aα,7β,7aα-nepetalactone) (1.3-3.3%) was characterized only in the EO of var. Kotschyi populations. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Nepeta kotschyi var. kotschyi, Nepeta kotschyi var. persica, essential oil, nepetalactone, chemotype | ||
| مراجع | ||
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