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حساسیت پسیل معمولی پسته (Agonoscena pistaciae Burkhardt and Lauterer) نسبت به عصاره چند گیاه در آزمایشگاه | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 32، شماره 1، فروردین 1395، صفحه 23-34 اصل مقاله (278.74 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2016.106134 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فریدون صالحی1؛ محمد امین سمیع* 2 | ||
| 1دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد جیرفت، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی‌عصر رفسنجان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پسیل معمولی پسته با نام علمیAgonoscena pistaciae Burkhardt and Lauterer (Hem.: Aphalaridae)، به‌عنوان یکی از مهمترین آفات باغ‌های پسته ایران شناخته شده‌است. روش‌های مختلفی مثل استفاده از آفت‌کش‌ها برای کنترل این آفت استفاده شده‌است، اما به دلیل خطرات زیست محیطی و محافظت از منابع طبیعی به‌خصوص در مدیریت سیستم‌های آب و خاک و استفاده از زنجیره غذایی استفاده از روش‌های دیگر ضروریست. در سال‌های اخیر، استفاده از عصاره‌های گیاهی به دلیل خواص حشره‌کشی که دارند برای کنترل آفات مورد توجه قرار گرفته‌اند. در این تحقیق تأثیر عصاره‌های اتانولی گیاه آویشن، رزماری، کرچک و تلخه‌بیان روی سن پنجم پورگی پسیل در دمای ºC2±26 و رطوبت نسبی 5±65% و دوره نوری 16: 8 (روشنایی: تاریکی) ارزیابی شد. در آزمایش‌های زیست‌سنجی دیسک‌های برگی در غلظت‌های مختلف عصاره‌ها با استفاده از برج پاشش روی پوره‌های سن پنجم پسیل پسته پاشیده شد و آب مقطر و اتانول به‌عنوان شاهد مورد استفاده قرار‌گرفت و 36 و 72 ساعت بعد از تیمار کردن مرگ و میر محاسبه شد. این آزمایش در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار برای هر تیمار انجام شد. غلظت کشنده 50% برای عصاره‌های آویشن، رزماری، کرچک، گل تلخه‌بیان و برگ تلخه‌بیان در 36 ساعت پس از تیمار به‌ترتیب 642/386، 207/322، 338/314، 127/25 و 367/94 گرم بر لیتر) محاسبه شد. براساس این نتایج عصاره گل و برگ گیاه تلخه‌بیان در مقایسه با سایر عصاره‌ها روی آفت مؤثرتر است و می‌تواند به‌عنوان گزینه پیشنهادی از میان عصاره‌های بررسی شده مورد توجه قرار گیرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پسیل معمولی پسته؛ کرچک؛ تلخه‌بیان؛ آویشن؛ رزماری؛ کشندگی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Susceptibility of the common pistachio psyllid (Agonoscena pistaciae Burkhardt and Lauterer) to several plant extracts in laboratory | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| F. Salehi1؛ M.A. Samih2 | ||
| 1Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Jiroft Branch, Jiroft, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University, Rafsanjan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hem.: Aphalaridae), is one of the most important pests of pistachio orchards in Iran. In this study, the effect of ethanol extracts of Thymusv ulgaris L., Rosmarinus officinalis Save., Ricinus communis L. and Sophopra alopecuriodes L. were studied on the mortality of this pest in vitro. The bioassay experiments were done within 8-cm-diameter Petri dishes, containing pistachio leaf disks and fifth instar nymphs of common pistachio psylla. Different concentrations of extracts were sprayed on nymphs, by using the spray tower, and distilled water and ethanol were used as control. Nymphal mortality was calculated at 36 and 48h post-treatment. The experiment was conducted in a CRD design with three replications for each concentration of each treatment. According to the obtained results, the effect of different concentrations of all treatments was significant on the mortality of pest at 36 and 48h after treatment. The LC50 values for T. vulgaris, R. officinalis, R. communis and S. alopecuriodes (flowers) and S.alopecuriodes (leavs)at 36hafter treatmentwere calculated to be 386.642, 322.207, 314.338, 94.367 and 25.127 g/l, respectively. Based on the toxicity of extract used in this study at 24 and 48 hours after treatment, T. vulgaris and S. alopecuriodes extracts hadthe lowest and highest insecticidal effect on common pistachio psylla, respectively. The extract of S. alopecuriodes flowers and leaves was more effective and it could be used as an effective and environmentally friendly compound candidate in controlling this pest. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Agonoscena pistaciae, Ricinus communis L, Sophopra alopecuriodes L, Thymus vulgaris L, Rosmarinus officinalis Save, lethality | ||
| مراجع | ||
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