| تعداد نشریات | 285 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 83 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,110 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,666 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 49,825,874 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 80,171,315 |
تأثیر همزیستی اکتومیکوریزایی بر رشد و فیزیولوژی گیاهچههای بلندمازو (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey.) | ||
| تحقیقات حمایت و حفاظت جنگلها و مراتع ایران | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 13، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 26، اسفند 1394، صفحه 160-170 اصل مقاله (345.58 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfrpr.2016.106023 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سیده معصومه زمانی1؛ ابراهیم محمدی گل تپه* 2؛ ناصر صفایی3؛ میترا امام4 | ||
| 1دانشآموخته دکترا، گروه بیماریشناسی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، و مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، ، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2استاد، گروه بیماریشناسی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار، گروه بیماریشناسی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران | ||
| 4استادیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بلندمازو (Quercus castaneifolia) از درختان مهم و صنعتی جنگلهای شمال ایران بوده که بهدلیل بهرهبرداریهای بیرویه بهشدت مورد تخریب قرار گرفته است. ازآنجاکه همزیستی اکتومیکوریزایی نقش مهمی در فیزیولوژی، اکولوژی، مقاومت، تکثیر و زادآوری درختان میزبان و اکوسیستمهای جنگلی ایفا میکند؛ در میان راهکارهای موجود برای بهبود زندهمانی و استقرار، همزیستی میکوریزایی القاء شده (مصنوعی) و تلقیح گیاهچهها با استرینهای قارچی منتخب، بهعنوان روشی کارآمد و دوستدار محیطزیست و نیز جایگزینی برای کودهای شیمیایی و دیگر تیمارهای بهبودبخشی خاک معرفی شده است. در این تحقیق همزیستی اکتومیکوریزایی روی ریزقلمههای بلندمازو برقرار شد تا میزان سازگاری آن با قارچ همزیست مورد استفاده و نیز امکان بهبود خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و رویشی آن ارزیابی شود. گیاهچههای بلوط از طریق کشت بافت تکثیر شدند، سپس برقراری همزیستی با قارچ Hebeloma sinapizans انجام شد. اندازهگیری برخی ویژگیهای فیزیولوژیکی، رشدی و نیز وضعیت آبی گیاهچههای تلقیح شده در مقایسه با گیاهچههای شاهد انجام گردید. نتایج نشان داد که برقراری همزیستی اکتومیکوریزایی روی گیاهچههای بلوط، بیومس، سطح و کلروفیل برگ، بیومس ساقه و نیز محتوای آبی گیاهچهها را افزایش داده است. بنابراین با توجه به بهبود وضعیت آبی، افزایش رشد و بیومس و اصلاح خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی گیاه تلقیح شده با قارچ میکوریز در مقایسه با شاهد، میتوان برقراری این تعامل اکتومیکوریزایی را راهکاری نوین برای افزایش موفقیت نهالکاری در برنامههای احیایی جنگلهای بلندمازو معرفی کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| بلندمازو؛ ویژگیهای رشد؛ ویژگیهای فیزیولوژیک؛ همزیستی اکتومیکوریزایی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis on the Growth and Physiology of Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey. Plantlets | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Seyedeh Masoumeh Zamani1؛ Ebrahim Mohammadi Goltapeh2؛ Naser Safaie3؛ Mitra Emam4 | ||
| 1Ph.D. graduate, Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University & Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, Faulty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Associate Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, Faulty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 4Assistant Professor, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Chestnut leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey) is one of the most important industrial trees in northern forests of Iran which has been destructed due to severe exploitation. In order to improving of early growth, planting survival and forest work, the induced mycorrhizal symbiosis (artificial) via plantlet inoculation with selected fungal isolates has been introduced as an efficient method, eco-friendly and alternative to chemical fertilizers or other soil improvement treatments. In this study, ectomycorrhizal symbiosis was established in vitro on plantlets of Quercus castaneifolia to evaluate the influence of the fungus Hebeloma sinapizans (Fr.) Sacc on growing and physiological characteristics of treated plantlets. Oak plantlets were propagated by tissue culture, and then symbiosis was established with fungus Hebeloma sinapizans (Fr.) Sacc. Physiological and growth characteristics as well as water status of inoculated plants were measured. Compared with control plantlets, a significant increase in biomass, area and chlorophyll content of leaf, stem biomass as well as water content of plantlets was observed in treated plantlets. The findings of this investigation showed that ectomycorrhizal symbiosis establishing can be introduced as a promising approach to increase success of planting in forest vivification programs. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, Quercus castaneifolia, Growth, Physiology | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Allen C.D., Macalady, A.K., Chenchouni, H., Bachelet, D., McDowell, N., Vennetier, M., Kizberger, T., Rigling, A., Breshears, D.D., Hogg, E.H., Gonzalez, P., Fensham, R., Zhang, Z., Castro, J., Demidova, N., Lim J.H., Allard, G., Running, S.W., Semerci, A. and Cobb, N. 2010. A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests. Forest Ecology and Management 259: 660–684.
- Baum, C., Toljander, Y.K., Eckhardt, K.U., Weih, M. 2009. The significance of host-fungus combinations in ectomycorrhizal symbioses for the chemical quality of willow foliage. Plant and Soil, 323: 213–224..
- Beker HJ, Eberhardt U, Vesterholt J. 2010. Hebeloma hiemale Bres. in artic/alpine habitats. North American Fungi, 5: 51-65. . - Brundrett, M., Bougher, N., Dell, B., Grove, T. and Malajczuk, N. 1996. Working with mycorrhizas in forestry and agriculture. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra. 374 p.
- Catsky J. 1960. Determination of water deficit in discs cut out from leaf blades. Plant Biology 2,76–77.
- Chalot, M. and Brun, A. 1998. Physiology of organic nitrogen acquisition by ectomycorrhizal fungi and ectomycorrhizas. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 22: 21–44.
- Colpaert, J.V., Van Laere and A., Van Assche J.A. 1996. Carbon and nitrogen allocation in ectomycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings. Tree Physiology 16: 787–793.
- Correa, A., Strasser, R. and Martins-Loucao, M. 2006. Are mycorrhiza always beneficial? Plant Soil 279: 65-73.
- Dickie, I.A., Montgomery, R.A., Reich, P.B. and Schnitzer, SA. 2007. Physiological and phenological responses of oak seedlings to oak forest soil in the absence of trees. Tree Physiology 27: 133–140.
- Dominguez Nunez, J.A., Gonzalez, R.P., Rodriguez, Barreal, J.A. and de Omenaca Gonzalez, J.A.S. 2008. The effect of Tuber melanosporum Vitt. mycorrhization on growth, nutrition, and water relations of Quercus petraea Liebl., Quercus faginea Lamk. and Pinus halepensis Mill. seedlings. New Forests 35 (2): 159-171.
- Dominguez Nunez, J.A., Selva Serrano, J., Rodriguez, Barreal, J.A. and de Omenaca Gonzalez, J.A.S.
2006. The influence of mycorrhization with Tuber melanosporum in the afforestation of a Mediterranean site with Quercus ilex and Quercus faginea. Forest Ecology and Management, 231: 226–233.
- Dunabeitia, M.K., Hormilla, S., Garcia-Plazaola, J.I., Txarterina, K., Arteche, U. and Becerril, J.M. 2004. Differential responses of three fungal species to environmental factors and their role in the mycorrhization of Pinus radiata D. Don. Mycorrhiza, 14: 11–18.
- Duponnois, R. and Garbaye J. 1991. Techniques for controlled synthesis of Douglas-fir–Laccaria laccata ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. Annals of Forest Science, 48: 641–650.
- Fini, A., Frangi, P., Amoroso, G., Piatti, R., Faoro, M., Bellasio, C. and Ferrini, F. 2011. Effect of controlled inoculation with specific mycorrhizal fungi from the urban environment on growth and physiology of containerized shade tree species growing under different water regimes. Mycorrhiza, 21: 703–719.
- Herrmann, S., Munch, J.C. and Buscot, F. 1998. A gnotobiotic culture system with oak microcutiings to study specific effects of mycobionts on plant morphology before, and in the early phase of, ectomycorrhiza formation by Paxillus involutus and Piloderma croceum. New Phytologist, 138: 203–212.
- Johnson, P.S., Shifley, S.R. and Rogers, R. 2002. The ecology and silviculture of oaks. CABI Publishing, New York, NY, 503 p.
- Kumar, A., Sharma, S. and Mishra, S. 2010. Influence of AM fungi and salinity on seedling growth, solute accumulation and mycorrhizal dependency of Jatropha curcas L. Plant Growth Regulation, 29: 297-306.
- Lehto, T. and Zwiazek, J.J. 2011. Ectomycorrhizas and water relations of trees: a review. Mycorrhiza, 2: 71–90.
- Marmeisse, R., Gryta, H., Jargeat, P., Fraissinet-Tachet, L., Gay, G.. and Debaud, J.C. 1999. Hebeloma. In: Cairney JWG, Chambers SM. (Eds.). Ectomycorrhizal fungi: key genera in profile. Berlin, Springer-Verlag. pp. 89-127.
- Martin-Pinto, P., Pajares, J. and Diez, J. 2006. In vitro effects of four ectomycorrhizal fungi, Boletus edulis, Rhizopogon roseolus, Laccaria laccata and Lactarius deliciosus on Fusarium damping off in Pinus nigra seedlings. New Forests, 32: 323–334.
- Martins, A., Barroso, J. and Pais, M.S. 1996. Effect of ectomycorrhizal fungi on survival and growth of micropropagated plants and seedlings of Castanea sativa Mill. Mycorrhiza, 6: 265–270.
- Martins, A. 2008. In vitro Mycorrhization of Micropropagated Plants: Studies on Castanea sativa Mill. Siddiqui Z.A., Akhtar M.S. and Futai K. (Eds.). Mycorrhizae: Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. pp. 319-334.
- Marx, D.H. 1969. The influence of ectotrophic mycorrhizal fungi on the resistance of pine roots to pathogenic infections. I. Antagonism of mycorrhizal fungi to root pathogenic fungi and soil bacteria. Phytopathology, 59:153–163.
- Molina R, Massicotte H and Trappe JM. 1992. Specificity phenomena in mycorrhizal symbioses: community-ecological consequences and practical implications. In: Allen MF. (Ed.). Mycorrhizal functioning. London, UK, Chapman & Hall. pp. 357–423.
- Müller, T., Avolio, M., Olivi, M., Benjdia, M., Rikirsch, E., Kasaras, A., Fitz, M., Chalot, M. and Wipf, D. 2007. Nitrogen transport in the ectomycorrhiza association: The Hebeloma cylindrosporum–Pinus pinaster model. Phytochemistry, 68 (1): 41-51.
- Nuutinen, J., Marttinen, E., Soliymani, R., Hilden, K. and Timonen, S. 2012. L-amino acid oxidase of the fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum displays substrate preference towards glutamate. Microbiology, 158, 272-283.
- Oh, K.I., Melville, L.H., Peterson, R.L. 1995. Comparative structural study of Quercus serrata and Q. acutissima formed by Pisolithus tinctorius and Hebeloma cylindrosporum. Trees, 9 (3): 171-179.
- Oliveira, P., Barriga, J., Cavaleiro, C., Peixe, A. and Potes, A.Z. 2003. Sustained in vitro root development obtained in Pinus pinea inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi. Forestry, 76: 579-587.
- Parhizkar, P., Ali Ahmad Korori, S. and Moraghebi, F. 2002. Peroxidase enzyme in order to lookoing for resistance individuals. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi Journal, 56: 44-47.
- Qu, L., Quoreshi, A.M., Iwase, K., Tamai, Y., Funada, R. and Koike, T. 2003. In vitro ectomycorrhiza formation on two larch species of seedling with six different fungal species. Eurasian Journal of Forest Research, 6(1): 65-73.
- Repac, I. 2010. Ectomycorrhizal inoculum and inoculation techniques. In: Rai R, Varma A. (Eds.) Diversity and biotechnology of ectomycorrhizae. Soil biology series. Springer, Berlin, pp 43-63.
- Sabeti, H. 1976. Forests, trees and shrubs of Iran. Publication of Ministry of Agricultural and Natural Resources of Iran, Tehran, 876 p.
- Sarjala, T. and Potila, H. 2005. Effect of ectomycorrhizal fungi on nitrogen mineralisation and the growth of Scots pine seedlings in natural peat. Plant and Soil, 269 (2): 171-180.
- Schar, C., Vidale, P.L., Luthi, D., Frei, C., Haberli, C., Mark, A., Liniger, M.A. and Appenzeller, C. 2004. The role of increasing temperature variability in European summer heat waves. Nature, 427: 332–336.
- Sebastiana, M., Pereira, V.T., Alcantara, A., Pais, M.S. and Silva, A.B. 2013. Ectomycorrhizal inoculation with Pisolithus tinctorius increases the performance of Quercus suber L. (cork oak) nursery and field seedlings. New Forests, 44: 937-949.
- Smith, S.E. and Read, D.J. 2008. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, third ed. Academic Press, San Diego,CA. 787 p.
- Southworth, D., Carrington, E.M., Frank, J.L., Gould, P., Harrington, C.A. and Devine, W.D. 2009. Mycorrhizas on nursery and field seedlings of Quercus garryana. Mycorrhiza, 19: 149–158.
- Turgeman, T., Asher, J.B., Roth-Bejerano, N., Kagan-Zur, V., Kapulnik, Y. and Sitrit, Y. 2011. Mycorrhizal association between the desert truffle Terfezia boudieri and Helianthemum sessiliflorum alters plant physiology and fitness to arid conditions. Mycorrhiza, 21: 623–630.
- Vesterholt, J. 2005. The genus Hebeloma. Fungi of Northern Europe, vol. 3. Copenhagen, Denmark: Danish Mycological Society. 146 p.
- Zamani, S.M., Emam, M., Mohammadi Goltapeh, E., Safaei, N., Ghamari Zare, A. and Farsi, M.J. 2012. In vitro propagation of Quercus castaneifolia. Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research, 20 (40): 240-252. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,861 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,292 |
||